Iphupho Lobunye BeYurophu
“ONQENQEMENI Lwephupho.” Kungaleyondlela iphephandaba iEuropean elasibhala ngayo isihloko esiqhamile esasikhuluma “ngobubhudubhudu bokuhlanganiswa kweYurophu.” Laba khona kanjani leliphupho? Ingabe amathemba aphakeme eliwavusayo afanelekile?
Ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, uWinston Churchill wasikisela ukuba kubunjwe “iUnited States of Europe.” Kusukela ngalesosikhathi izinto ziye zabonakala ziyela ngakulokho. Manje, unyaka ka-1992 utuswa njengoyingqopha-mlando yokugcwalisa leliphupho. Kodwa kungani kutuswa u-1992?
Kalula nje, ngasekupheleni konyaka ozayo, amalungu angu-12 e-EC (European Community) ahlela ukufinyelela ubunye obuphelele ngokwezomnotho. Lokhu kuyosho ukuphela kwayo yonke imingcele yemali ekhokhelwa izimpahla zakwamanye amazwe. Kuyovumela izakhamuzi ezingaphakathi kweCommunity ukuba zihambe ngaphandle kwemingcele ukusuka kwelinye izwe ukuya kwelinye, zinamathuba okuthola umsebenzi namalungelo okufana nokwezakhamuzi zendawo. Ekugcineni, kuyoba nohlobo olulodwa lwemali, izakhamuzi ziyonikwa amaphasipothi aseYurophu nezincwadi zokushayela zakhona, futhi kuyokwakhiwa nebhange eliyinhloko laseYurophu. Kuyophishekelwa izimiso ezifanayo ngokuphathelene nezinkinga zendawo ezungezile nokusetshenziswa kwamandla enuzi. Imithetho yemigwaqo neminye imithetho iyovumelaniswa.
Ngaleyondlela iEC iyoba imakethe yezangaphakathi engeyesithathu kwezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ingxenye yesihlanu egcwele yazo zonke ezohwebo zomhlaba—kokubili ezingenayo neziphumayo—iyohilela izwe eliyilungu le-EC. Ngakho izimiso zayo ezingokomnotho ngokunengqondo ziyothonya umnotho womhlaba wonke, kuhlanganise neminotho yamazwe asathuthuka.
Ukuhlola kwamuva kubonisa ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-70 abo bonke abantu baseYurophu avuna izinguquko ezihlongozwayo. Eqinisweni, izakhamuzi eziningi zamazwe angamalungu e-EC, zifuna ngisho nokudlulela ngalé kwalokho. Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zazo zisekela ukuhlanganiswa kokucwaninga kwezesayensi nokuthola izinzuzo ezilinganayo zokuvikeleka komphakathi. Abangaphezu kwesigamu bafuna ngisho nokuba nesimiso esisodwa sezindaba zangaphandle.
Ngaleyondlela, ukuthambekela kuye kwasuka ekuhlanganisweni okungasho lutho kwezomnotho kwaya ebunyeni obungenzeka bezombangazwe. Manje, ngokuzuma okungalindelekile, izehlakalo ezingabonwanga kusengaphambili ziye zanika lomgomo umfutho omusha.
“Siyaqhutshezelwa”
NgoNovember 9, 1989, uDonga LwaseBerlin lwawa. Umqondo wokuhlanganisa iJalimane, owawuvame ukudingidwa kodwa ucatshangelwa njengongenakwenzeka, waphinde waba indaba yempikiswano evuthayo. Ukuhlanganisa manje kwabonakala kungenakugwenywa, kodwa akukho noyedwa owaba nesibindi sokubikezela ukuthi kwakuzokwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Lapho ungqongqoshe wezezimali waseJalimane uHelmut Kohl esolwa ngokuwasheshisa kakhulu amalungiselelo okuhlanganisa, waphawula: “Akumina ozama ukusheshisa izinto. Siyaqhutshezelwa.” Ngo-October 3, 1990,—esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-11 ngemva kokuba uDonga luwile—amaJalimane ayegubha umkhosi. IJalimane yayisiphinde yahlanganiswa.
