Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukusetshenziswa Kabi Kwemithi Yokwelapha Egunyazwa Odokotela

Iphephandaba laseMelbourne i-Herald Sun libika ukuthi esifundazweni saseVictoria, e-Australia, “abantu base-Australia bachitha imali engama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu [amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-11,1] ngonyaka emithini yokwelapha futhi bayaqhubeka beluthwa imithi yokudambisa izinhlungu egunyazwa odokotela.” Ungqongqoshe wezempilo waseVictoria waxwayisa ngokuthi “ukusetshenziswa kabi kwemithi yokwelapha egunyazwa odokotela kungena ngesinyenyela futhi kungaba ubuthi empilweni nasendleleni yokuphila njengezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni.” Waphinda wazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngemibiko yokuthi abantu abaningi sebeya ‘kodokotela abaningi’ ukuze bathole imithi eminingi egunyaziwe. Amanye amaphilisi ayalondolozwa, abese egxotshwa efakwa ngomjovo emithanjeni yegazi. Ngokokunye ukuhlola, inani labantu abasebenzisa imithi yokudambisa izinhlungu bengayisebenziseli ukwelashwa okusemthethweni landa lisuka emaphesentini amathathu ngo-1993 laya emaphesentini ayishumi nambili ngo-1995.

Izisulu Ezingenacala ERwanda

Phakathi nokubulawa kwabantu abaningi eRwanda muva nje, kwadlwengulwa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabesifazane futhi abanye bagcinwa njengezigqila zobulili. Ezimweni eziningi abadlwenguli kwakuyiwo kanye amadoda ayebulale ngesihluku abayeni balaba besifazane nezihlobo. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-35 ezisulu zokudlwengulwa akhulelwa. Abanye besifazane bakhetha ukukhipha izisu nokubulala izinsana njengendlela yokuxazulula inkinga yabo; abanye babashiya dengwane abantwana noma babanikela ekubeni izingane zokutholwa. Nokho, “ngokwezilinganiso ezingeqisi, kunabantwana abangafuneki abangu-2000 kuya kwabangu-5000 eRwanda onina abadlwengulwa phakathi nempi yombango,” kubika i-New York Times. Abafelokazi abaningi nabantwana babo baye bakhishwa inyumbazana emiphakathini yakubo. I-Times iphawula ukuthi “abesifazane abaningi baye bakuthola kunzima ukuthola abayeni abasha noma ukuqala ukuphila okusha.” Lapho bebona abantwana babo abanye omama bakhunjuzwa njalo ngokuhlazeka kwabo nokufa kwabathandekayo. Ngenxa yalezi zinkumbulo ezibuhlungu, abanye omama bakuthola kunzima ukubonisa abantwana babo uthando.

Izinkinga Zezinyawo

Ngokwezilinganiso ezenziwa uMnyango Wezempilo We-Federal Association of Physicians eJalimane, ingxenye yezakhamuzi zakulelozwe inezinkinga zezinyawo. “Abantu abaningi bayakudebeselela ukunakekela izinyawo zabo noma bazixhaphaza ngokufaka izicathulo ezimpintshayo noma ezilimaza impilo yabo ngandlela-thile,” kubika iphephandaba i-Nassauische Neue Presse. Ukufaka njalo izicathulo eziphakeme noma ezingakulingani kahle kungabangela ubuhlungu emadolweni, ezinqulwini, noma eqolo. Izifo ezibangelwa isikhunta, njenge-athlete’s foot ne-mycosis, nazo sezanda ngokwengeziwe. Isinyathelo sokuzivikela esituswa i-Federal Association of Physicians “siwukugezisisa yonke insipho nokusulisisa phakathi kwezinzwane.”

