Ukulawula Umbulali
Ngumlobeli we-Phaphama! eCanada
ULISHAYA alibhuqe ihlathi, akanandaba nokuncane, unosekukhulile shaqa. Lo mbulali mncane uma eqhathaniswa nesisulu sakhe. Uhamba ngokushesha futhi akaneliseki kuze kube yilapho eseqothe imbokodo nesisekelo. Njengoba isisulu sizama ukukhipha lesi sivakashi esingene ngokungemthetho, kuba ongaphansi nongaphezulu. Ekugcineni umhlaseli uyanqoba.
Ubani lesi sitha? Umhlaseli yibhungane elincane likaphayini wasentabeni, elitholakala entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Isisulu salo uphayini obabazekayo i-lodgepole, otholakala ngaphakathi esifundazweni saseBritish Columbia, eCanada.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingamaphesenti angu-35 indawo yehlathi enophayini i-lodgepole kulesi sifundazwe—othandwa yibhungane likaphayini wasentabeni elime njengombhobho, elingamamilimitha amathathu kuya kwangu-8. Liqala liphehle izihlahla zikaphayini ezintengantengayo nesezindala. Nokho, njengoba inani lamabhungane landa, aphehla nezihlahla eziqinile. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Umjikelezo Webhungane Likaphayini Wasentabeni.”) Umqedazwe wamuva eBritish Columbia uye wabangela ukufa kwezihlahla zikaphayini eziyizigidi ezingu-30 ngonyaka owodwa kuphela. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi esihlahleni esisodwa esiphehliwe kungaphuma amabhungane angabhubhisa izihlahla ezimbili ezilingana naso ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ibhungane likaphayini wasentabeni liyingxenye engokwemvelo yendawo ezungezile nezinto zayo, futhi amabhungane kaphayini kanye nemililo yequbula enza kube khona umjikelezo wezihlahla zikaphayini i-lodgepole esezindala. Nokho, ukungenela komuntu ngokuthola izindawo ezinomlilo nokuwuqeda, kuye kwanezela ekulondolozweni kwezindawo ezinkulu zemithi yamapulangwe eqinile nemidala. Nakuba lokhu kuye kwazivikela izilwane zasendle nemizila yokufuduka kanye namahlathi asetshenziselwa ezokungcebeleka nezezimboni, kuye kwenza ukuba kube nesidingo sokulawula ibhungane likaphayini wasentabeni. Pho, lezi zilokazane ezincane zitholakala futhi zilandelelwe kanjani ezindaweni ezinkulu zasendle? Yini engenziwa, uma ikhona, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukucekeleka phansi okubangwa yizo?
Ukuwathola Nokuwathungatha
Ukuze kulawulwe amabhungane kaphayini wasentabeni kudingeka aqale atholwe. Ihlathi elikhulu lihlolwa phezulu kufunwa izihlahla esezibomvu ezihlokweni. Izihlahla ezinjalo zibonisa ukuthi seziphehliwe futhi kulula ukuzibona phakathi kweziningi eziluhlaza. Indawo enezihlahla eziphehliwe kanye nenani lezihlahla ezibomvu kutholakala ngokusebenzisa i-global positioning system (GPS). Ukwaziswa kufakwa futhi kugcinwe ngokucophelela kuyi-computer ephathwayo. Kamuva kukhishelwa kuma-computer asemahhovisi bese kwenekwa kumabalazwe anemininingwane yezinto ezemboze ihlathi ngezimiso zokwaziswa kokuma kwezwe ezinamandla. Isihlahla ngasinye esiphehliwe sinikezwa inombolo, futhi kwenziwa uhlu olunikeza izinombolo zendawo ngayinye. Lokhu kubalulekile eqenjini elihlola phansi, elithunyelwa ukuba lihlole ukuthi ziphehlwe kangakanani.
Nokho, into ewusongo ngempela ehlathini, akuzona izihlahla esezibomvu kodwa izihlahla eziluhlaza eziphehlwayo ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokuvamile lezi zibonakala ngenhlaka ezungeze umgodi okungena kuwo amabhungane, nangezimvuthuluka ekugcineni kwesihlahla. Zonke izihlahla eziphehliwe ziphawulwa ngemidweshu yepulasitiki bese zibhalwa inombolo ngopende. Kuphawulwa izici zendawo nenani le-zihlahla eziphehliwe kanye nanoma yikuphi okunye ukwaziswa okudingekayo kokusiza amanxusa azosebenza lapho ukuba anqume ukuthi yini engenziwa ukuze kulawulwe ukusakazeka kokuphehlwa.
Izindlela Zokulilawula
Uma indawo enezihlahla eziphehliwe inkulu ngokwanele ukuba lezi zihlahla zigawulwe, kuthunyelwa elinye iqembu ukuba liyodweba ibalazwe laleyo ndawo. Ipulani lokugawula izihlahla liyiswa eMnyangweni Wezamahlathi ukuze liphasiswe. Inkampani egawula izihlahla ithwala nomthwalo wokuphinde itshale izihlahla kuleyo ndawo futhi inakekele izithombo zize zikhule zikwazi ukushiywa zodwa. Le nqubo ayivumeli nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwezihlahla kodwa futhi ilawula ukwanda kokuphehlwa futhi inakekele nokukhula kwezihlahla ezintsha.
