Ukudla Kwabo Bonke Abantu—Ingabe Yiphupho Nje?
NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! E-ITALY
EMUVA ngo-1974, i-World Food Conference eyaxhaswa yi-Food and Agriculture Organization yeZizwe Ezihlangene (FAO) yamemezela: “Wonke amadoda, abesifazane nabantwana banelungelo lokungabulawa indlala nokungondleki.” Khona-ke kwenziwa isimemezelo sokuqeda indlala emhlabeni “phakathi neminyaka eyishumi.”
Nokho, lapho abameleli bamazwe angu-173 behlangana endlunkulu ye-FAO eRome ngasekupheleni konyaka odlule kuyi-World Food Summit yezinsuku ezinhlanu, babenenjongo yokubuza ukuthi: “Konakalaphi?” Akukhona nje ukuthi baye bahluleka ukulungiselela bonke abantu ukudla, kodwa manje, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamashumi amabili kamuva, isimo sibi nakakhulu.
Izindaba eziyinhloko eziphathelene nokudla, inani labantu nobumpofu ziyaphuthuma. Njengoba kwaphawula incwadi eyakhululwa kuleyo ngqungquthela, uma lezi zinkinga zingaxazululwa, “ukuzinza komphakathi emazweni nasezindaweni eziningi kungase kuthinteke kakhulu, mhlawumbe kusongele ngisho nokuthula komhlaba.” Ingqapheli ethile yalimisa ngesihloko: “Sizobhekana nokubhujiswa kwempucuko namasiko obuzwe.”
NgokoMqondisi-Jikelele we-FAO uJacques Diouf, “abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-800 namuhla abanakho ukudla okwanele; phakathi kwabo kunabantwana abayizigidi ezingu-200.” Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2025, inani labantu emhlabeni eliyizigidi ezingu-5800 elikhona manje liyobe selinyukele ezigidini ezingu-8300, kanti ukwanda okukhulu kuyokwenzeka emazweni asathuthuka. UDiouf ukhala ngokuthi: “Inani lamadoda, abesifazane nabantwana abaphucwe ilungelo labo elibafanele lokuphila nesithunzi liphakeme ngendlela eshaqisayo. Izikhalo zabantu ababulawa indlala zihambisana nosizi olungabonakali lokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukucekelwa phansi kwamahlathi nokuncipha okwandayo kwezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo.”
Yiliphi ikhambi elihlongozwayo? UDiouf uthi ikhambi lingathokalala ngokuthatha “isinyathelo sesibindi,” amazwe aswele ukudla anikezwe “ukulondeka kwezokudla” kanye namakhono, ukutshalwa kwezimali nobuchwepheshe ukuze akwazi ukuzondla.
“Ukulondeka Kwezokudla” —Kungani Kungafinyeleleki?
Ngokwencwadi eyakhululwa kulengqungquthela, “ukulondeka kwezokudla kuba khona lapho bonke abantu, ngazo zonke izikhathi, bekwazi ukuthola nokukhokhela ukudla okwanele, okuphephile nokunomsoco okuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo zokondleka futhi okuwukudla abakuthandayo ukuze ukuphila kwabo kube nempilo.”
Indlela ukulondeka kwezokudla okungabhuntshiswa ngayo yaboniswa usizi lwababaleki eZaire. Lapho ababaleki baseRwanda abayisigidi bebulawa indlala, izinhlangano ze-UN zazinokudla okwanele kokubondla. Kodwa amalungiselelo okukuthutha nokukwaba kwakufanele agunyazwe abezombangazwe bebambisene neziphathimandla zendawo—noma abakhuzi bempi bendawo uma kuyibona abalawula amakamu ababaleki. Isimo esiphuthumayo eZaire sibonisa futhi indlela okunzima ngayo ukuba umphakathi wamazwe onke wondle ababulawa indlala, ngisho nalapho ukudla kukhona. Ingqapheli ethile yaphawula: “Kufanele kuthintwane futhi kuncengwe izinhlangano namaqembu amaningi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe noma yini.”
Njengoba kwaphawula incwadi yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States, ukulondeka kwezokudla kungase kuthikanyezwe kakhulu izimbangela eziningi. Ngaphandle kwezinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo, lezi zimbangela zihlanganisa impi nezingxabano zombango, izinkambiso zezwe ezingafanele, ukuntuleka kocwaningo nobuchwepheshe obanele, ukuwohlozwa kwendawo ezungezile, ubumpofu, ukwanda kwenani labantu, ukucwasana ngokobulili nempilo ebuthaka.
Kukhona okuye kwafezwa. Kusukela ngawo-1970, isilinganiso sokudla, esiphawula ukudla okudliwayo, siye senyuka sisuka kuma-kilojoule angu-8970 saya kwangu-10 560 umuntu ngamunye ngosuku emazweni asathuthuka. Kodwa ngokwe-FAO, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantu ngezigidi zezinkulungwane ngonyaka ka-2030, “ukulondoloza amazinga amanje okutholakala kokudla kuyodinga ukwandiswa okusheshayo nokuhlala njalo komkhiqizo ukuze kwandiswe isivuno ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-75 ngaphandle kokubhubhisa imithombo engokwemvelo sonke esincike kuyo.” Ngakho umsebenzi wokondla abantu ababulawa indlala uyadumaza.
