Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ubhadane Lwezifo Ezithathelwanayo
I-World Health Organization (WHO) ithi ukufa okuyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abayizigidi ezingu-52 ngonyaka odlule kwabangelwa izifo ezithathelwanayo. Iningi lalabo abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-17 laliyizingane ezincane. Ngokwe-World Health Report 1996, eyakhishwa i-WHO, eminyakeni engu-20 edlule kuye kwatholakala izifo ezintsha ezithathelwanayo okungenani ezingu-30, kuhlanganise negciwane le-Ebola nengculaza. Ngisho noma izifo ezinkulu njengesifo sofuba, sohudo, nomalaleveva zingavinjelwa noma zelashwe ngezindleko eziphansi, ziyabuya futhi ziya ziyehlula ngokwengeziwe imithi. Umbiko uthi isizathu salokhu “ukungalawulwa nokusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi ebulala amagciwane,” kuhlanganise nezinye izici, njengokuvakashela emazweni ahlukahlukene nokwanda kwabantu ezindaweni ezigcwele omiyane.
Isitolo Sezincwadi Okuvunywa Kuso Izono
Inhlangano yamaKatolika yase-Italy iye yanquma ukumisa izindawo zokuvuma izono oxhaxheni lwayo lwezitolo zezincwadi zenkolo, ngayinye ibe nompristi okuzovunywa kuye izono. Kwaqale kwazanywa eMilan. Njalo ngoLwesithathu esitolo sezincwadi esingasemaphethelweni edolobha, kwakuba nompristi “ababengaya kuye bonke abafuna ukubona umpristi—kodwa hhayi esontweni—bezocela iseluleko esingokomoya, noma ngisho nokuvuma izono,” kusho umphathi wesitolo. Wanezela: “Imiphumela yokuqala yayingcono kakhulu kunalokho esasikulindele.” Kungani kwathathwa lesi sinyathelo? Iphephandaba lase-Italy i-Repubblica iyachaza: “Ukuze kubhekwane nokuncipha kwabantu esakramenteni lokuphenduka ezonweni.”
Akukho Okulahlwayo
Ngemva kokuba inyama engaba amakhilogremu angu-270 noma ngaphezulu isithathiwe, kwenzekani kwezinye izitho zenkomo ezisalayo? Ezinye izitho zangaphakathi ezinjengendlala yegilo, amanyikwe, amaphaphu, ubende, indlala ye-adrenal, isibeletho, indlala yobuchopho i-pituitary, nenyongo evela esibindini nesikhwama senyongo, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imithi. Emathanjeni, ezinselweni nasesikhunjeni, kukhishwa i-collagen esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-moisturizer nama-lotion. Umsipha namafutha kugcina sekusezithakweni ezinjenge-butyl stearate, PEG-150 distearate, ne-glycol stearate okusetshenziselwa ukwenza izimonyo eziningi nemikhiqizo yezinwele. Insipho eningi yenziwa ngamafutha ezilwane. Futhi amathambo nezinselo kuyagaywa ukuze kwenziwe i-gelatin esetshenziswa ekudleni okuningi, kuhlanganise no-ayisikhilimu, oswidi abathile, kanye nemikhiqizo eminingi “engenawo amafutha.” Ezinye izingxenye zigcina sezenze izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo enjengama-crayon, umentshisi, upholishi waphansi, i-linoleum, i-antifreeze, usimende, umuthi wokuqeda ukhula, iphepha elicwebezelayo, iphepha lezithombe, izinto zemidlalo, okokumboza izihlalo (upholstery), nezingubo zokugqoka. Amatshe akheka enyongweni akhokhelwa imali enkulu kakhulu—R90 igremu! Abahwebi baseMpumalanga Ekude bawathengela ukuwasebenzisela ukuvusa inkanuko yobulili.
