IYurophu Enobunye—Kungani Iyosho Lukhulu? — Watchtower UMTAPO OKUYI-INTHANETHI

IYurophu Enobunye—Kungani Iyosho Lukhulu?

KWAQHUNYISWA izivalo zamawayini. Iziqhumane zokudlala zagcwala umkhathi. Kwakwenzenjani? Kwakuyinkulungwane entsha yeminyaka? Cha, lesi senzakalo kwakuphikiswana ngokuthi sibaluleke kakhulu kunokushintsha nje kwezinombolo emakhalendeni ezwe. Kwakungu-January 1, 1999. Ngalolo suku kwakumiswa uhlobo olulodwa lwemali entsha ye-European Union (EU) ngokomthetho—uhlobo lwemali ebizwa ngokuthi i-euro.a

Abantu abaningi baseYurophu babheka ukwethulwa kohlobo olulodwa lwemali njengesinyathelo esibalulekile njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside iYurophu iphishekela ubunye. Iphephandaba laseDutch i-Telegraaf lahalalisela ukumiswa kwe-euro ‘njengomqhele ebunyeni beYurophu.’ Ngempela, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka amaphupho, izingxoxo zokuhlanganisa amazwe nokubambezeleka, ubunye baseYurophu sebubonakala buseduze kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.

Kuyavunywa, abantu abahlala ngaphandle kweYurophu bangase bazibuze ukuthi eyani yonke le njabulo engaka. Ukufika kwe-euro nemizamo yokuhlanganisa iYurophu kungase kubonakale kungakuthinti ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Nokho, ukuhlanganiswa kweYurophu kuzoba ubumbano lwamazwe lwezomnotho olukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke ubunye beYurophu ngeke ubushaye indiva—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlalaphi.

Ngokwesibonelo, iSekela loMphathi woMnyango kaHulumeni wase-United States, uMarc Grossman, muva nje litshele umphakathi waseNyakatho Melika: “Ukuchuma kwethu kuncike eYurophu.” Ngani? Phakathi kwezizathu elazibala kwakuwukuthi “isisebenzi sasembonini esisodwa kwezingu-12 e-United States sisebenza kwelinye lamabhizinisi angu-4 000 okungawaseYurophu kodwa ase-United States.” Futhi kubikwa ukuthi, imali entsha yaseYurophu ingase ithinte intengo yezimpahla ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe—ngisho nenani lezibambiso zemali ebolekiwe—emazweni akude neYurophu.

Amazwe asathuthuka angase azuze. Kanjani? Omunye umbiko uyaphawula: “Ukuthatha kwe-euro indawo yezinhlobo ezihlukene zemali yaseYurophu kuzokwenza kube lula ngamazwe asathuthuka ukuqhuba ubudlelwane bezentengiselwano ne-EU.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babikezela ukuthi izinkampani zaseJapane nezase-United States ezinamabhizinisi eYurophu zizozuza. Ngokusungulwa kwe-euro, ngeke isaba bikho inkinga yokushintshashintsha kwamanani okushintsha imali phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu. Ukuba nebhizinisi eYurophu kungase konge kakhulu.

Uma uhlela ukuya eYurophu, nawe ungase uzizwe izinzuzo zobunye beYurophu. Ngokushesha uzobe usukwazi ukuthenga izimpahla uthole nezinkonzo emazweni ahlukene aseYurophu ngohlobo olulodwa lwemali, i-euro, elinganayo ne-dollar lase-United States. Zizodlula izinsuku lapho ababuki bamazwe abadidekile kudingeka baphathe khona ama-gulden, ama-franc, ama-lire, ama-deutsche mark nemishini yokubala.

Nokho, isinyathelo seYurophu sokuba yizwekazi elihlangene siletha okuthile okuthakazelisa nakakhulu—ithemba. Ake ucabange nje, emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule iYurophu yayihlaselwe yimpi. Uma ucabangela lokho, ubunye beYurophu buyinto emangalisayo. Abantu kulo lonke izwe bayakuphawula.

Abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba ubunye bezwe lonke buyinto engenzeka ngempela. Leli ithemba elivusa ilukuluku ngempela! Ingabe isinyathelo seYurophu sobunye sizosondeza umuntu ezweni elinobunye? Ngaphambi kokuphendula lowo mbuzo, kudingeka sikubheke ngobuqotho ukuhlanganiswa kweYurophu. Yiziphi izithiyo ezisendleleni eya ebunyeni okusadingeka zisuswe?

[Umbhalo waphansi]

a I-euro eyodwa ilingana no-R6.

[Ibhokisi/Ishadi ekhasini 4]

UKWAKHIWA KOBUNYE?

Indaba yobunye beYurophu ayiyintsha neze. Kwakunobunye ngesilinganiso esithile ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, nangaphansi kokubusa kukaCharlemagne, futhi kamuva ngaphansi kukaNapoléon I. Ezimweni ezinjalo ubunye babusekelwe emandleni nasekunqobeni. Nokho, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, amazwe amaningi ayekhungethwe yimpi abona ukuthi kudingeka ubunye obusekelwe ekubambisaneni. La mazwe ayenethemba lokuthi ukubambisana okunjalo ngeke kuholele ekusimameni kwezomnotho kuphela kodwa nasekuqedweni kwempi. Lokhu okulandelayo ezinye zezinyathelo ezibalulekile ezaholela esimweni samanje:

• Ngo-1948 Amakhulu abaholi bezombangazwe baseYurophu ahlangana eHague, eNetherlands, futhi enza isifungo: “Ngeke siphinde silwe sodwa.”

• Ngo-1950 IFrance neJalimane iqala ukubambisana ukuze ivikele izimboni zayo zamalahle nensimbi. Amanye amazwe ahlanganyela nayo, futhi lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). I-ECSC iqala ukusebenza ngo-1952 futhi ihlanganisa iBelgium, iFrance, i-Italy, iLuxembourg, iNetherlands neNtshonalanga Jalimane.

• Ngo-1957 Amalungu ayisithupha e-ECSC akha ezinye izinhlangano ezimbili: i-European Economic Community (EEC) ne-European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom).

• Ngo-1967 I-EEC ihlangana ne-ECSC ne-Euratom bakha i-European Community (EC).

• Ngo-1973 I-EC yamukela iDenmark, i-Ireland ne-United Kingdom.

• Ngo-1981 IGreece iba yilungu le-EC.

• Ngo-1986 IPortugal neSpain kuba amalungu e-EC.

• Ngo-1990 I-EC iyakhula lapho iNtshonalanga neMpumalanga Jalimane kuhlangana, kuletha amazwe ayeyiMpumalanga Jalimane kule nhlangano.

• Ngo-1993 Imizamo yokwakha umfela ndawonye omkhudlwana wezomnotho nowezombangazwe wamalungu e-EC iholela ekwakhekeni kwe-European Union (EU).

• Ngo-2000 I-EU isinamazwe angu-15 angamalungu—i-Austria, iBelgium, iDenmark, iFinland, iFrance, iGreece, i-Ireland, i-Italy, iJalimane, iLuxembourg, iNetherlands, iPortugal, iSpain, iSweden ne-United Kingdom.

[Isithombe ekhasini 3]

I-euro izothatha indawo yezinhlobo eziningi zemali yaseYurophu

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 3]