Izindlebe Zakho—Isipho Okufanele Usibheke Njengesiyigugu

UKUCHITHA ubusuku obuzolile endaweni yasemaphandleni engenayo imisindo yasedolobheni kunikeza ithuba lokujabulela imisindo emihle yasebusuku. Kunomoya ohelezayo onyakazisa amaqabunga. Izinambuzane, izinyoni nezilwane zinezela ngemisindo yazo zikude. Yeka ukuthi kuhle kanjani ukuzwa leyo misindo esholo phansi! Ingabe uyayizwa?

Liyamangalisa ikhono lomuntu lokuzwa. Ake uchithe ingxenye yehora usegumbini elingenawo umsindo—igumbi elizimele lodwa elinezindonga eziklanyelwe ukungangenisi nomncane umsindo—futhi izindlebe zakho ‘ziyolenyusa kancane izinga lomsindo owuzwayo’ ukuze ukwazi ukuzwa imisindo engajwayelekile eyenziwa umzimba wakho siqu. Isazi sesayensi yemisindo uF. Alton Everest sichaza lokhu kwethi The Master Handbook of Acoustics. Uqale uzwe umsindo wokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Ngemva kwehora ukuleli gumbi, uzwa igazi ligeleza emithanjeni yakho. Ekugcineni, uma unodlebe, “uzwa umsindo ongajwayelekile ‘wezikhawu’ zokushaya kwenhliziyo nokugeleza kwegazi. Yini leyo? Umsindo wezinhlayiyana zomoya ezishayisa esigujini sendlebe yakho,” kuchaza u-Everest. “Ukunyakaza kwesigubhu sendlebe okubangelwa yilomsindo kuncane ngendlela eyisimangaliso—ingxenye yekhulu yesigidi yesentimitha kuphela!” Yilapha lapho “ukuzwa kwenzeka khona,” okuyizinga eliphansi lokuthungatha umsindo. Ukuzwa imisindo ephakeme bekungeke kube usizo kuwe ngoba imisindo ephansi ibiyokwembozwa imisindo yokunyakaza kwezinhlayiyana zomoya.

Ukuze umuntu ezwe kudingeka kube nokubambisana phakathi kwegwagwa lendlebe, ingxenye ephakathi nendawo nengaphakathi kanye nekhono lokuhlaziya nokuzwa lesimiso sethu sezinzwa nobuchopho. Umsindo uhamba ngomoya njengamaza anomfutho oshintshashintshayo. Lamaza anyakazisa izigubhu zethu zezindlebe, futhi lokhu kunyakaza kudluliswa yindlebe ephakathi nendawo kuye endlebeni engaphakathi. Lapho, lokhu kunyakaza kuguqulwa kube amaza ezinzwa, ubuchopho obuwachaza njengomsindo.a

Igwagwa Lendlebe Yakho Libalulekile

Ingxenye yendlebe yakho ethambile engaphandle, esongekile ibizwa ngokuthi igwagwa. Igwagwa liqoqa umsindo, kodwa lenza okungaphezu kwalokho. Ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani indlebe yakho isongekile? Amaza omsindo afika ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zegwagwa aguqulwa ngokungabonakali kuye ngokuthi avela kuluphi uhlangothi. Ubuchopho buyakwazi ukuqonda lemisindo emincane bese bunquma ukuthi ukuphi umthombo womsindo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ubuchopho buqhathanisa isikhathi nomfutho womsindo njengoba ungena endlebeni yakho ngayinye.

Ukuze sibonise lokhu, qhwabaza iminwe yakho njengoba uhambisa isandla sakho siya phansi naphezulu phambi komuntu ovale amehlo. Nakuba iminwe yakho iqhele ngokufanayo endlebeni ngayinye, lowo muntu uyokwazi ukuqonda ukuthi umsindo uvela phezulu, phansi, noma phakathi nendawo. Eqinisweni, ngisho nomuntu onendlebe eyodwa vó esebenza kahle angakwazi ukuyizwa kahle imisindo ukuthi iqhamukaphi.

Indlebe Yakho Ephakathi Nendawo—Umshini Oyisimangaliso

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wendlebe yakho ephakathi nendawo ukudlulisela ukunyakaza kwesigubhu sendlebe yakho oketshezini olugcwele endlebeni yakho engaphakathi. Lolo ketshezi luyasinda kunomoya. Ngakho, njengoba kwenza umgibeli webhayisikili owenyuka ummango, kudingeka ‘afake igiya’ elifanele ukuze amandla omsindo ahambe ngokufanele. Endlebeni ephakathi nendawo, umsindo udluliselwa amathanjana amathathu, ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi i-hammer, i-anvil ne-stirrup ngenxa yokuma kwawo. Lokhu kuhlangana kwalamathanjana kufaka ‘igiya’ elicishe liyifanele ngokugcwele indlebe engaphakathi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphandle kwalokhu bekungalahleka umsindo ongamaphesenti angu-97!