Usizi Lokuzala Abantwana
Unyaka ngamunye kufa abesifazane abacishe babe ngu-585 000 bekhulelwe noma bebeletha, kusho ukuhlola okunzulu okwenziwa i-UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). Ngokombiko we-Progress of Nations 1996, usizi oluningi lokuzala abantwana lungavinjelwa. Ithi: “Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kufa abesifazane abayimiqemane, hhayi abagulayo, noma abadala kakhulu, noma abancane kakhulu.” Abanye besifazane abangaba ngu-75 000 bafa unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yokukhishwa kwezisu okunamaphutha; abangu-40 000 bafa ngenxa yemihelo ephazanyisiwe; abangu-100-000 bafa ngenxa yegazi elinoshevu; abangu-75 000 bafa ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho nezinso (okubangelwa ukudikiza ngamandla komzimba nomfutho wegazi ophakeme okwenzeka umuntu esezobeletha); futhi abangaphezu kuka-140000 ngenxa yokophela ngaphakathi. Emazweni amaningi kuthiwa lokhu kubangelwa ukuntuleka kokunakekelwa kokubeletha. Izikhulu ze-UNICEF zithi izibalo zibonisa ukuthi owesifazane oyedwa kwabangu-35 eNingizimu Asia noyedwa kwabangu-13 e-Afrika eseningizimu neSahara uyafa ngenxa yezinto ezihlobene nokukhulelwa nokubeletha, kanti eCanada kufa oyedwa kwabangu-7300, e-United States kufa oyedwa kwabangu-3300, futhi eYurophu kufa oyedwa kwabangu-3200. Izibalo ziphakeme cishe ngamaphesenti angu-20 ngaphezu kokulinganisela kwangaphambili kwabantu abacishe babe ngu-500-000 abafa ngonyaka.
Abantu Abanengculaza Bayanda
“Igciwane elibangela ingculaza liyaqhubeka lisakazeka ngokushesha ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi e-Asia nase-Afrika eseningizimu, futhi inani labantu abaphethwe ingculaza nalo liye landa ngokushesha,” kubika i-New York Times. Izibalo ezahlanganiswa i-United Nations Joint Program ephathelene ne-H.I.V. kanye nengculaza zibonisa ukuthi ngo-1995 abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,3 babegula benezimpawu zengculaza, okuwukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-25 ngaphezu kwenani langonyaka owandulele. Manje kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-21 emhlabeni wonke bane-HIV, futhi amaphesenti acishe abe ngu-42 abo angabantu besifazane. Abanye abantu abangu-7500 bangenwa yileli gciwane usuku ngalunye. Izigidi eziningi zezingane nazo kuthiwa zinalo. Ukugula ubangwe nezibi kwenzeka cishe ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi igciwane likungenile. Umbiko we-UN ulinganisela ukuthi abantu abangu-980 000 babulawa izifo ezihlobene nengculaza ngo-1995 futhi lokhu kuzofinyelela kwabangu-1120 000 ngo-1996. Leli gciwane liye ladlanga muva nje e-Afrika eseningizimu naseNdiya futhi kulindeleke ukuba lenze okufanayo eChina naseVietnam. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika inani lababa naleli gciwane kakade selingamaphesenti angu-16 kuya kwangu-18. Kuyakhathaza ukuthi inani labesifazane abasha abangenwe yileli gciwane landa ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezingane ezizalwa yilaba besifazane nayo izoba nalo leli gciwane.
Qaphela Leso Sivinini!
Ukushayela ngesivinini esikhulu kubulala abantu baseBrithani abayinkulungwane unyaka ngamunye futhi kulimaze abangu-77 000, kubika i-Daily Telegraph yaseLondon. Ngisho nokuhamba ngesivinini esinqunyiwe kungase kungalondeki ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Izingozi ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti ayishumi ezenzeka emigwaqweni okuhanjwa kuyo ngesivinini esikhulu zibangelwa ukusondela eduze kakhulu emotweni engaphambili. I-British Highway Code itusa ukuba ushiye isikhala semizuzwana emibili phakathi kwakho nemoto engaphambili, kodwa kufanele siphindwe kabili uma umgwaqo umanzi noma ushelela noma ungaboni kahle. Ukulandela eduze akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi akuphephile; kuyakhathaza futhi kucindezele. Ngokuvamile abashayeli bakhononda ngokuthi lapho beshiya isikhala esikahle, kuvele kungene enye imoto phambi kwabo. Nokho, okuwukuphela kwendlela elondekile yokubhekana nalokhu ukunciphisa isivinini nokuvula isikhala. Ukuvele uhlale phezu kwamabhuleki kungadala izingozi, ngakho hlala uqaphele iziphazamiso ezingase zibe khona. Ukuba kwemoto nomshini owenza amasondo aqhubeke ehamba lapho ubhuleka akulinciphisi ibanga elidingwa imoto ngaphambi kokuba ime. Umqeqeshi wezokushayela uPaul Ripley uthi: “Isivinini esilondekile kunoma iziphi izimo ngokuvamile siphansi kakhulu kunalokho umshayeli asuke ekuqaphela.”
