Indlela Yokugwema Isikweleti

KULEZI zikhathi ezishintshayo, ukusingatha imali yomkhaya kungaba inselele. Ungabhekana kanjani nalenselele ngokuphumelelayo?

Ikhambi akulona iholo elengeziwe. Ochwepheshe bezezimali bathi ikhambi lihlobene nokuqaphela ukuthi imali ivelaphi nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani kanye nokuzimisela ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ube nohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali.

Ukunqoba Izithiyo Zokuba Nohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Nokho, uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali “lubangela imicabango eminingi engajabulisi,” kusho umeluleki wezezimali, uGrace Weinstein. Ngakho, abantu abaningi bamane bangalwenzi. Futhi abanye bahlanganisa isidingo sokuba nohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali neholo eliphansi noma ukuntuleka kwemfundo. Kodwa ngisho nezifundiswa ezihola imali eningi zinezinkinga zezimali. Umeluleki othile wezezimali uthi: “Elinye lamakhasimende ami okuqala lalihola u-$187 000 [R813 000] ngonyaka . . . Isikweleti salo samakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti sasingaphansana nje kuka-$95 000 [R413 000].”

UMichael, okukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili, wayenesinye isizathu esasimenza abe madolonzima ukufuna iseluleko sezimali. Uyavuma: “Ngangesaba ukuthi abanye bayongibheka njengomuntu owenza izinto njengengane noyisiwula.” Kodwa ukwesaba okunjalo akusekelwe ndawo. Ukusebenzisa imali nokuyihola kudinga amakhono ahlukene, futhi abantu abaningi abakuqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa imali. Isisebenzi esithile sezenhlalakahle sithi: “Siphothula esikoleni esiphakeme sazi okwengeziwe ngonxantathu onezinhlangothi ezimbili ezilinganayo kunangendlela yokulondoloza imali.”

Nokho, kulula ukufunda ukwenza uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali. Kuhilela ukwenza uhlu lweholo nohlu lwezindleko—bese ugcina izindleko zingaledluli iholo lakho. Eqinisweni, ukwenza uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kungaba okujabulisayo, futhi ukulusebenzisa kungaba okwanelisayo.

Indlela Yokulwenza

Ake siqale ngokwenza uhlu lweholo. Kwabaningi bethu, lokhu kufanele kube lula ngoba ngokuvamile kuhilela izinto ezimbalwa kuphela—iholo, inzalo yemali oyilondoloze ebhange, njalonjalo.

Kodwa ungathembeli eholweni ongaqiniseki ngalo, njengelokusebenza isikhathi esengeziwe, amabhonasi, noma izipho. Abeluleki bezezimali baxwayisa ngokuthi ukuhlela uthembele eholweni ongaqiniseki ngalo kungakufaka esikweletini. Uma uthola imali enjalo, ungase ukhethe ukuyisebenzisela ukuzijabulisa wena nomkhaya wakho, ukusiza abanye abaswelayo, noma ukunikela emsebenzini ofanele.

Nokho, ukwenza uhlu lwezindleko kungaba okuphica kakhulu. URobert noRhonda, okukhulunywe ngabo ezihlokweni ezandulelayo, babengaqondi ukuthi ishonaphi imali yabo ababeyisebenzela kanzima. URobert uchaza indlela abayixazulula ngayo lenkinga: “Inyanga eyodwa sobabili sasiphatha isigqebhezana sephepha futhi sibhale noma yimalini esiyisebenzisayo. Sasibhala ngisho nemali esiyisebenzisela ukuthenga ikhofi. Futhi ekupheleni kosuku ngalunye, sasibhala amanani ebhukwini lohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali engangilithengile.”

Ukubhala phansi ngokucophelela yonke imali oyisebenzisayo kungakusiza ukuba uthole noma iyiphi ‘imali eyimfihlakalo’ enyamalalayo. Nokho, uma uyazi indlela osebenzisa ngayo imali, ungase unqume ukungalwenzi uhlu oluningiliziwe lwemali oyisebenzisayo usuku ngalunye kodwa wenze uhlu lwezindleko zanyanga zonke.