Kunemisipha emibili emincane ehlangene nendlebe yakho engaphakathi. Esikhathini esiyizingxenye eziyikhulu zomzuzwana indlebe yakho ichayeke emsindweni ophindaphindwayo osholo phansi, lemisipha iyaqina ngokuzenzakalelayo, yenze libe phansi kakhulu izinga lokunyakaza kwalamathanjana futhi kanjalo ivimbele noma yikuphi ukulimala okungaba khona. Lokhu kusabela kushesha ngokwanele ukuba kukuvikele kuyo yonke imisindo evala izindlebe eyenziwa imvelo, nakuba kungakuvikeli kuyo yonke imisindo yemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lemisipha emincane ikuvikela ngalendlela imizuzu eyishumi kuphela. Kodwa lokhu kukunikeza ithuba lokusuka emsindweni oklabalasayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lapho ukhuluma, ubuchopho bakho buthumela izimpawu kulemisipha ukuze yehlise izinga lakho lokuzwa, ukuze ungezwa umsindo oklabalasayo lapho ukhuluma.

Indlebe Yakho Engaphakathi Eyisimangaliso

Ingxenye yendlebe yakho engaphakathi ehilelekile ekuzweni ikuyi-cochlea, ebizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuma kwayo njengegobolondo lomnenke. Igobolondo eliyembozile liyithambo lomzimba wakho eliqine kunawo wonke. Kuyi-labyrinth yayo kune-basilar membrane, esinye sezicubu eziningana ezihlukanisa i-cochlea ibe imigudu emide. Kuyi-basilar membrane kune-organ of Corti, esekela izinkulungwane zamangqamuzana oboya—amangqamuzana ezinzwa anoboyana obungena oketshezini olugcwele kuyi-cochlea.

Lapho ukunyakaza kwamathambo endlebe ephakathi nendawo kuvevezelisa i-oval window ye-cochlea, kubangela amaza oketshezini. Lamaza anyakazisa ulwelwesi, njengamaza echibini amukisa amaqabunga antantayo. Lamaza agobisa i-basilar membrane ezindaweni ezivumelana nezinga lomsindo othile. Khona-ke amangqamuzana oboya akulezo zindawo athinta i-tectorial membrane ewambozile. Lokhu kuthintana kunyakazisa amangqamuzana oboya, wona-ke akhipha imiyalezo ayithumele ebuchosheni bakho. Lapho izinga lomsindo lilikhulu, kulapho kushukuma khona ngamandla amangqamuzana oboya amaningi. Ngakho, ubuchopho buqonda lokhu njengomsindo omkhulu.

Ubuchopho Bakho Nekhono Lokuzwa

Ubuchopho bakho buyingxenye ebalulekile esimisweni sakho sokuzwa. Bunekhono elimangalisayo lokuguqula inqwaba yokwaziswa obubutholayo okuyimiyalezo yezinzwa kube umsindo oqondwa yingqondo. Lendima eyinhloko ikubonisa ngokusobala ukuhlobana phakathi kokucabanga nokuzwa, okuwukuhlobana okufundwa emkhakheni okuthiwa yi-psychoacoustics. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuchopho bakho bukwenza ukwazi ukuzwa ingxoxo eyodwa endlini enabantu abaningi. Umbhobho wokukhulisa izwi awunalo leli khono, yingakho ikhasethi eqoshwe kulelo gumbi ingase ingezwakali.

Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa imisindo engafuneki kubonisa esinye isici salokhu kuhlobana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphansi kangakanani umsindo, uma uwuzwa lapho ungawufuni, ungaphazamisa. Ngokwesibonelo, umsindo owenziwa umpompi ovuzayo uphansi kakhulu. Kodwa ungase uthole ukuthi uyakuphazamisa kakhulu uma ukuqwashisa phakathi nobusuku obuzolile!

Ngempela, imizwelo yethu ihlobene nekhono lethu lokuzwa. Ake ucabange ngohleko olufudumele oluthelelanayo, noma umuzwa wemfudumalo obangelwa amazwi aqotho anothando noma atusayo. Ngokufanayo, ingxenye enkulu yalokho esikufundayo ngokuhlakanipha ingena ngezindlebe zethu.