Bodokotela Abahlinzayo, Qaphelani Enikushoyo
Abacwaningi base-Erasmus University eNetherlands baye bathola ukuthi iziguli ezihlinzwayo ziyakwazi “ukuzwa,” ngisho noma zilaliswe ngomjovo. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli ezingu-240 zatshelwa uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama elalishiwo ngesikhathi zihlinzwa zase zicelwa ukuba ziqedele ngokusho igama lokuqala elifika engqondweni. Ngisho nangemva kwamahora angu-24, iziguli eziningi zazikwazi ukukhumbula amagama ayeshiwo kanye nje. Abacwaningi bathi lokhu kusikisela ukuthi iziguli ezilaliswe ngomjovo “zingayilalela ingxoxo” lapho zihlinzwa futhi zingayizwa inkulumo embi noma eyinhlamba. I-Research Reports From the Netherlands, eyakhishwa i-Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, iyaphetha: “Khona-ke izisebenzi zezokwelapha kudingeka ziqaphele ingxoxo yazo lapho zihlinza.”
“Isifo Sokuhlanya Kwezinkomo”
◼ Ukuqubuka “kwesifo sokuhlanya kwezinkomo” eBrithani kuye kwaveza iqiniso eselinesikhathi eside likhona ngokukhiqizwa kwezilwane. Izilwane ziye zashintshwa ekubeni ezidla uhlaza ngokwemvelo zenziwa zadla inyama ngokunikezwa izitho zezinye izilwane. Igazi elomisiwe, ithambo eligayiwe, nokudla okwenziwe ngenyama, noma ukudla okuhlanganisa amathumbu agayiwe, umfunkulu, ubuchopho, nezinye izitho zangaphakathi, njengobende, uqhoqhoqho, nezinso, njalo kusetshenziswa ngomzamo wokonga, wokwandisa inzuzo, nowokusheshisa ukukhula kwezilwane. Lapho inkonyane elivamile lifinyelela izinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, lisuke selondliwe ngamakhilogremu angu-12 okudla okwenziwa ngezimvuthu zenyama yezinye izilwane, kusho uDkt. Harash Narang, ongomunye wochwepheshe abaqala ukuxwayisa ngalesi sifo. Ekhuluma ngokuvakashela kwakhe emadeleni uthi, “ngamangala. Empeleni sasakha inkomo ngenye inkomo. Kimina lokho ubuzimu.”
◼ Ngakolunye uhlangothi oluhle, omunye umlimi waseBrithani onezinkomo zobisi uthole indlela yokusebenzisa izinkomo ezindala angenakukwazi ukuzidayisa ngenjongo yokuthola inzuzo ngenxa yokwesatshwa “kwesifo sokuhlanya kwezinkomo.” Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Newsweek, uzisebenzisa njengamabhodi ezimemezelo zokukhangisa. Ubeka amabhodi okukhangisa okuthile phezu kwezinkomo zakhe eziklaba eduze komgwaqo omkhulu omatasa futhi uthola cishe u-R170 ngenkomo eyodwa ngesonto. Umlimi wathi: “Kufanele sifune izindlela ezintsha zokwenza imali. Kwabonakala kuyindlela enhle ngezinkomo ukuba zingenise imali ngokugcinwa kwazo.”