Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukuluthwa Utshwala EMexico

Ukuhlola okwenziwa yi-Mexican Institute of Social Security kwabonisa ukuthi ngo-1991 kwakunemilutha yotshwala engaphezu kwezigidi ezine eMexico. Kodwa ngo-1997, kungenzeka ukuthi lelo nani liye laphindeka kabili, kubika iphephandaba laseMexico City i-Universal. Icaphuna i-Alcoholics Anonymous lapho ithi ezigidini ezingu-8 zemilutha yaseMexico, izigidi ezintathu zitholakala eMexico City. Ngokwe-Universal, ubugebengu obuningi eMexico benziwa abantu abadakiwe. Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala kubangela ukuphutha emsebenzini nokungenzi kahle emsebenzini wesikole. UJosé Manuel Castrejón, ummeleli we-National Council Against Addiction, uthi “amaphesenti angu-50 ezenzo zobudlova basekhaya kanye nengxenye eyodwa kweziyisihlanu yezingozi zasemsebenzini kuhlobene eduze nokuphuza utshwala.”

Amacebiso Kwabahamba Ngezindiza

Ukuhamba ibanga elide ngendiza kubangela ukucindezeleka kwengqondo nomzimba, futhi iphephandaba laseLondon i-Times linikeza ukusikisela okuthile kokukudambisa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa “ukugwema utshwala bese uphuza iziphuzo eziningi ezingonamanedi, ukudla ukudla okulula kuphela futhi ngeso lengqondo uzibone usendaweni enhle.” Ukuhlala unganyakazi isikhathi eside kungenza izinyawo zivuvukale kwenze nezingubo zithí ukukuqina. Ngakho, i-Times iyabika, “odokotela basikisela ukuba uxegise izingubo, ukhumule izicathulo futhi ucele ukuhlala ngasephasishi ukuze ukwazi ukuhambahamba uye endlini yangasese.” Ukugoba nokwelula izingalo nemilenze phakathi nohambo kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi. Ukuze bagweme ukuba namajaqamba, “abantu asebekujwayele ukuthatha uhambo ngezinye izikhathi bashintsha isimiso sabo sansuku zonke ngaphambi kokuba bathathe uhambo. Labo abasuke bezoya emazweni asempumalanga basheshe bavuke isonto lonke kanti labo abasuke bezolibhekisa kwawasentshonalanga bayephuza ukulala.”

Amagwababa AseTokyo Ehla Enyuka

Amagwababa aseTokyo, eJapane, asenomkhuba wokwehla enyuka esuka emadolobheni amancane aye kwamakhulu usuku ngalunye, kubika i-Daily Yomiuri. Ochwepheshe bezinyoni bathi lokhu kwaqala eminyakeni embalwa edlule lapho amagwababa asemapaki aseTokyo nasemathempelini eba maningi kangangokuba aphoqeleleka ukuba akhe izidleke kwezinye izindawo. Akuthola kanjalo ukuthokomala kwempilo yasemadolobheni amancane. Nokho into ayengayitholi, izibiliboco zokudla kwasemadolobheni amakhulu—udoti nokudla okuchithwayo. Anqoba lenkinga ngokuba “nendlela yokwehla enyuka efana naleyo yezisebenzi ezikhokhelwayo. Ekuseni ayandiza aye edolobheni elikhulu eyofuna ukudla,” kusho i-Daily Yomiuri, “abese ebuyela emadolobheni amancane kusihlwa.”

Ingcebo Engokwemvelo Iyasongelwa

◆ Isifunda esisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, esicebe ngezitshalo nezilwane, manje ohlwini lwaso sesinezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingu-650 kanye nezezilwane ezingu-70 ezichazwa njengezisengozini. Indawo esebucayini eyaseMeghalaya, esemngceleni weBangladesh, iye yachazwa njengenye yezindawo ezidinga ukunakekela okuphuthumayo kwezingu-18 lapho izinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene zisengozini khona. Njengoba kwabikwa kuyi-Asian Age, ukucekela phansi nokuzingela ngokungemthetho kwabantu kuphakathi kwezinto ezihlukumeza lendawo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zamazwe angu-7 asenyakatho-mpumalanga nelaseNdiya abhekwa njengasebucayini obukhulu ngokwesimo sendawo ngaphezu kwalawo akwezinye izingxenye zezwe.