Umhlaba wajabula ngokuthi iMpi Yomshoshaphansi yase iphelile, njengoba kwakufakazelwa iJalimane esihlanganisiwe. Ngalesosikhathi, esinye isehlakalo esasingalindelekile sase singundab’ uzekwayo. Ukuhlasela kweIraq iKuwait kwakuzowathinta kanjani amalungiselelo ka-1992? Umcosheli wezindaba uJohn Palmer waphawula: “Isiphithiphithi saseGulf sisheshisa isivinini sokuhlangana kwamazwe e-European Community ngokwezomnotho nangokwezombangazwe kunokuba silehlise—futhi kungenzeka sisheshisa nosuku lapho iEC iyosebenzisa khona isimiso esisodwa sezangaphandle nezokuvikela.”
Nokho, phakathi nalesosiphithiphithi nezinsuku ezesabisayo zempi eyalandela, iEuropean Community ayikwazanga ukufinyelela esimisweni esisodwa. Lokhu kwaholela iEuropean ekubeni ibhale: “Ukungabi namandla kweCommunity ngesikhathi sesiphithiphithi esikhulu sezizwe zonke kuye kwabonisa indlela okubaluleke ngayo ukuba iYurophu imise isimiso esisodwa sezokuvikela nezangaphandle esiyenza ikwazi ukwenza ngobunye nangokuzethemba.” Iphetha ngendlela enika ithemba, yathi: “Isiphithiphithi saseGulf singanika iYurophu ithuba lokuba yenze ukulungisa ngokwenza kwayo ngendlela edabukisayo futhi ithathe isinyathelo esibalulekile sokubonisa ukuthi ubunye obungokombangazwe bungenzeka.”
Amathemba Anda Kakhudlwana
Amazwe amaningi ngokwengeziwe manje afuna ukuba ngamalungu e-EC. IAustria, iCyprus, iMalta, neTurkey aye afaka izicelo zokuba amalungu. Amanye okungenzeka abe amalungu yiFinland, i-Iceland, iNorway, iSweden, neSwitzerland. Ngisho namazwe ayewudonga lwaseMpumalanga aye abonisa isithakazelo, kuhlanganise neCzechoslovakia, iHungary, nePoland. Nokho, izicelo zamazwe anjalo ngeke zicatshangelwe kuze kube ngemva kuka-1992, lapho ukuhlanganiswa ngokuphelele kwezomnotho zamalungu angu-12 e-EC kuyokwenzeka khona.
Kuyavunywa ukuthi kuye kwaba khona intuthuko enkulu ngokuphathelene nobunye beYurophu—futhi lokhu kuye kwenzeka ngesivinini okwake kwacatshangwa ukuthi asinakwenzeka nangezinga elikhudlwana kunalelo abantu abake baliphupha. UHans-Dietrich Genscher, ungqongqoshe wezangaphandle waseJalimane, ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 wabhala: “Sibona kuzoba nohlelo olusha eYurophu lapho imingcele ingeke isaba imigoqo ehlukanisayo, lapho izizwe zingase zikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kokwesabana, nalapho abantu bekhululekile ukukhetha izimiso zabo siqu zezombangazwe nezenhlalo.” Wenezela: “Lombono awuselona iphupho. Uzofinyelelwa.”
Kodwa ingabe ubunye obunjalo bungalindelwa ngokoqobo? Uma kunjalo, ingabe lokhu kuyonika ithemba lokuthi ubunye beYurophu buyisinyathelo sokuqala esiya kokuthile okukhudlwana—ubunye bomhlaba?
Akekho ongaphika ukuthi umhlaba udinga ubunye, ngoba ubunye bungaba usizo olukhulu ekuxazululeni ezinye zezinkinga zesintu ezingathi sína. Cabanga ukuthi yini ebingafinyelelwa ukuba isikhathi namandla okuchithelwa ekuphikisaneni bekungaqondiswa emizamweni yobunye yokuxazulula izinkinga ezifanayo ukuze bonke bajabule!