Ukuluthwa Ukuthenga

E-Ireland ukuthenga njalo “sekubhekwa njengokulutheka futhi kuhlanganiswa nokuluthwa utshwala, izidakamizwa, ukugembula nokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla njengokulutheka okungathi sína okungokomzwelo nokungokwengqondo okudinga usizo lobuchwepheshe,” kusho i-Irish Times. Izisulu zalokhu kulutheka zingase zichithe imali eshisiwe zithenga izinto ezingazidingi. Lombiko uyachaza: “Ukwesasa okubangelwa ukuthenga izingubo zokugqoka kubangela ukukhiqizwa kwe-dopamine ne-serotonin emzimbeni, okubangela umuzwa wokunethezeka.” Kumthengi oluthekile, njengasemlutheni wezidakamizwa, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola ukwesasa.

“Iqembu Elifufusayo Lezibukeli Ze-TV”

Ukuhlolwa kwemikhaya engu-21-000 e-Italy kuye kwembula ukuthi iningi labantwana base-Italy libuka kakhulu i-TV. Iphephandaba i-Repubblica laphawula ukuthi “iqembu elifufusayo lezibukeli ze-TV” lijwayela ukusebenzisa i-remote control onyakeni wokuqala lizelwe. Abantwana base-Italy abangaphezu kwezigidi ezine abaphakathi kweminyaka emithathu neyishumi ubudala babuka i-TV, bayigqolozele cishe isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amabili nengxenye ngosuku. Ochwepheshe bempilo yengqondo bakhathazekile ngokuthi abantwana abaningi abanezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili ubudala kakade sebebuka kakhulu i-TV.

Abesifazane Nokuzibulala

“Kunabantu abangu-4 500 abazibulalayo eBrithani unyaka ngamunye: abesilisa abahlanu kowesifazane oyedwa,” kubika i-Times yaseLondon. Kodwa inani labesifazane abasebasha abazibulalayo abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-15 nengu-24 ubudala liye landa kakhulu kuleminyaka emine edlule. Uprofesa othile e-University of Southampton wachaza eyodwa yezinto ezingaba imbangela: “Abesifazane abasebasha bafuna ukuyenza kahle imisebenzi yabo ngesikhathi esifanayo babhekane nezingcindezi zokunakekela umkhaya. Omama abasebasha besigaba esiphakathi baqasha abazanyana ukuze bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Ngemva kwalokho bayadabuka babe nomuzwa wecala. Imizimba yabo ibatshela ukuthi kufanele babe omama kanti imiqondo yabo ibatshela ukuthi kufanele bayosebenza bondle imikhaya yabo.” Loprofesa ukholelwa ukuthi ukunqwabelana kwalokhu kucindezeleka nezingcindezi kungase kuholele abaningi ekuzibulaleni.

“Isizinda Sembulunga Yonke” Sengculaza

Izwe laseNdiya ‘linjengesitimela esigijimayo esibheke enhlekeleleni’ futhi ngokushesha liba “isizinda sembulunga yonke sohlupho olubhubhisa kunazo zonke ezake zahlasela isintu,” kusho ukuhlola okusha okwenziwa iThames Valley University, eLondon. Ngokufanayo, uDkt. Peter Piot, umphathi wohlelo lwengculaza lweZizwe Ezihlangene, emhlanganweni we-11 wengculaza wathi iNdiya ngokungazelele iye yaba yizwe elinenani eliphakeme kakhulu labantu abangenwe igciwane lengculaza—abangaphezu kwezigidi ezintathu kubantu bakhona abayizigidi ezingu-950. Ngokwephephandaba i-Indian Express, ukuhlola okuthile kulinganisela ukuthi izifebe zivakashelwa njalo amaphesenti ayishumi amadoda angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-223 ahlanganyela ubulili eNdiya. Izifebe ezisebenzela ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemadolobheni futhi okutholakala ukuthi zingenwe yileli gciwane ngokuvamile zithunyelwa emadolobheni akubo lapho ukungaziwa kwalesi sifo kukukhulu khona nezikhungo zezokwelapha zisezingeni eliphansi kunasemadolobheni kwandisa ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo ngokushesha. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2000, iNdiya iyobe inabantu abayizigidi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili abane-HIV kanye nabantu okungenani abayisigidi abanengculaza.