◆ E-Italy inani lezinhlobo ezinkulu nezincane zezitshalo ezisengozini nalo liyakhuphuka. Ngo-1992, zazingu-458 ezazicatshangelwa njengezisengozini, kodwa ngo-1997 lelo nani landa laba ngu-1011. “Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisikhombisa yezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zase-Italy isengozini ngandlela-thile, futhi izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-29 ziye zashabalala eminyakeni embalwa edlule,” kuchaza i-Corriere della Sera. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-120 “zisengozini engathi sína yokushatshalaliswa esikhathini esiseduze esizayo,” futhi cishe ezingu-150 zingaba kuleyo ngozi esikhathini esiseduze esizayo. Ngokombono wesazi sesayensi yezitshalo sase-University of Camerino, uFranco Pedrotti, “lezi zibalo zembula isimo esishaqisayo.” Esinye isitshalo sashabalala endaweni yaso engokwemvelo lapho indawo okwakuwukuphela kwayo esasimila kuyo yenziwa inkundla yebhola likanobhutshuzwayo.

◆ E-Argentina izinhlobo zezilwane zendabuko ezingu-500 kwezingu-2500 zisengozini, kubika iphephandaba laseBuenos Aires i-Clarín. “Nakuba ukulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yabantu yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo, izilwane eziningi zisengozini yokunyamalala,” ngokusho kukaClaudio Bertonatti, umxhumanisi womnyango wezokulondolozwa kwemvelo we-Wildlife Foundation. Phakathi kwezilwane ezisongelwayo e-Argentina izinhlobonhlobo zama-armadillo, izingwe, ama-vicuña, imikhomo nezimfudu eziphila ezweni. “Nakuba [iqiniso] lokuthi ukudayiswa kwazo kwenqatshelwe,” kuphawula lombiko, engxenyeni enkulu yeBuenos Aires “unyaka ngamunye kudayiswa izimfudu ezingaba ngu-100 000.” UBertonatti waphawula: “Umuntu, okunguyena okufanele abe nesithakazelo esikhulu sokuvikela lomthombo wengcebo, uyena obangela izinsongo eziningi ezenza izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo zibe sengozini yokushabalala.”

UMariya Owabona Kuqala UKristu Ovusiwe?

UPapa uJohn Paul II uye wagomela ngokuthi “kungokufanelekile ukucabanga ukuthi uMama [kaJesu, uMariya] cishe wayengumuntu wokuqala uJesu ovusiwe abonakala kuye.” (L’Osservatore Romano) Ekulandiseni kwamaVangeli amane, alikho nelilodwa elikhuluma ngokuthi unina kaJesu wayekhona lapho ithuna lakhe litholakala lingenalutho. Nakuba kunjalo, upapa wathi futhi: “Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuba iNcasakazi eNgcwele, ingabibikho kubafundi bokuqala ababekhona (cf. IzEnzo 1:14), angabi bikho phakathi kwalabo abahlangabeza iNdodana yakhe evela kuNkulunkulu ngemva kokuba ivuke kwabafile?” Upapa wasebenzisa amaphuzu ahlukahlukene ukuze nje azame ukuchaza ukuthi kungani kungekho mbhalo emaVangelini okhuluma nganoma ikuphi ukuhlangana kukaJesu nonina. Iphuzu nje liwukuthi umoya ongcwele awuzange uphefumulele abalobi bamaVangeli ukuba bakhulume ngesenzakalo esinjalo. Kanti futhi, uMariya akaphathwa nokuphathwa ezincwadini zabaphostoli.—2 Thimothewu 3:16.

