Ipopocatepetl—Intaba-mlilo Enkulu, Ewusongo YaseMexico
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EMEXICO
UNGATHANDA yini ukuhlala eduze kwentaba-mlilo enhle kodwa ewusongo? Mhlawumbe ungangabaza. Nokho, lesi isimo esingokoqobo sezinkulungwane zabantu abahlala emadolobhaneni aseduze nentaba-mlilo enkulu iPopocatepetl, eMexico.
Umlando Walentaba-mlilo
Igama layo ngesiNahuatl lisho ukuthi “iNtaba” noma “iGquma Elithunqayo.” Ingamamitha angu-5452 ukuphakama futhi isezintabeni zaseSierra Nevada, esifundazweni sasePuebla, ngasemingceleni yesifundazwe saseMexico nesaseMorelos. Inesiqongo esihle, esikhulu futhi esihlala simbozwe yiqhwa unyaka wonke. Eminyakeni edlule, lentaba-mlilo enhle iye yaphazamisa izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni kulendawo ngokuqhuma izikhathi ezingaba ngu-16 phakathi kuka-1347 no-1927. Nokho, akukho kulokhu kuqhuma okwakukukhulu.
Lentaba-mlilo iphakathi kwezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ezingamadolobha: idolobha lasePuebla, elingamakhilomitha angu-44 ngasempumalanga nedolobha laseMexico, elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-70 ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esifundazweni sasePuebla, kunamadolobhana angu-307 anabantu abangu-400 000, aseduze kwalentaba-mlilo. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi akubona bonke laba bantu abahlala ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu, ithonya kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo ukuqhuma okukhulu kwePopocatepetl okungaba nalo kubo lingaba libi kakhulu kuleyo ndawo.
Ekupheleni kuka-1994, kwakunezinsolo ezandayo zokuthi lentaba-mlilo ingaqhuma—kangangokuba kwashaywa inhlabamkhosi futhi abantu baqala ukuthutha ngokushesha. Ngo-December 21, 1994, kwavela okungenani izimbobo ezintathu phansi emgodini walentaba-mlilo, lapho kwakuphuma khona igesi nesisi. Ukuchitheka komlotha, okwasakazeka endaweni enkulu kwaze kwayofinyelela edolobheni lasePuebla, kwakungaba amathani angaba ngu-5 000. Khona-ke uhulumeni wamisa uhlelo lokuthutha abantu abangaba ngu-50 000, abangu-30 000 kubo abakhoseliswa ezikhungweni zosizo.
OFakazi BakaJehova nabo basabela ngokungenisa ezindlini labo ababeswele. (Qhathanisa nezEnzo 4:32-35.) Umbiko wekomiti yosizo yoFakazi uthi: “Naphezu kwesikhathi nesimo esiphuthumayo, kwakumangalisa ukusabela kwabafowethu basedolobheni lasePuebla nezindawo zangakhona. Kwenziwa amalungiselelo okukhoselisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-600. Isiteshi sethelevishini esithile sathi: ‘OFakazi BakaJehova basabela ngokushesha. Bathutha abafowabo ngokushesha endaweni eyingozi.’”
Intaba-mlilo Iyaqhuma
Ngokokwaziswa okusemthethweni, ngoLwesibili, ngo-March 5, 1996, ngo-3:50 ekuseni, kwaphawulwa ukwanda okungalindelekile ekuzamazameni kwalentaba-mlilo, mhlawumbe okuhlobene nokuvulwa kwemisele emikhulu yigesi nesisi ngo-December 21, 1994. Izithombe nokwaziswa okwatholakala kwaqinisekisa ukuthi lemisele yayivalwe umlotha, okwabangela ukwenyuka komfutho ngaphakathi kulentaba-mlilo. Lomfutho ekugcineni waphinda wayivula lemisele.
Iphephandaba i-Universal langoLwesibili, ngo-April 9, 1996, lathi: “IPopocatepetl yaphuma udaka emgodini, ngakho ososayensi neziphathi-mandla ze-Civil Protection Agency [Inhlangano Yezokuvikelwa Komphakathi] baqaphile, ngenxa yokwanda kokuzamazama kulentaba-mlilo.” Lombiko wathi lezi zinguquko “zenza ‘indingilizi,’ ezogcwalisa ‘imisele’ yePopocatepetl ezinyangeni ezizayo, okungase kubangele ukuchichimela ngaphandle.”