Ukwenza Uhlu Lwezindleko Zanyanga Zonke

Ungase ufune ukwenza ishadi elifana naleli eliboniswe ngenhla. Ngaphansi kohlu oluthi “Imali Esetshenziswayo,” bhala inani lemali oyisebenzisa entweni ngayinye okwamanje. Nciphisa inani lezihloko eziyinhloko, usebenzise izihloko ezinjengezithi “ukudla,” “indawo yokuhlala,” nesithi “izingubo zokugqoka.” Nokho, ungazishiyi izihlokwana ezifanele. KuRobert noRhonda, ingxenye enkulu yemali yabo yayiqedwa ukudla emathilomu, ukuhlukanisa imali abayisebenzisela “ukudla emathilomu” nemali abayisebenzisela “ukudla kwasendlini” kwaba usizo. Uma ukujabulela ukungenisa izihambi, lokhu nakho kungaba isihlokwana ngaphansi kwesithi “ukudla.” Iphuzu liwukwenza ishadi lomuntu siqu futhi elibonisa izinto ozithandayo.

Lapho wenza ishadi lakho, ungakhohlwa izindleko okufanele zikhokhwe phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu, eziyisithupha, njalo ngonyaka, nezinye izindleko zangezikhathi ezithile, njengokukhokhela umshwalense nezintela. Nokho, ukuze uzifake eshadini lenyanga, kuyodingeka uhlukanise lelo nani ngenani elifanele lezinyanga.

Into ebalulekile ohlwini lwezindleko isihloko esithi “imali elondolozwayo.” Nakuba abaningi bengase bangacabangi ukuthi ukulondoloza imali kuyizindleko, uyobe wenza ngokuhlakanipha lapho usebenzisa ingxenye ethile yeholo lakho lenyanga lapho kunezimo eziphuthumayo noma izinjongo ezikhethekile. UGrace Weinstein ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokufaka imali elondolozwayo ohlwini lwezindleko zakho: “Uma uhluleka ukulondoloza okungenani amaphesenti amahlanu eholo lakho ngemva kokukhokha intela (futhi leso isilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu), kuyodingeka uthathe izinyathelo ezinqala. Yeka ukuthenga izinto ngesikweleti, hlela kabusha indlela yakho yokuphila, futhi ucabangele izinto ozidingayo.” Yebo, qikelela ukuba kube nemali oyilondolozayo emalini ohlela ukuyisebenzisa ngenyanga.

Ukuze ulondeke phakathi nesikhathi okungenzeka ungasebenzi ngaso, ngokuvamile manje kutuswa ukuba uzame ukulondoloza imali ongayikhipha noma nini uma uyidinga yeholo okungenani lezinyanga eziyisithupha. “Uma wenyuselwa imali,” kusho umeluleki othile wezezimali, “londoloza ingxenye yayo.” Ingabe unomuzwa wokuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuyilondoloza leyo mali?

Cabangela uLaxmi Bai, ompofu kakhulu njengabaningi basemaphandleni aseNdiya. Waqala ukubeka ebhodweni lobumba inkeshezana yelayisi ayeliphekela umkhaya wakhe nsuku zonke. Ngezikhathi ezithile, wayelidayisa leli layisi futhi alondoloze imali ebhange. Lesi kwakuyisinyathelo sokuthola imali ebolekisayo ebhange ukuze asize indodana yakhe ukuba yakhe indawo yokukhanda amabhayisekili. I-India Today ibika ukuthi ukulondoloza imadlana ethile kanjalo kuye kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphileni kwabantu abaningi. Lokhu kuye kwenza ukuba abanye bazimele ngokwezimali.

Nokho, ukuba nohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali olulinganiselayo kungaphezu kokwenza uhlu lweholo nolwezindleko. Kuhilela ukuba nezindleko ezingaledluli iholo lakho, okungase kuhilele ukunciphisa imali oyisebenzisayo.

Ingabe Kusemqoka?