Ngokuhlanganisa izimiso zazo zezomnotho nezezimali, inani elandayo lamazwe manje libonakala lihlose ukuvivinyana ukuthi ngalinye lizimisele yini ukubambisana. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ephishekela ukuba nemakethe yezomnotho eyodwa yaseAsia, amazwe aseAustralia, iBrunei, iCanada, i-Indonesia, iJapane, iMalaysia, iNew Zealand, iPhilippines, iSingapore, iRiphabhuliki yaseKorea, iThailand, neUnited States, enza ilungiselelo lezomnotho elibizwa ngokuthi iAsia Pacific Economic Cooperation.
Ngakho uhlelo yilolu: iJalimane esanda kuhlanganiswa, eyingxenye yeYurophu ezohlanganiswa ngokushesha, eholela emhlabeni onobunye okungasekude ukuba ube njalo. Lomqondo uzwakala umuhle, kodwa ingabe kuwukubheka izinto ngeso elingokoqobo ukukholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka?
Ukuhlanganisa IJalimane Kabusha—Kunzima!
Nakuba iJalimane isiye yaba nobunye kwezombangazwe nakwezomnotho isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, izwe lithwele kanzima. Kusekhona ukwahlukana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwezifunda ezintsha ezinhlanu (ezaziyiMpumalanga Jalimane ekuqaleni) nakulo lonke lelizwe. Isasasa lokuhlanganiswa kwayo kabusha seliphelile, manje abantu sebeyaqaphela ukuthi ubunye abutholakali kalula. Ngandlela-thile, bonke, abezombangazwe nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo, baphoqelelwa ukuba babhekane nemiphumela.
Ekuqaleni kwalonyaka, iEuropean yakhuluma “ngesiphithiphithi esingokomzwelo” esikhona kulokho okwake kwaba iMpumalanga Jalimane. Ngenxa yokuqaphela amaqiniso abuhlungu angokwezomnotho okuhlanganiswa kabusha kwalamazwe nokuwa kwezimiso zezenhlalo zobuKhomanisi, odokotela lapho babika ukwenyuka okuphawulekayo kwezifo zengqondo nezifo ezihlobene nokucindezeleka.
UDkt. Gisela Ehle, isazi sezifo zengqondo, uthi “umuzwa wokungabi nalusizo unjengesifo esiwumqedazwe” nokuthi “bonke abantu okhuluma nabo banesifo sokucindezeleka.” Eqinisweni, lonke ushintsho olukhulu okwaziwa ukuthi lubanga ukucindezeleka lwenzeka kulabantu: “ukungasebenzi, izinkinga zomshado, ukungaqiniseki ngekusasa, izinkinga ezingokwezimali, ukungazazi, ngokuvamile ukulahlekelwa isikhundla emphakathini okungathi sína nokuntuleka okuvamile kwenjongo ekuphileni.”—The European.
Ukuhlanganisa IYurophu —Ingabe Kulula?
Uma ukuhlanganisa kabusha amaJalimane, abantu abanesizinda esifanayo esingokomlando abakhuluma ulimi olulodwa, kubonakala kunzima, kuthiwani ngokwenza “iYurophu engenamingcele” leyo upapa waseRome athé mayenziwe? Ukufinyelela ubunye obulwelwa iEC ngo-1992—ukuhlanganiswa kweminotho engu-12 enamazinga ahlukene entuthuko namandla, amazwe angu-12 anamazinga ahlukene okuntuleka kwemisebenzi nokwehla kwamandla emali—kuyoba nzima ngokwenele.