Nokho, uma ukugawulwa kwazo kungenakuphumelela, kungase kutuswe ukuba kwelashwe isihlahla ngasinye. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukujova izihlahla eziphehliwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane, noma zigawulwe futhi zishiselwe kuleyo ndawo. Le ndlela yakamuva yokulawula, eyenziwa ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba amabhungane aphume, iyaphumelela kakhulu kodwa futhi iwumsebenzi onzima. UDale, onguchwepheshe ekutholeni nasekulawuleni ukuphehlwa okunjalo, uchazela i-Phaphama! isimiso sosuku lomsebenzi.
“Isinyathelo sokuqala sihilela ukushayela ngobuciko emigwaqweni enomzila owodwa okuhamba kuyo namaloli amakhulu agawula izihlahla athwele imithwalo emikhulu. Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha sisebenzisa o-ova ukuze silawule okwenzeka emgwaqweni. Lapho kuphela khona umgwaqo, sethula izimoto zethu zaseqhweni bese sigibela sishushuluze sishone ehlathini. I-GPS namakhampasi ethu kupakishwa kahle, kanye namasaha kagesi, uphethilomu, uwoyela, izimbazo, o-ova, izicathulo zaseqhweni nezinto zosizo lokuqala. Siwela amaxhaphozi, sidlule ezindaweni ezinemithi egawuliwe futhi sinqamule ehlathini amakhilomitha ambalwa ngezindlela ezindala. Lapho izimoto zethu zaseqhweni zingasakwazi ukuhamba khona, sihamba ngezinyawo sifake izicathulo zaseqhweni, ezenza sikwazi ukuhamba eqhweni elijule ngamayintshi angu-50 [amasentimitha angu-120] kwezinye izindawo, nakuba kunzima.
“Le ndawo emazombezombe yenza ukuthwala izinto ezingamaphawundi angu-30 [amakhilogremu angu-15] kube inselele. Izinhliziyo zethu zishaya ngamandla ngenxa yokukhathala. Yeka ukuthi sijabula kanjani ukuthola le ndawo! Kodwa manje umsebenzi wangempela usuyaqala. Isisebenzi esiqeqeshiwe nesiwaziyo umsebenzi sigawula izihlahla eziphehliwe ngobukhulu ubuciko. Ngemva kwalokho, kungena iqembu elinquma izihlahla zibe nobude obuzokwenza kube lula ukuzishisa. Amagxolo kufanele ashiswe ngokuphelele ukuze kuqedwe izibungu. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokuba umsebenzi ume ukuze kudliwe ukudla kwasemini, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwezinga-qhwa ngo-4° Fahrenheit [ngo-20° Celsius] lisenza siwazise umlilo wethu. Siyawotha futhi sincibilikise kuwo amasemishi ethu ayiqhwa. Bese kushaya isikhathi sokuphindela emsebenzini. Nokho, kungakabiphi sekuqala ukuhwalala njengoba kusebusika, kwenze sikhumbule ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokugoduka.”
Ukusebenza Ehlane
Imisebenzi yezisebenzi zasehlathini iyabizela. Njengoba lezi zisebenzi ezinekhono zibhekana nezinselele, ziyajabula futhi ngendalo ezizungezile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubuka izwe elimangalisayo nezigemegeme zasendle ezithakazelisayo. Okunye ezihlangabezana nakho akunangozi, njengalapho i-grouse ibanga umsindo iphuma ngaphansi kweqhwa eduze kwalapho zimi khona noma ingwejeje engenangozi iphuma emgodini wayo idlula emlenzeni wesisebenzi oqhaqhazelayo, isethusa kakhulu. Nokho, okunye abahlangabezana nakho kungababulala—umuntu angajahwa ibhere elinsundu noma elimnyama lakule ndawo. Nokho, ngokuvamile izingozi zingancishiswa ngokuqapha nangokuqeqeshwa, futhi izisebenzi zingajabulela indawo yasehlane ngaphandle kokwesaba ngokungadingekile.
Kwenziwa intuthuko ethakazelisayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuchwepheshe ekulondolozeni imikhiqizo ebalulekile yomhlaba. Abantu abaningi abanonembeza bazama ukuvikela nokulondoloza izihlahla zethu eziyigugu ngokulawula izinto ezinjengebhungane likaphayini wasentabeni. Ngokungangabazeki, kuningi esisengakufunda ngamahlathi ethu amangalisayo. Silangazelela isikhathi lapho siyokwazi ukuwanakekela khona ngokuvumelana ngokuphelele nomklamo wawo wasekuqaleni.
[Ibhokisi/Umdwebo ekhasini 22]
Umjikelezo Wokuphila Webhungane Likaphayini Wasentabeni
Phakathi nehlobo ibhungane lensikazi elidala ligubha imbobo egxolweni likaphayini i-lodgepole lishone phakathi. Ngemva kokuhlangana nelesilisa, lizalela amaqanda angaba ngu-75. Phakathi nale nqubo lidlulisela isikhutha esiluhlaza phakathi okhunini ukuze livikele ukuphuma kwenhlaka engabulala amabhungane. Kamuva amaqanda achamusela isibungu esikhulu esidla i-phloem (ingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi) yesihlahla. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okuhlasela kwebhungane okuphumelelayo, isihlahla siyafa ngenxa yokuhlakazeka kwamanzi nokugeleza kwezakhi. Isibungu sikhula ebusika bese siphuma ehlobo sindize sihlasele izihlahla ezintsha futhi siphinde umjikelezo.
[Umdwebo]
(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)
Elidala
Amaqanda
Isibungu
Isiphungumangathi
[Izithombe ekhasini 22, 23]
Isithombe esithathwe eduze sesihlahla esidliwe
Izihlahla ezihlaselekile
Inhlaka