NgoLwesine, ngo-May 2, 1996, emhlanganweni owawusedolobheni lasePuebla, kwaxoxwa ngesimo esisha sentaba-mlilo iPopocatepetl. UDkt. Servando de la Cruz Reyna, ilungu le-Institute of Geophysics eNational Autonomous University of Mexico, wathi: “Ngokuvamile, lokhu kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu . . . Ngaso sonke isikhathi kunokwenzeka ukuba lentaba-mlilo iqhume nakakhulu. Lokhu kungenzeka, futhi asikuphiki nakancane.”
Kuye kwaba nokugxeka kokuthi ngisho noma uhulumeni ukhuluma ngezinhlelo zokwakha izindlu nezindlela zokuthutha futhi kuba nemihlangano yokunikeza abantu iziqondiso, iqiniso liwukuthi abantu abahlala kulesi sifunda banomuzwa wokuthi abakatholi siqondiso esicacile ngendlela yokuphepha uma lentaba-mlilo iqhuma. Ngokwesibonelo, emhlanganweni okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, abameleli abahlukahlukene bamadolobhana aseduze nalentaba-mlilo bakhononda bethi abazange baziswe ukuthi yisiphi isikhungo noma izikhungo zosizo abangaya kuzo uma kuvela inhlekelele.
Izixwayiso ebezilokhu zikhishwa yilentaba-mlilo kufanele zithathwe ngokungathi sína. Ngokungangabazeki abantu abahlakaniphile bayokwenza noma yini ukuze bavikele ukuphila kwabo, ngisho noma bengalahlekelwa izinto ezibonakalayo. OFakazi BakaJehova abahlala kuleyo ndawo bebelokhu bezilungiselela ukuthutha kulesi sifunda uma kuba nesidingo. Ikomiti yosizo iye yabelwa ukuvakashela oFakazi abakulendawo njalo, ibanikeza iziqondiso ngalokho abangakwenza lapho kuvela inhlekelele. Abanye abahlala eduze kwalendawo eyingozi baye bakhuthazwa ukuba basishiye leso sifunda kusenesikhathi, njengoba izazi zezintaba-mlilo ziye zaxwayisa ngokucacile ngokuthi lentaba-mlilo iyingozi esongelayo. Ngokusobala, leso sinqumo sishiyelwe emkhayeni ngamunye.
Okwamanje, abantu abahlala ezindaweni eziseduze nalentaba-mlilo baphila ngendlela evamile. Nokho, ukuhluzeka kwengqondo kubonisa ukuthi abantu kufanele bahlale bephaphamele noma yisiphi isixwayiso salentaba-mlilo noma seziphathi-mandla esingase sibonise ukuthi isimo siyaphuthuma. Akukhona ukuhlakanipha ukuhlala uzishaya indiva izixwayiso zalentaba-mlilo enkulu kodwa ewusongo iPopocatepetl.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 20]
Okutuswayo Lapho Kuvela Inhlekelele
I-National Center for the Prevention of Disasters iye yanikeza uhlu lwezinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele inhlekelele:
• Yazi indlela yokubaleka. (Yiya ezindaweni eziphakeme, hhayi ezindaweni eziyizigodi lapho udaka lwentaba-mlilo noma amanzi kungagelezela khona)
• Hlala unepotimende elilungele indlela elinezincwadi ezinemininingwane yakho siqu, imithi yokwelapha, amanzi, izingubo zokushintsha (kutuswa ukuba kube okuthile okuqinile okwemboza umzimba wonke), isigqoko, iduku lokuvala ikhala nomlomo, isibani esisebenza ngamabhetri, umsakazo, amabhetri nengubo yokulala
• Yenza amalungiselelo nezihlobo ezingakunikeza indawo yokulala ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukusebenzisa izindawo zomphakathi zokukhosela
• Thatha izinto ozidingayo kuphela. Ungazithathi izilwane ezifuywayo
• Yazi indlela yokuthola izindawo zomphakathi zokukhosela
• Cisha ugesi uvale namanzi
• Hlala uzolile