Umkhakha Othakazelisayo—Wezincwadi Ezincane

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EBRITHANI

IZINTO ezingavamile ziyathakazelisa—intaba ephakeme kakhulu, ulwandle olujule kakhulu, isakhiwo esiphakeme kakhulu, umhubhe omude kakhulu—ngakho, kuthiwani ngencwadi encane kunazo zonke? Izincwadi ezincane ziyathakazelisa! Kuye kwanyatheliswa eziyizigidi, ezikhuluma ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene futhi ezitholakala ngezilimi okungenani ezingu-20. Uma ungakaze uwuhlole umkhakha wazo, ake uzibonele.

Siyichaza kanjani incwadi encane? Umbono ovamile uwukuthi yincwadi ebude bayo noma ububanzi bungaphansi kwamamilimitha angu-76. Lezi zilinganiso zihlanganisa noqwembe, nakuba abanye abaqongeleli abacophelelayo bethanda ukubheka amakhasi encwadi kuphela. Kungani kwanyatheliswa le miqulu emincane?

Izici Zobuciko

Ngokuphambene nalokho umuntu angase akulindele, izincwadi eziningi ezincane ziyafundeka. Ngakho-ke, amakhalenda amancane, izincwadi zomlando, amanoveli, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, izichazamazwi nemibhalo engcwele kungaphatheka kalula futhi kusetshenziswe kalula. Nakuba eminyakeni eminingi edlule lokhu kwakungaba isizathu esiyinhloko sokuba nemiqulu emincane kangaka, umqongeleli wanamuhla ukhathalela kakhulu esinye isici sezincwadi ezincane: ubuciko balabo abazinyathelisa futhi bazihlanganisa.

Abanyathelisi kwadingeka banqobe izinkinga eziningi ukuze baklame futhi benze umbhalo ofundeka ngezingilazi zokukhulisa amagama noma ngaphandle kwazo. Umsebenzi wabo omningi uye waba izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu. Abenzi bephepha noyinki nabo bathasisela ngekhono elikhulu ukuze kukhiqizwe umbhalo ocacile.

Ngemva kokuba incwadi isinyathelisiwe, ifakwa uqwembe; futhi izingqwembe zezincwadi ezincane zingaba zinhle kakhulu. Amakhono ezazi zobuciko abonakala ngezembozo ezincane zesikhumba esibhaliwe, izembozo ezinamagama okuhlobisa egolide noma esiliva, zegobolondo lofudu, noma ze-enamel ehlotshisiwe. Ezinye izembozo zenziwe ngosilika noma ngevelivethi noma zifekethisiwe noma zahlotshiswa nangamaparele nemihlobiso ecwazimulayo, kanti ezinye izincwadi zinezikhwama zokuzigcina.

Abanyathelisi abafaka imifanekiso endabeni benza imifanekiso enemininingwane emangalisayo, ngokuvamile ethatha amasentimitha-skwele angaba yisikhombisa ephepheni! Isibonelo salokhu umfanekiso kaDkt. Samuel Johnson, umlobi wezichazamazwi waseNgilandi, kuyi-Bryce’s Thumb English Dictionary enamakhasi angu-368, eyanyatheliswa ngawo-1890; kanti esinye isibonelo umfanekiso ongaphesheya kwekhasi lesihloko sencwadi kaShakespeare ethi King Richard III, eyalotshelwa umdlali wezithombe zamabhayisikobho waseNgilandi u-Ellen Terry ngo-1909.

I-Bibliothèque Portative du Voyageur, eyanyatheliswa eParis, iwumtapo omncane okucatshangwa ukuthi wawusetshenziswa uNapoléon Bonaparte phakathi nokulwa kwakhe. Imiqulu yayo engu-49 yemibhalo yomlando yesiFulentshi igcinwe ebhokisini elembozwe ngesikhumba, okuthi lapho livaliwe lifane nencwadi enkulu.

Ama-thumb Bible

Ama-thumb Bible awawona ngempela amaBhayibheli aphelele. Amanye aqukethe “ITestamente Elisha” kuphela. Amanye awukufingqwa kwezindaba zeBhayibheli noma aqukethe wonke umlando weBhayibheli ofushaniswe waba amagama angaba ngu-7000, futhi aklanywa ngokukhethekile ukuba afundwe abantwana. Anezihloko ezinjengezithi The Bible in Miniature, The History of the Holy Bible nesithi The Child’s Bible.

I-Thumb Bible yalithola kanjani leli gama? Incazelo esobala iwukuthi iBhayibheli elinjalo licishe lilingane nesihloko sesithupha somuntu. Kodwa incwadi ethi Three Centuries of Thumb Bibles ibonisa ukuthi leli gama kungenzeka laqanjwa ngemva kokuvakashela eNgilandi kwesichwe esidumile saseMelika uCharles Stratton, esasaziwa kangcono ngokuthi uJenene Tom Thumb. Okusekela lowo mbono iqiniso lokuthi uTom Thumb wavakashela eNgilandi ngo-1844 futhi kubonakala sengathi amagama athi “thumb Bible” asetshenziswa ngokokuqala ngqá eLondon ngo-1849.

Imiqulu YemiBhalo Engavamile

Inguqulo engavamile eyanezelwa emaBhayibhelini amancane yi-Finger New Testament, eyanyatheliswa ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. Inobubanzi obungamasentimitha amathathu kuphela nobude obungamasentimitha angu-9—obuwubude bomunwe—yingakho yethiwa leli gama. Nokho, njengoba inobude obungaphezu kwamamilimitha angu-76, uma sesikhuluma iqiniso, ayiyona incwadi encane, nakuba ngokuvamile ibalwa phakathi kwamaBhayibheli anjalo. Amagama anobukhulu obungu-4-point asetshenziswe kulo mqulu omncane acacile futhi abaningi bawafunda kalula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izingilazi zokukhulisa amagama.