Ngokusobala, u-1992 uyoveza abehlulekayo nabaphumelelayo. Emakethe yeEC eyandisiwe okulindeleke ukuba ibe nabathengi abayizigidi ezingu-320, amanye amabhizinisi ayokwazi kangcono ukuncintisana kunamanye. Nokho, abanye osomabhizinisi bathi izinkampane ezimbili kulezo nalezo ezintathu ze-EC ziyothinteka kabi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba abahambi bamazwe bengase bakwamukele ukuqedwa kokulawulwa kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe, izisebenzi zokulawulwa kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezilinganiselwa ku-80 000 kulo lonke elaseYurophu ziyodinga imisebenzi emisha.
UPaul Wilkinson, uprofesa wezifundo zezizwe zonke, usikhumbuza ukuthi ngisho nakuba singena ku-1992, “kuseyiYurophu enezingxenye ezibuswa ababusi abehlukene,” ngayinye “enamasiko ayo siqu okuphoqelelwa kwemithetho” “nesimiso sayo esingokomthetho.” Uyaxwayisa: “Ukubambisana kuyokwenzeka kancane kancane nangendlela ebuhlungu.”
Ngaphandle kwezinkinga zolimi, ukuhluka kwezizinda zezenhlalo, nezindlela zokuqhuba ibhizinisi ezingqubuzanayo, ngokunokwenzeka inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke okumelwe kubhekanwe nayo ukunqotshwa kokubandlululana kwezizwe okuthatha isikhathi eside ukuba kuphele. Njengoba owayengungqongqoshe waseJalimane uWilly Brandt ake asho: “Izindonga ezisengqondweni zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunalezo ezakhiwe ngokhonkolo.”
Nakuba kunjalo, umuzwa ungojabulisayo, amathemba aphakeme. “Akekho ocabanga ukuthi u-1992 uyoba unyaka olula,” kubhala omunye umcosheli wezamabhizinisi, “kodwa ithemba libonakala likhanya.”
Kuyinto Engokoqobo Kangakanani?
Ngisho noma kokubili ubunye obungokomnotho nobungokombangazwe bebungase bufinyelelwe, ingabe lokhu bekungakha isisekelo sokuthola ukuthula kweqiniso nokulondeka okuhlala njalo? Nokho, ake ucabange: Nakuba iUnited States of America yakhiwa amazwe angu-50 ngalinye linemithetho nohulumeni walo okunobunye ngokwezomnotho ngaphansi kukahulumeni wesizwe sonke, lelozwe lisalokhu linezigidi zabantu abangasebenzi; ukuzinza kwalo ngokomnotho kusalokhu kusongelwa ukwehla komnotho okwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kanye nezigigaba ezivela njalo zokwehla kwamandla emali. Futhi izinga lobunye bezombangazwe alizange livimbele lelozwe ekuhlushweni ukungcoliswa okwesabekayo, ubugebengu, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, ubumpofu, nokubandlululana kwezinhlanga.
Sikhuluma ngezibhelu ezisezweni laso, isazi-mlando saseSoviet uYuri Afanasyev sathi: “Inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni lethu iye yavela endaweni ebingalindelekile neze: emkhayeni wethu onezinhlanga ezehlukahlukene. . . . Sasicabanga ukuthi umbuso wethu uvikelekile ezinkingeni ezinjalo; kakade, asizange yini sibe nokuvikeleka okungenani ngokwezinga elithile ezinkingeni eziba phakathi kwabantu ngenxa yokuthi ‘sinobunye babantu obuphakade’?”
Ngokusobala ubunye obungokombangazwe nobungokomnotho abanele ukuba bakhe ubunye bangempela. Ukuze kwakhiwe “ubunye babantu obuphakade,” kudingeka okuthile okwengeziwe. Okuyini?
Amathemba Anezisekelo Ezinhle
Lapho kunobunye beqiniso, impi ayaziwa. Kodwa ubufakazi obungenakuphikiswa bokuthi abantu bahlukene ngendlela enganiki-themba buyiqiniso lokuthi bebelokhu bebulalana ezimpini zezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ingabe lokhu kuchithwa okungenangqondo kokuphila kwabantu kuyoke kuphele?