Ukulimala Kwezemidlalo

• “Ukuqombola izintaba ngamabhayisikili kuyadlondlobala, futhi abagibeli bawo bagcina esibhedlela,” kubika i-Vancouver Sun yaseCanada. Leli phephandaba libika ukuthi phakathi kuka-1987 no-1994, inani labantu abaqombola izintaba ngamabhayisikili e-United States landa ngamaphesenti angu-512, lisuka ezigidini ezingu-1,5 laya ezigidini ezingu-9,2. Abagibeli abasaqala abashiseka ngokweqile abashova ngokungaphezu kwamandla abo emigwaqweni nasemizileni yasemaphandleni bayawa emabhayisikilini abo bese bengatholi imihuzuko kuphela kodwa balimale kabuhlungu emaqakaleni, ezihlakaleni, emahlombe nasezingqwababeni. Ezinye izingozi, nakuba zingasongeli ukuphila, zingaba nemiphumela emibi ehlala isikhathi eside. UDkt. Rui Avelar, ogxile emkhakheni wezokwelapha kwezemidlalo, ukholelwa ukuthi ukwephuka kwelinye lamathambo amancane angu-8 esihlakala kungase kungabonakali kalula kuyi-X ray. Uyaxwayisa: “Uma uwa isandla sivulekile, ungakushayi indiva.” Umuntu angagcina enesihlakala esine-osteoarthritis nomonakalo ohlala unomphela.

• “EJalimane, kwenzeka izingozi zemidlalo eziphakathi kwezigidi ezingu-1,2 nezigidi ezingu-1,5 unyaka ngamunye,” kubika i-Süddeutsche Zeitung. Izisebenzi zezokwelapha e-University of Bochum ziye zahlaziya abantu abangu-85 000 abalimala kwezokuzijabulisa nakwezemidlalo ngomzamo wokuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okunembile futhi okuningiliziwe ngabo. Abadlali bakanobhutshuzwayo babelimala cishe ngamaphesenti angu-50. Nokho, lapho kucatshangelwa inani labantu abadlala imidlalo ehlukahlukene, laba bacwaningi bathola ukuthi unobhutshuzwayo, i-handball, ne-basketball konke kunesilinganiso esifanayo sezingozi. Cishe ingozi eyodwa kwezintathu kwezemidlalo isemaqakaleni, kulandele eyodwa kwezinhlanu emadolweni.

Qaphela I-E. Coli O157:H7

“Ukubheduka kokugula okubangelwa ubuthi obusekudleni obubangelwa uhlobo lwegciwane i-E. coli . . . bekulokho kwanda emhlabeni wonke,” kuxwayisa i-New York Times. “Inani lamagciwane angaba nalobu buthi liyanda, njengoba landa nenani labangenwa yileli gciwane nabafayo emhlabeni wonke.” Lolu hlobo lwegciwane, i-O157:H7, lwaqala ukuqashelwa njengoluyinkinga ngo-1982. Nokho, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lapho selishintshile lwenza i-Shiga, ubuthi obubangela isifo sohudo esibangelwa i-Shigella. Uma singelashwa ngokushesha, lesi sifo sohudo singabangela ukopha, ukulimala kwezinso nokufa. Ngo-1993, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States, kwafa abantu abane kwagula abangu-700 ngemva kokudla ama-hamburger angavuthiwe ethilomu lokudla elithandwayo lezitolo eziyinxanxathela. Eminyakeni yamuva nje siye sabheduka nase-Afrika, e-Australia, eJapane naseYurophu. E-United States iyodwa, i-E. coli O157:H7 ingase ibe imbangela yokugula kwabantu abangu-20 000 unyaka ngamunye nokufa kwabangu-250 kuya kwabangu-500. I-Times ithi: “Abathengi bangaba sethubeni elingcono lokungabi nalesi sifo ngokuphekisisa inyama, ikakhulukazi inyama egayiwe, ukuze izinga layo lokushisa lifinyelele ama-degree Fahrenheit angu-155 [68 °C.], okuyizinga elishisa ngokwanele ukuba liqede ububomvana enyameni.”