Phawula isihloko esithi “Kusemqoka?” efomini elisekhasini 9. Kubalulekile ukulucabangela loluhlu, ikakhulukazi uma uthola ukuthi ingqikithi esohlwini oluthi “Imali Ezosetshenziswa” ingaphezu kweholo lakho. Nokho, ukunquma ukuthi into isemqoka noma cha nokuthi ingakanani imali ongayisebenzisela yona kungaba inselele. Kungaba inselele ikakhulukazi kulezi zikhathi ezishintshayo lapho sihlaselwa ngemikhiqizo eminingi emisha ekhangiswa njengezinto ezidingekayo. Kungaba usizo ukuhlaziya izinto ngendlela yokuthi ziyadingeka ngempela, izinto okungabazekayo ukuthi ziyadingeka, noma izinto ezithandekayo zokunethezeka.

Hlola izindleko ngazinye ohlwini olwenzile, futhi ngemva kokuzihlaziya, ohlwini oluthi “Kusemqoka?” bhala u-“Y [Yebo]” uma leyonto isemqoka ngempela; ubhale i-“?” uma kuyinto okungabazekayo ukuthi iyadingeka; bese ubhala u-“T [Thandeka]” uma kuyinto ethandekayo yokunethezeka. Khumbula, ingqikithi esohlwini oluthi “Imali Ezosetshenziswa” akufanele ibe nkulu kunemali oyihola ngenyanga!

Izinto eziphawulwe ngokuthi “?” nangokuthi “T” ngokusobala yizona ongazikhipha kuqala. Kungase kungadingeki ukuba lezo zindleko zikhishwe ngokuphelele. Iphuzu liwukuba uhlole into ngayinye ukuze uthole ukuthi izindleko ziyifanele yini bese unciphisa ngokufanelekile. URobert noRhonda babona ohlwini lwabo ukuthi babechitha u-$500 (R2175) ngenyanga ngokudla emathilomu. Kwakuwumkhuba abase bengene shí kuwo ngoba bobabili babengakwazi ukupheka. Kodwa uRhonda wathatha isinyathelo sokukufunda futhi uthi: “Manje sengiyakujabulela ukupheka, futhi ngokuvamile sidla ekhaya.” URobert uyanezela: “Manje sidla emathilomu kuphela uma kuyizikhathi ezikhethekile noma lapho kudingekile.”

Ukushintsha kwezimo zakho kungase kubangele ukuba uhlolisise kabusha ukuthi yini esemqoka. Njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni sokuqala, iholo lika-Anthony lehla kakhulu. Lasuka ku-$48-000 (R209 000) ngonyaka laba ngaphansi kuka-$20 000 (R87 000) futhi lahlala linjalo iminyaka emibili. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe, kungase kudingeke ukuba wenze uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali ongaphephela kulo, ukhiphe zonke izinto ezingadingekile.

U-Anthony wenza lokho kanye. Ngokusebenzisa imali encane kakhulu ekuthengeni ukudla, izingubo zokugqoka, ekusebenziseni izinto zokuhamba nezokuzilibazisa, wazikhandla ukuze angalahlekelwa indlu yakhe.a Uthi: “Njengomkhaya kwadingeka sinqume izinto esasizidinga ngempela nezinto esasizifuna futhi siye sazuza kulokhu. Manje sesiyakwazi ukwaneliseka ngokuncane.”

Nciphisa Isikweleti

Isikweleti esingalawulwa singabhuntshisa imizamo yakho yokuphila ngemali onayo. Nakuba isikweleti sesikhathi eside sokuthenga izinto eziyigugu njengendlu enesikweleti esandayo singaba inzuzo, izikweleti zamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti ezisetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izinto zansuku zonke zingaba inhlekelele. Ngakho “ungakhokhi izikweleti ngekhadi,” kusho i-Newsweek.

Ochwepheshe bezezimali bakhuthaza ukuthi ukhokhe izikweleti zakho zamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti ngisho noma kudingeka ukuba ukhiphe imali oyilondolozile. Akunangqondo neze ukuba nesikweleti esinenzalo enkulu kuyilapho ulondoloze imali enenzalo encane. Beqaphela lokhu, uMichael noReena bakhokha izikweleti zabo zamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti ngemali ye-bond ababeyilondolozile, futhi banquma ukuba bangaphinde bangene kuleso simo futhi.

