Vikela Izindlebe Zakho!
“Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-120 emhlabeni bavaleké izindlebe ngandlela-thile.”—I-World Health Organization.
IKHONO lethu lokuzwa liyisipho okufanele sisazise. Kodwa lapho sikhula, leli khono liya ngokuya lincipha. Umphakathi wanamuhla ubonakala uyisheshisa le nqubo ngemisindo yawo eminingi ehlukahlukene. Usosayensi ophethe eCentral Institute for the Deaf, eSt. Louis, eMissouri, e-U.S.A., waphawula: “Ngokuvamile umuntu waseMelika ulahlekelwa amaphesenti angu-75 ekhono lokuzwa hhayi ngenxa yokuguga kuphela kodwa nangenxa yalokho izindlebe zakhe ezichayeka kukho.”
Ukuchayeka isikhashana emsindweni omkhulu kungalimaza izingxenye ezintekenteke ezingaphakathi endlebeni. Nokho, ngokuvamile ukuvaleka kwezindlebe kuwumphumela “wokuchayeka ngokuqhubekayo emsindweni wasemsebenzini, walokho esizilibazisa ngakho nesizijabulisa ngakho,” kusho uchwepheshe wezindlebe uDkt. Margaret Cheesman. Yini ongayenza ukuze uvikele izindlebe zakho? Ukuze uthole impendulo, kuwusizo ukwazi okuthile ngendlela izindlebe zakho ezisebenza ngayo.
Imisindo Esiyizwayo
Kubonakala sengathi umsindo uyanda endaweni esihlala kuyo. Nsuku zonke abaningi bachayeka ezintweni ezinemisindo ehlukahlukene kusukela ezimotweni, amabhasi namaloli asemgwaqweni kuya emsindweni obeleselayo wemishini kagesi emsebenzini.
Ngezinye izikhathi senza le nkinga ibe yimbi nakakhulu ngokukhuphula umsindo wezinto esizilalelayo. Enye indlela ethandwayo yokulalela umculo ukusebenzisa ama-headphone ukulalela isidlala-makhasethi noma ama-CD. UMarshall Chasin, ongomunye wabasunguli beMusicians’ Clinics of Canada, uthi izinhlolo-vo ezenziwa eCanada nase-United States zibonisa ukuthi intsha ivaleka izindlebe ngenxa yama-headphone anomsindo ovulelwe kakhulu.
Kodwa umsindo ongakanani ophakeme? Umsindo ungachazwa ngezindlela ezintathu—ubude besikhathi, ukuphakama kwawo namandla awo. Ubude besikhathi bumane busho ubude besikhathi owuzwa ngaso umsindo. Ukuphakama komsindo, noma ukuhlaba kwawo, kunqunywa ngokuphindaphindeka kwamaza omsindo ngomzuzwana, noma ama-hertz. Izinga lomsindo ozwakalayo ongahlabi endlebeni usukela kuma-hertz angu-20 kuya kwangu-20 000.
Amandla omsindo akalwa ngama-decibel (dB). Umsindo wengxoxo evamile cishe ungama-decibel angu-60. Odokotela bezindlebe bathi lapho uchayeka emsindweni ongaphezu kwama-decibel angu-85 isikhathi eside, makhulu amathuba okuthi uzogcina uvaleke izindlebe. Lapho umsindo umkhulu, kulapho nendlebe ishesha khona ukulimala. Umbiko kamagazini i-Newsweek wathi: “Kungaphela amahora amabili indlebe yakho ibekezelela umsindo womshini wokubhola (100 dB) ingalimali, kodwa ngeke ikwazi ukubekezela imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-30 esikhungweni semishini yemidlalo yama-video (110 dB). Ukwenyuka komsindo ngama-decibel ayishumi kusho ukwenyuka komsindo olimaza izindlebe izikhathi eziyishumi.” Ukuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsindo uqala ukuhlaba kabuhlungu ezindlebeni cishe lapho ungama-decibel angu-120. Akukholeki ukuthi eminye imisakazo ingaba nomsindo ongaphezu kwama-decibel angu-140!—Bheka ibhokisi elikulesi sihloko.
Ukuze sikusize uqonde ukuthi kungani umsindo ophakeme ulimaza izindlebe zakho, masicabangele okwenzekayo lapho umsindo ungena ezindlebeni zakho.
Indlela Izindlebe Zethu Ezisebenza Ngayo
Indlela igwagwa elimi ngayo iklanyelwe ukuqoqa amaza omsindo iwafake emgudwini wendlebe, ahamba ngawo afike esigujini sendlebe (eardrum). Kuleli qophelo amaza omsindo anyakazisa isigubhu sendlebe, sona sinyakazise amathambo amathathu maphakathi nendlebe. Ngokulandelayo, lokhu kunyakaza kudluliselwa endlebeni engaphakathi, ingoxi esethanjeni enoketshezi. Kule ndawo lokhu kunyakaza kudlula oketshezini kuyi-cochlea, ingxenye eneziboya yengaphakathi lendlebe emise okomnenke. Uketshezi olukule ngxenye lushukumisa izihloko zalezi ziboya ukuba zikhiphe imiyalezo yezinzwa efundekayo. Le miyalezo ibe isidluliselwa ebuchosheni, lapho ifike ihlaziywe khona bese kuvela ukuthi iwumsindo.