Isipho Okufanele Usazise

Izimfihlo eziningi zekhono lethu lokuzwa zisazokwembulwa. Kodwa ukuqonda okungokwesayensi osekutholakele kujulisa ukwazisa kwethu ngokuhlakanipha nothando olubonakala ngaleli khono. Umcwaningi oyisazi semisindo uF. Alton Everest uyabhala: “Uma kucatshangelwa ngokujulile isimiso somuntu sokuzwa, umuntu ushukunyiselwa ukuba aphethe ngokuthi imisebenzi nokuklanywa kwaso okuyinkimbinkimbi kubonisa ukuthi saklanywa umuntu othile onomusa.”

INkosi uDavide yakwa-Israyeli wasendulo yayingenalo ulwazi olungokwesayensi olukhona manje lokusebenza kwengaphakathi lendlebe yethu. Noma kunjalo, yazindla ngomzimba wayo nangezipho zayo eziningi yase ihlabelelela uMenzi wayo: “Ngenziwa ngokwesabekayo nangokumangalisayo; imisebenzi yakho iyamangalisa.” (IHubo 139:14) Ukucwaninga okungokwesayensi izimangaliso nezimfihlakalo zomzimba, kuhlanganise nekhono lokuzwa, kunezela ebufakazini bokuthi uDavide wayeqinisile—saklanywa ngendlela emangalisayo uMdali ohlakaniphile nonothando!

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 24]

Usizo Kulabo Abanezindlebe Ezilimele

Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emsindweni oklabalasayo kulimaza izindlebe unomphela. Ukulalela umculo ovala izindlebe noma ukusebenza endaweni enemishini ebanga umsindo ngaphandle kwezinto zokuzivikela kumane kuyingozi kakhulu. Izinsiza-kuzwa zingaba usizo ngandlela-thile kulabo abangezwa kahle, ngisho nakwabanye abazalwa beyizithulu. Kwabaningi, lezi zinsiza-kuzwa zenza umehluko omkhulu. Ngemva kokufakelwa izinsiza-kuzwa okokuqala ngqá, owesifazane othile wezwa umsindo ongavamile owawungaphandle kwefasitela lekhishi lendlu yakhe. Uyababaza: “Kwakuyizinyoni! Kwase kuyiminyaka eminingi ngingazizwa izinyoni!”

Ngisho nangaphandle kokulimala kakhulu, ngokuvamile ukukhula kuyaliqeda ikhono lethu lokuzwa imisindo ephakeme. Ngeshwa, lokhu kuhlanganisa nemisindo yongwaqa—ngokuvamile okuyimisindo ebalulekile ekuqondeni inkulumo. Ngakho-ke abantu asebekhulile bangase bathole ukuthi ingxoxo ingaphazanyiswa imisindo evamile yasendlini, njengaleyo ebangelwa ukugeleza kwamanzi noma ukusongwa kwephepha, njengoba kunemisindo ephakeme ephazamisa ukuzwakala kongwaqa. Izinsiza-kuzwa zingase zinikeze usizo oluthile, kodwa zinezinkinga zazo. Phakathi kokunye, izinsiza-kuzwa zezinga eliphakeme zimba eqolo—emazweni amaningi umuntukazana akakwazi ukuzithenga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikho insiza-kuzwa engakwenza uphinde uzwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho, yini engenziwa?

Ukucabangelana kungaba usizo kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba ukhulume nomuntu ongezwa, qiniseka ukuthi uyazi ukuthi ufuna ukusho okuthile. Zama ukumbheka lowo muntu. Lokhu kwenza akwazi ukubona umzimba wakho nokunyakaza kwezindebe zomlomo futhi akwazi ukubezwa kahle ongwaqa bamagama owashoyo. Uma kungenzeka, sondela kuye futhi ukhulume ngokunensa nangokucacile; ungamemezi. Eqinisweni ukumemeza kuyabalimaza abantu abaningi abangezwa kahle. Uma amazwi owashoyo engaqondakali, zama ukuwasho ngenye indlela kunokuba uwaphinde. Ngokufanayo, uma ungasezwa ngendlela owawuzwa ngayo, ungenza kube lula kubantu okhuluma nabo ngokuba usondele kubo futhi ube nesineke. Lemizamo yokuzikhandla ingase ithuthukise ubuhlobo futhi ingakusiza ukuba uhlale uqaphela izinto ezizungezile.

[Isithombe]

Lapho ukhuluma nomuntu ongezwa, mbheke bese ukhuluma ngokunensa nangokucacile

[Imidwebo ekhasini 23]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

Indlebe Yakho

Igwagwa

Umgudu wokuzwa

Isigubhu sendlebe

I-hammer (malleus)

I-anvil (incus)

I-stirrup (stapes)

I-round window

I-oval window

I-cochlea

Umthambo wokuzwa

I-organ of Corti

Umthambo wokuzwa

Amangqamuzana oboya

I-tectorial membrane

Ama-nerve fiber

I-basilar membrane