Ukuthutha Abantwana—Indlela Yase-Afrika NeyaseNyakatho Melika
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ENIGERIA
KUNEZINDLELA ezihlukahlukene abantu abazisebenzisayo emhlabeni wonke ekuthutheni abantwana. Indlela yaseNyakatho Melika nendlela yase-Afrika zihluke ngendlela ephawulekayo.
Kulamazwekazi angafani, izimo ezingokomnotho zihluke ngokuphawulekayo. Ngakho singalindela ukuthi izindlela zokuthutha nazo zihluke kakhulu. Okokuqala, ake sibone ukuthi abantu baseNyakatho Melika bavame ukuyisingatha kanjani lendaba.
Indlela YaseNyakatho Melika
E-United States nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba, izinqola zabantwana (ama-pram) ezinamasondo amane ziyindlela evamile. Futhi eminyakeni yamuva nje ziye zenziwa zaba lula ukuzisebenzisa, ziyakhanga, futhi zintofontofo ukuze umntwana anethezeke. Eziningi zinendwangu entofontofo, ewashekayo, nezihlalo eziphakeme.
Izinqola zabantwana zibanikeza indawo emnandi yokuphumula, ukushintsha isimiso esivamile, ukuphumuza izinyawo ezibuhlungu. Kumntwana owozelayo, inqola ingafana nombhede onamasondo. Ngokuvamile ukuhamba kwayo kuthuthuzela umntwana okhathele futhi ongaphathekile kahle.
Izinqola zabantwana zingenza nokuphila kwabazali kube lula. Umzali othile wathi: “Kulula kunokubeletha umntwana yonke indawo.” Kungase kube lula ukubeletha umntwana lapho esemncane, kodwa kuhluke kakhulu lapho isisindo sakhe sesiqala ukukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abazali bajabulela ukwazi ukuthi umntwana wabo ulondekile enqoleni abakwaziyo ukuyilawula.
E-United States, kuqikelelwa ukuba kwenziwe izinqola zabantwana ezilondekile. Ziklanywa zibe nesisekelo esibanzi esinogqinsi ukuze zingagingqiki kalula. Amabhuleki kumelwe abambe futhi abe sendaweni lapho umntwana osenqoleni angenakuwathinta khona. Kufakwa izinto ezibamba ukugobeka ukuze inqola ingavaleki ngengozi. Kuyaqikelelwa ukuba kususwe noma iziphi “izindawo ezipitshizayo”—izindawo ezingapitshiza leyo minwe emincane. Amabhande ezihlalo anikeza ukulondeka okwengeziwe.
Izinqola zabantwana zingahlukahluka ngentengo kusukela ngaphezu kuka-$20 (R70) kuya emalini ephinda leyo izikhathi ezingu-8 noma eziyishumi. Omunye umklamo onethezekile othengiswa ngemali engaba ngu-$300 (R1 000) unobhasikidi omkhulukazi, ingaphakathi lendwangu entofontofo, ingaphandle eliqinile, amasondo aya nhlangothi zonke, nefulemu ebambekayo, elula. ‘Inqola yabasubathi’ eklanywe ngokukhethekile, evumela umama noma ubaba ukuba adonse umntwana kuyilapho egijima, ibiza imali engaba ngu-$380 (R1 380).
Indlela Yase-Afrika
E-Afrika, kanye nasemazweni amaningi ase-Asia, omama abaningi babeletha abantwana emihlane yabo, njengoba kwakwenza onina nogogo babo ngaphambi kwabo. “Ukubeletha emhlane,” njengoba ama-Afrika amaningi ekubiza kanjalo, akubizi neze futhi kulula. Okuwukuphela kwento edingekayo indwangu eqinile, ewunxande ebizwa ngokuthi imbeleko. Ngendlela elula, elondekile, umama uyagoba, abeke umntanakhe emhlane, abese ezisonga futhi azibophe yena nomntwana ngembeleko.