URobert noRhonda, njengoba babengenayo leyo mali, basebenzisa uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali ababephephela kulo. URobert uthi: “Ngenza i-bar graph oqwembeni olumhlophe ebonisa indlela isikweleti sethu esasizokwehla ngayo inyanga ngenyanga ngase ngilengisa lolu qwembe ekamelweni lethu lokulala lapho sasizolubona khona njalo ekuseni. Lokhu kwakusikhuthaza nsuku zonke.” Ekupheleni konyaka, yeka ukuthi babejabule kanjani ngokuthi base besiqedile isikweleti sabo samakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti esingu-$6000 (R26 100)!

Kwamanye amazwe ngisho nezibambiso aziseyona inzuzo njengakuqala. Futhi ukuthenga indlu kungagcina kukubize imali eningi ngenxa yenzalo. Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise ukubiza kwezibambiso? “Khokha idiphozi engaphezu kwaleyo efunwa ibhange noma uthenge indlu engabizi kakhulu,” kululeka i-Newsweek. “Uma kakade usunendlu, gwema isilingo sokuthenga indlu engcono.”

Ungayinciphisa kakhulu imali ebolekisayo yokuthenga imoto ngokukhokha idiphozi enkulu. Kodwa kuyodingeka ukulondolozele imali kusengaphambili lokhu ngokukufaka ohlelweni lomkhaya wakho lokusetshenziswa kwemali. Futhi kuthiwani ngokuthenga imoto eyisekeni esesimweni esihle?b Ukubiza kwayo kancane kungase kusho ukungakhokhi imali eyengeziwe. Ungase ukwazi ngisho nokuyithenga ngaphandle kokungena esikweletini.

Ingabe Uyophumelela?

Ukuphumelela kohlelo lwakho lokusetshenziswa kwemali kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni luvumelana kangakanani nezimo zakho. “Ngeke lusebenze uma imali yomkhaya ebekelwe eceleni incane kangangokuba ningeke niyiqede inyanga ngayo,” kusho omunye umbhangqwana oye walusebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo uhlelo lwawo lokusetshenziswa kwemali.

Esinye isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni uhlelo lomkhaya lokusetshenziswa kwemali lusebenze ukukhulumisana okuhle phakathi kwamalungu omkhaya. Labo abathintwa yilolu hlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kufanele bathole ithuba lokuzwakalisa uvo nemizwa yabo ngaphandle kokujivazwa. Uma amalungu omkhaya ahilelekile eziqonda izidingo nezinto ezifunwa ilungu ngalinye futhi eqaphela ngempela ukuthi sinjani isimo somkhaya sezimali, ngokunokwenzeka kuyoba nokubambisana okungcono namathuba angcono okuba luphumelele uhlelo lomkhaya lokusetshenziswa kwemali.

Kulezi zikhathi ezibucayi, njengoba isimo sezwe siqhubeka sishintsha, kuyanda ukucindezeleka komkhaya ngokwezimali. (2 Thimothewu 3:1; 1 Korinte 7:31) Kudingeka sisebenzise “ukuhlakanipha okusebenzayo” ekubhekaneni nezinselele zokuphila kwanamuhla. (IzAga 2:7, NW) Ukuba nohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kungase kube yiyo kanye into engakusiza ukuba wenze lokho.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 11]

Hlola into ngayinye ukuze uthole ukuthi ziyifanele yini lezo zindleko

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 12]

Qaphela inzalo yamakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti!

[Ishadi ekhasini 9]

ISHADI LEZINDLEKO ZANYANGA ZONKE NELOKUHLAZIYA Inyanga

IZINDLEKO Imali Esetshenzisiwe Kusemqoka? Imali Ezosetshenziswa

Ukudla:

Ukudla kwasendlini

Ukudla emathilomu

Ukungenisa izihambi

Indawo yokuhlala:

Izibambiso noma kukhokhwa intela

Izinto eziwusizo

Izingubo zokugqoka

Izinto zokuhamba

Izipho

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Imali elondolozwayo

Izintela

Umshwalense

Ingxubevange

INGQIKITHI (qhathanisa neholo)

IHOLO NGENYANGA

Amaholo

Indawo ekhokhelwayo (uma ikhona)

Inzalo yemali elondolozwayo

INGQIKITHI (qhathanisa nezindleko)

[Isithombe ekhasini 10]

Ukukhulumisana okuhle komkhaya kubalulekile ukuze uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali luphumelele