‘Sidinga Ukuthatha Isinyathelo, Hhayi Izingqungquthela Ezengeziwe’
Isimiso se-World Food Summit nezihlongozo ezenziwa khona kuye kwagxekwa kakhulu. Omunye ummeleli waseLatin America wagxeka “ukulinganiselwa” kwesicelo sokunciphisa inani labantu abangenakudla ngengxenye yezinga lamanje ngokuthi “kuyahlazisa.” Amazwe angu-15 azwakalisa ukungavumelani ngokushiwo izihlongozo ezagunyazwa kulengqungquthela. Iphephandaba lase-Italy i-Repubblica lathi ngisho nokufinyelela ekubhaleni isimemezelo nesimiso esinesizotha sezinyathelo ezizothathwa “kwadingeka ukungqubuzana nezingxoxo zokubonisana ezathatha iminyaka emibili. Kwahlaziywa wonke amazwi, wonke amakhefana ukuze amanxeba . . . angathunukali futhi.”
Abaningi abasiza ekulungiseleleni izincwadi zalengqungquthela babengajabulile ngemiphumela. Omunye wathi: “Siyangabaza ngempela ukuthi izihlongozo ezinhle ezimenyezelwe ziyofinyelelwa.” Impikiswano yayiwukuthi ingabe ukutholakala kokudla kufanele yini kuchazwe ngokuthi “ilungelo eliqashelwa emhlabeni wonke,” njengoba “ilungelo” lingase livikelwe ezinkantolo zomthetho. Ummeleli waseCanada wachaza: “AmaZwe acebile ayesaba ukuthi angase aphoqelelwe ukuba anikeze usizo. Yingakho asikisela ukuba kululazwe amazwi esinqumo.”
Ngenxa yezingxoxo ezingapheli ezingqungqutheleni ezixhaswa yi-UN, esinye isikhulu sikahulumeni eYurophu sathi: “Ngemva kokuxazulula okuningi kangaka engqungqutheleni yaseCairo [eyayiphathelene nenani labantu nentuthuko, eyaqhutshwa ngo-1994], siye sazithola sigida ndawonye engqungqutheleni ngayinye elandelayo.” Watusa: “Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuzuzisa abantu esiphila nabo kumelwe kuze kuqala, hhayi iziNgqungquthela ezengeziwe.”
Izingqapheli zaphawula nokuthi ngisho nokuba khona kulengqungquthela kwakuyizindleko eziphakeme kwamanye amazwe aciciyelayo. Elinye izwe elincane lase-Afrika lathumela izihambeli ezingu-14 kanye nongqongqoshe ababili, bonke abahlala eRome amasonto angaphezu kwamabili. Iphephandaba lase-Italy i-Corriere della Sera labika ukuthi unkosikazi kamongameli othile wase-Afrika, wasezweni lapho isilinganiso seholo lonyaka wonke singaphansi kuka-R14 600 kumuntu ngamunye, wayechithe imali engu-R102 000 ezitolo eziphambili zemfashini edolobheni laseRome.
Ingabe sikhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi iCebo Lesinyathelo elahlongozwa kulengqungquthela liyophumelela? Umlobeli othile wephephandaba uyaphendula: “Sithemba ukuthi ohulumeni bayolithatha ngokungathi sína futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuqikelela ukuthi okwatuswa kuyenziwa. Ingabe bayokwenza lokho? . . . Umlando awusinikezi sizathu sethemba.” Yena lomlobeli waphawula iqiniso elidumazayo lokuthi naphezu kokuvuma eNgqungqutheleni Yomhlaba yaseRio de Janeiro ngo-1992 ukwenyusa iminikelo yokusiza kwezentuthuko ibe ngu-0,7% wengqikithi yomkhiqizo wezwe, “amazwe ayidlanzana kuphela aye afinyelela lowo mgomo ongaphoqeleli.”
Ubani Oyokondla Ababulawa Indlala?
Umlando uye wabonisa ngokwanele ukuthi naphezu kwazo zonke izinhloso ezinhle zesintu, “indlela yomuntu ayikuye uqobo; akukuyo indoda ukuba ihambe, iqondise izinyathelo zayo.” (Jeremiya 10:23) Ngakho akunakwenzeka ukuthi abantu bebodwa balungiselele wonke umuntu ukudla. Ukuhaha, ukusaphaza nokuzigqaja kuye kwafaka isintu obishini. UMqondisi-Jikelele we-FAO uDiouf waphawula: “Uma sihlaziyisisa, okudingekayo ukushintsha kwezinhliziyo, izingqondo nezisusa.”
Lokho kungenziwa uMbuso kaNkulunkulu kuphela. Eqinisweni, emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, uJehova waprofetha ngokuphathelene nabantu bakhe: “Ngiyakufaka umthetho wami ezibilinini zabo, ngiwulobe ezinhliziyweni zabo, ngibe-nguNkulunkulu wabo, bona babe-ngabantu bami.”—Jeremiya 31:33.
Lapho uJehova uNkulunkulu elungiselela ikhaya lesintu lokuqala eliyingadi, wanikeza umuntu “yonke imifino ethela imbewu, esemhlabeni wonke, nemithi yonke okukuyo izithelo zomuthi oveza imbewu” ukuba kube ukudla. (Genesise 1:29) Lelo lungiselelo laliyinala, linomsoco futhi litholakala. Kwakuyilokho isintu esasikudinga ukuze sanelise izidingo zokudla.
Injongo kaNkulunkulu ayikashintshi. (Isaya 55:10, 11) Esikhathini eside esidlule wanikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi nguye yedwa oyokwanelisa zonke izidingo zesintu ngoMbuso wakhe ngoKristu, alungiselele ukudla kwabo bonke, aqede ubumpofu, alawule izinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo, aqede nezingxabano. (IHubo 46:8, 9; Isaya 11:9; qhathanisa noMarku 4:37-41; 6:37-44.) Ngaleso sikhathi ‘umhlaba uyothela izithelo zawo; uNkulunkulu, uNkulunkulu wethu, uyosibusisa.’ “Kuyakuba-khona inala kakolweni ezweni esiqongweni sezintaba.”—IHubo 67:6; 72:16.
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 12]
Dorothea Lange, FSA Collection, Library of Congress