Ingozi Yehlobo LaseNingizimu Nenkabazwe

ENingizimu neNkabazwe, u-January ungenye yezinyanga ezishisa kakhulu. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukushisa ngokweqile komzimba, kuchaza umagazini i-FDA Consumer. UDkt. Elizabeth Koller oyisazi sezindlala ze-endocrine uthi, nakuba ukushisa ngokweqile komzimba kubangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi unyaka ngamunye, kungavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Ukushisa ngokweqile komzimba kungabangelwa ukusebenza kanzima ekushiseni, kodwa futhi kugadla nakubantu abadala abangawutholi umoya opholile nabanenkinga yempilo engaziwa, njengesifo sikashukela noma senhliziyo. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, i-FDA Consumer yeluleka ukuba kuphuzwe amanzi amaningi—ilitha ngehora uma uvivinya umzimba. Elangeni, gcoba umuthi wokuvikela isikhumba elangeni, isigqoko esinompheme obanzi nezingubo ezixegayo. Uma ungenayo into yokugcina indlu ipholile, futhi kunengozi yokuthi umzimba ungase ushise ngokweqile, “geza ngamanzi abandayo, zithele njalo ngamanzi, futhi uhlale eduze kwesiphephetha moya. Uma uzwa isiyezi, cela usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha.” UDkt. Koller uyaxwayisa: “Uma umzimba womuntu othile ushisa ngokweqile, usuke unemizuzu embalwa kuphela yokumsindisa.”

“Ushushiso” Emsebenzini

“Izinhlungu zekhanda, ukukhathala, ukukhohlwa, ukuphazamiseka kwamehlo, isiyezi, izinkinga zokuphefumula, umkhuhlane ovala izindlebe, umsindo onkenezayo ezindlebeni [tinnitus], nezinkinga zesikhumba”—konke lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukugula okubangelwa izimo eziyingozi esakhiweni noma i-SBS [sick building syndrome], kusho umcwaningi waseJohn Moores University uJack Rostron. Uthi i-SBS eyaqashelwa ngokomthetho yi-World Health Organization ngo-1986, ingase ikwazi “ukushintsha isicefe sokuya emsebenzini sibe okuthile okucishe kube ushushiso.” Izakhiwo ezinomoya opholile ojikeleza ndawonye kanye namafasitela angavuleki zingaba nezinto ezingcolisa umoya, njengesisi esinoshevu kanye nezilongotsha eziphuma kuma-photocopier nemishini yokunyathelisa, kubika i-Independent yaseLondon. Ukuze kugwenywe i-SBS, izinto ezingenisa umoya opholile kufanele zihlanzisiswe njalo. URostron uyaphawula: “Izinga lokwenza umsebenzi liyathuthuka lapho amaqembu amancane abantu ehlanganyela amahhovisi amancane anamafasitela avulekayo.”

Isixwayiso Ngobusika

Iphephandaba i-Toronto Star lithi, noma ubani ohlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle ebusika obubandayo nasemoyeni usengozini ye-hypothermia, isimo esiyingozi sokwehla kwezinga lokushisa komzimba. Lombiko uphawula ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka “lapho umzimba uphelelwa ukushisa ngokushesha okungaphezu kwejubane olakha ngalo,” lombiko wenezela ngokuthi “amazinga okushisa akudingeki aze abe ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa ngaphambi kokuba kube ne-hypothermia.” Ukusebenza kwezimiso zomzimba zabantu abadala kuyephuza ukubuyisela ukushisa okuphumayo. Bona kanye nezingane, basengozini enkulu. Lapho umuntu “egodola, emanzi, ekhathele, elambile, eqhaqhazela, ekhononda, [futhi] engakujabuleli ukuba ngaphandle,” kungenzeka ukuthi usengozini ye-hypothermia, kusho i-Wilderness First Aid Handbook. Lowo muntu kufanele angeniswe endlini, anikwe izingubo ezomile, ukudla kanye nokuphuzwayo kodwa anganikezwa utshwala noma i-caffeine. Uma engabonisi zimpawu zokululama, kufanele kufunwe usizo lwabezokwelapha ngokushesha.