Ingabe kuyenzeka abantwana bawe lapho beboshwa? Lokhu cishe akwenzeki. Lapho ebopha usana, umama usekela ngesandla esisodwa kuyilapho eleka imbeleko ngesinye. Ngokuphathelene nabantwana asebekhulakhulile, owesifazane waseNigeria okuthiwa uBlessing wathi: “Abantwana abenqabi; babambelela ngokuqinile. Bayakuthanda ukuba semhlane wonina. Ngezinye izikhathi baze bakukhalele. Kodwa uma umntwana engavumi, umama angabamba ingalo yomntwana eyodwa noma zombili ngezingalo zakhe aze abophe imbeleko.”
Ukuze basekele izintamo zezinsana ezincane, omama basebenzisa indwangu yesibili, abayibopha ngendlela efanayo nembeleko eyinhloko. Ukuze basekele abantwana abancane noma abalele, bamboza izingalo zomntwana ngembeleko. Abantwana asebekhulakhulile bajabulela ukuba izingalo zabo zikhululeke.
Omama bama-Afrika bababeletha isikhathi eside kangakanani abantwana babo? Esikhathini esidlule ezinye izinhlanga, njengamaYoruba aseNigeria, zazibeletha abantwana bazo baze babe neminyaka emithathu ubudala. Kulezi zinsuku umntwana ubelethwa iminyaka engaba mibili, ngaphandle kwalapho phakathi nalesi sikhathi unina ethola omunye umntwana othatha indawo yowokuqala.
Uma eboshwe kahle emhlane kanina, umntwana angaya noma kuphi lapho unina eya khona—ehla enyuka ezitebhisini, enqamula endaweni embi, nalapho egibela futhi ehla ezimotweni. Kodwa ngaphandle kokuba indlela yokuthutha ewusizo nengabizi, ukubeletha umntwana kugcwalisa izidingo ezingokomzwelo ezibalulekile, njengokuthuthuzela. Umntwana okhalayo ubekwa emhlane kanina; uyalala, futhi umama aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe.
Ukususa umntwana emhlane umbeke embhedeni kudinga ubumnene, njengoba abantwana abaningi bengakuthandi ukuphazanyiswa. Ukuze enze lokhu, umama ngokucophelela ulala ngohlangothi abese ethukulula imbeleko ngesineke, manje eba ingubo yokulala. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze alingise umhlane olondekile, umama usekela umntwana ngomcamelo.
Ukubeletha umntwana kunezinye izinzuzo. Kwenza umama akwazi ukunakekela izidingo zomntanakhe. Uma umntwana engaphathekile kahle, enomkhuhlane, noma echamile, umama uzokuzwa lokho. Ukubeletha umntwana kungaletha nezinzuzo ezihlala isikhathi eside. Incwadi ethi Growth and Development ithi: “Ukusondelana ngokomzimba ebuntwaneni kwakha isibopho esilondekile nesothando phakathi komntwana nonina, okubeka isisekelo sobuhlobo bomuntu siqu eminyakeni yamuva. Isici esibalulekile kulesi sibopho kucatshangwa ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi umntwana obanjelwa eduze kanjalo angakuzwa kalula ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanina, njengoba ayenza lapho esesesibelethweni sikanina.”
Abantwana bayakuthanda ukusondelana kokubelethwa emhlane. E-Afrika akudingekile ukuba ubheke kude ukuze ubone abantwana abajabulile emihlane yonina. Abanye bazumeka ngokuthula. Abanye badlala ngezinwele, izindlebe, noma imigexo yonina. Abanye futhi bananela ngokwaneliseka njengoba unina ehlabelela ngephimbo elimtoti evumelana nezigqi zakhe.
Yebo, indlela yase-Afrika yokuthutha abantwana ngokuvamile ihluke kakhulu endleleni yaseNyakatho Melika. Kodwa ngayinye ilungele umphakathi wayo futhi ifeza injongo yayo.