Isimiso sezinzwa sisiza ubuchopo ukuba bunqume ukuthi yimuphi umsindo okufanele buwunake nokuthi yimuphi okufanele buwuzibe. Ngokwesibonelo, umama angase angawunaki umsindo wengane lapho idlala, kodwa asukumele phezulu lapho ikhala kabuhlungu. Ukuzwa ngazo zombili izindlebe kusenza sizwe umsindo ovela nxazonke, okuwusizo kakhulu. Kusenza sikwazi ukuzwa ukuthi umsindo uvela ngakuphi. Kodwa, uma kuwumsindo wokukhuluma, ubuchopho buqonda umyalezo owodwa ngesikhathi. Incwadi ethi The Senses, ithi: “Yingakho uma umuntu ekhuluma ocingweni, engenakukwazi ukuzwa kahle okushiwo umuntu oseceleni kwakhe.”
Indlela Umsindo Olimaza Ngayo Izindlebe Zethu
Ukuze ubone ukuthi umsindo ophakeme uzilimaza kanjani izindlebe zethu, ake ucabange ngalo mzekeliso. Umbiko othile wezokuphepha emsebenzini ufanisa iziboya zengaphakathi lendlebe nokolo ensimini kanti umsindo ongena endlebeni uwufanisa nomoya. Umoya ohelezayo, njengomsindo ophansi, unyakazisa izihloko zikakolo, kodwa ungawulimazi ukolo. Nokho, uma umoya uya uqina, uzishaya ngamandla izihloko zikakolo. Umoya ovunguza ngamandla noma umoya ovunguzayo oshayela phansi isikhathi eside ungazilimaza kakhulu izinhlanga futhi zife.
Kuyefana nomsindo neziboya ezincane ezintekenteke zengaphakathi lendlebe. Umsindo ovele ube mkhulu ungadabula izicubu zengaphakathi lendlebe futhi ushiye izibazi ezingabangela ukuba izindlebe zivaleke unomphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lomsindo eliyingozi eliqhubekayo lingazilimaza unomphela iziboya ezintekenteke. Lapho sezilimele ayikho indlela yokuzivuselela. Umphumela uba isihlonono—ukuduma, ukunkeneneza, noma ukuhlokoma ezindlebeni noma ekhanda.
Vikela Futhi Ulondoloze Izindlebe Zakho
Nakuba ufuzo noma ingozi ethile engalindelekile ingase ibangele ukuvaleka kwezindlebe, zikhona izinyathelo esingazithatha zokuvikela nokulondoloza ikhono lethu lokuzwa eliyigugu. Kuhle ukwazi kusengaphambili ngezingozi ezingase zilimaze izindlebe. Udokotela wezindlebe wathi, “ukulinda kuze kuvele inkinga ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isinyathelo kufana nokugcoba amafutha okuzivikela elangeni ngemva kokuba selikufusile.”
Ngokuvamile kuyindaba yokuthi silalela kanjani hhayi ukuthi yini esiyilalelayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma usebenzisa ama-headphone ungase ufune ukwehlisa umsindo ukuze ukwazi ukuzwa eminye imisindo ekuzungezile. Uma umsakazo wemoto noma wasendlini uphezulu kangangokuba uvimbanise ingxoxo evamile, lokhu kungase kube uphawu lokuthi mkhulu ngendlela yokuthi uzozilimaza izindlebe zakho. Ochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi ukulalela umsindo ongama-decibel angu-90 amahora amabili noma amathathu kungazilimaza izindlebe zakho. Kutuswa ukuba usebenzise ama-earplug noma ezinye izinto zokuvikela izindlebe noma nini lapho usendaweni enomsindo.
Kuhle abazali bakhumbule ukuthi izindlebe zezingane ziyashesha kakhulu ukulimala kunezabantu abadala. Khumbulani njalo ukuthi amathoyizi anomsindo angaba yingozi. Phela, umsindo wethoyizi elikhencezayo ungafinyelela ama-decibel angu-110!
Izindlebe zethu zingamathuluzi antekenteke, amancane nayisimangaliso. Ngazo, siyakwazi ukuzwa yonke imisindo ehlukahlukene nejabulisayo yezwe elisizungezile. Ngokuqinisekile, lesi sipho esiyigugu sokuzwa kufanele sivikelwe.
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Izinga Lomsindo Wezinye Izinto Ezivamile
• Ukuphefumula—ama-decibel ayishumi
• Ukuhlebeza—ama-decibel angu-20
• Ukuxoxa—ama-decibel angu-60
• Umsindo wesiminyaminya sezimoto —ama-decibel angu-80
• I-food blender—ama-decibel angu-90
• Isitimela—ama-decibel ayikhulu
• Umshini wokusaha—ama-decibel angu-110
• Indiza—ama-decibel angu-120
• Ukuqhuma kwesibhamu—ama-decibel angu-140
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Kungenzeka Izindlebe Zakho Seziyavaleka Uma
• Ukhuphula umsakazo noma i-TV kodwa abanye bawuzwe uklabalasa
• Ulokhu ucela abanye ukuba baphinde abakushoyo
• Ulokhu ubuyisa izinhlonze, usondela noma ujikisa ikhanda ukuze uzwe umuntu okhuluma nawe
• Ukuthola kunzima ukuzwa emibuthanweni yomphakathi noma lapho kunomsindo ngemuva, njengasemcimbini noma esitolo esiphithizelayo
• Njalo ucela abanye ukuba bakutshele obekushiwo
[Umdwebo ekhasini 13]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
Igwagwa
Amathambo amathathu maphakathi nendlebe
Isigubhu sendlebe
I-‘cochlea’
Imithambo yezinzwa eya ebuchosheni