Isibonelo esingavamile inguqulo okuthiwa i-Illustrated Bible, enezindima ezinesihloko esithi Railway to Heaven. Yanyatheliswa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 phakathi neminyaka yokuqala kaloliwe waseBrithani. Umlobi wabhala ngalo loliwe enkondlweni yamakhasi amabili enesihloko esithi “To Point You to Another Line [Ukukukhombisa Enye Indlela].” Le ndlela ichazwa ngokuthi “uJesu Kristu, iNdodana kaJehova.” Le nkondlo iphetha ngokuthi: “Ndodana yami, kusho uNkulunkulu, ngiphe inhliziyo yakho. Shesha—kungenjalo uzoshiywa yisitimela.”

Okunye okungavamile umqulu othi My Morning Counsellor, wangonyaka ka-1900. Unombhalo weBhayibheli wansuku zonke, futhi inyanga ngayinye inesandulela esihlobene negama laphezulu ngandlela-thile. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elikhethelwe u-February lithi “Jehovah-Shalom.” Kokubili le ncwadi ne-Illustrated Bible, okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni, kuveza iqiniso lokuthi elithi Jehova, igama likaNkulunkulu, lalisetshenziswa kabanzi eBrithani eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule.

Iyiphi Encane Kunazo Zonke?

Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule baningi abaye bathi banyathelisé incwadi encane kunazo zonke. Owokuqala owasho kanjalo eqinisile kwakunguC. van Lange ngo-1674, lapho kunyatheliswa incwadi yakhe ethi Bloem-Hofje ngamagama amancane. Incwadi ethi Miniature Books iyichaza ngokuthi “inobukhulu obungangozipho lomunwe,” futhi yaqopha umlando iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200.

Uhlelo oludumile lukaDante oluthi La Divina Commedia lwanyatheliswa ngombhalo ongu-2-point, okucatshangwa ukuthi umbhalo omncane kunayo yonke eyake yasetshenziswa—ongafundeki neze ngamehlo. Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa ePadua, e-Italy, ngo-1878. Kwathatha inyanga yonke ukunyathelisa amakhasi angu-30, futhi kwadingeka zinyatheliswe ngombhalo ohlukile zonke ezinye izingxenye ezintsha. Naphezu kwalokhu, kwanyatheliswa amakhophi angu-1000.

Ubukhulu bezincwadi baqhubeka buncishiswa. Ngo-1978 inkondlo yasenkulisa ethi Three Blind Mice eyanyatheliswa ngomshini i-Gleniffer Press ePaisley, eScotland, yaba “incwadi encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni.” Le nkondlo yadlulwa enye lapho ngo-1985 laba banyathelisi benyathelisa amakhophi angu-85 enye inkondlo yasenkulisa ethi Old King Cole! Ikhophi ngayinye inobude obuyimilimitha nobubanzi obuyimilimitha kuphela. Amakhasi ayaphenyeka—uma usebenzisa inalithi!

Izincwadi ezinjalo ezincane, ezichazwa uLouis Bondy ngokuthi “zicishe zilingane nezinhlayiya zothuli,” ziwubufakazi besineke nobuciko obukhulu. Nokho, lezi zincwadi ezincane zidlulela ngalé kwenjongo yokuqala yezincwadi ezincane, okwakuwukukhiqiza izincwadi ezifundekayo nokulula ukuzisebenzisa.

Amaqoqo agcinwe kahle ale miqulu emincane emihle angabonwa eminyuziyamu, kanti eminye eminingi ikubantu. Uma kungenzeka uhlangane nalezi zincwadi ezithakazelisayo, ukhumbule ukuziphatha ngobunono. Ziwubuciko ngempela!

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 14]

Ukunciphisa Umbhalo Onezithombe

“ITestamente Elisha” elincane kunawo wonke ake anyatheliswa lakhiqizwa uDavid Bryce waseGlasgow, eScotland, ngo-1895. Linobude obungamasentimitha angu-1,9 nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-1,6 kanti linobukhulu obungamasentimitha angu-0,8 kuphela! Yanyatheliswa kanjani le ncwadi? “Inyatheliswe ngobuciko nangokucacile ngokunciphisa umbhalo onezithombe,” kuchaza uLouis Bondy kwethi Miniature Books. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezithombe kwakusafufusa eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, lokhu kwakungelula neze ukukwenza.

UDavid Bryce naye wanyathelisa ama-Thumb Bible amaningi esebenzisa inqubo efanayo. Kulabo abakuthola kunzima ukufunda lo mbhalo omncane, iBhayibheli ngalinye linengilazi yokukhulisa umbhalo efakwe esembozweni. Ngale ndlela, labo abakhuthazelayo bayakwazi ukufunda.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inqubo yokunyathelisa izincwadi ezinombhalo onciphisa izithombe yasetshenziswa ngokuyinzuzo oFakazi BakaJehova lapho beshushiswa amaNazi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II nangamaKhomanisi kamuva. Esithombeni esikulesi sihloko kuboniswe insiza-kufunda yeBhayibheli eyanyatheliswa ngale ndlela. Njengoba yayifihlwa edoshini likamentshisi, yayithunyelelwa oFakazi ekamu lokuhlushwa lamaNazi.

Lena yafakwa edoshini likamentshisi futhi yathunyelwa ekamu lokuhlushwa

[Isithombe ekhasini 13]

Nakuba zizincane, lezi zincwadi zingafundeka

[Isithombe ekhasini 15]

Umtapo wezincwadi ezincane