Yebo, kuyophela. Injongo kaNkulunkulu emenyezelwayo iwukuletha izwe elinokuthula. Kanjani? Ngokuqeda izikhali ngokuphelele. Ebhala ngaphansi kokuphefumulelwa umhubi waseBhayibhelini wathi: “Wozani nibone izenzo zikaJehova, izincithakalo azenzileyo emhlabeni. Uphelisa ukulwa kuze kube-semikhawulweni yomhlaba.”—IHubo 46:8, 9.
UDeveli ngentukuthelo umelana nalesimiso saphezulu sokufinyelela ubunye bomhlaba. Kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe I, lamazwi avela eBhayibhelini ayasebenza: “Maye kuwe-mhlaba nakuwe-lulwandle, ngokuba uSathane wehlele kini enolaka olukhulu, azi ukuthi unesikhathi esifushane.”—IsAmbulo 12:12.
Ubunye bomhlaba, kanye nokuthula kweqiniso nokulondeka okuhambisana nabo, busekelwe ekukhulekelweni ngobunye kukaNkulunkulu ‘ophelisa ukulwa’; abusekelwanga ekukhulekelweni okuhlukanisayo kwembangi yakhe, echazwe ‘njengenolaka olukhulu, yazi ukuthi inesikhathi esifushane.’ Ukuze amathemba ethu obunye bomhlaba agcwaliseke, kumelwe asekelwe ekwamukeleni iqiniso lokuthi uMbuso kaNkulunkulu uyinto engokoqobo, ukuthi unguhulumeni ongokoqobo obusa emazulwini. Lohulumeni womhlaba ogunyazwe uJehova uNkulunkulu ngokwakhe uwukuphela kwendlela ubunye bezwe obuyofinyelelwa ngayo.
UMbuso kaNkulunkulu kakade usubumba iqenjana lomphakathi womhlaba onobunye ukuze uthathe indawo yezwe elehlukene phakathi, elilwayo esilaziyo manje. Isiprofetho seBhayibheli sithi: “Kuyakuthi ngezinsuku ezizayo . . . Abantu abaningi [abavela kuzo zonke izizwe] bayakuhamba, bathi: Wozani sikhuphukele entabeni kaJehova endlini kaNkulunkulu kaJakobe; uyakusifundisa izindlela zakhe, sihambe emikhondweni yakhe, . . . bayakukhanda izinkemba zabo zibe-ngamakhuba, nemikhonto yabo ibe-ngocelemba; isizwe asiyikuphakamisela isizwe inkemba, zingabe zisafunda ukulwa.”—Isaya 2:2-4.
Lesiprofetho seBhayibheli asichazi isimiso sezwe elisha elenziwe abantu, ngisho nakuba lamazwi amnandi eye aqoshwa odongeni lwesakhiwo seZizwe Ezihlangene eDolobheni laseNew York. Kunalokho, lesiprofetho esimayelana nokuthula nobunye phakathi kwabantu abaningi namuhla sigcwaliseka koFakazi BakaJehova, abavela ezizweni zomhlaba ezingaphezu kuka-200. Phakathi kwabo kubonakala ubufakazi obungenakungatshazwa bokuthi umphakathi wezwe elisha ngempela uyakhiwa.
OFakazi BakaJehova bazimisele ukufundiswa ngeZwi likaNkulunkulu. Basebenzisa izinto abazifundayo, kuhlanganise nomyalo wokuba baphile ngokuthula ngokuyeka izikhali zempi. Ngaleyondlela bajabulela ubunye bomhlaba wonke obungekho kunoma iyiphi enye inhlangano emhlabeni, kungaba eyenkolo, eyezomnotho, noma eyezombangazwe. Lokhu ngokuqinisekile kwaboniswa imihlangano yesigodi yoFakazi BakaJehova kulelihlobo eledlule lapho eMpumalanga Yurophu kuphela, kunabangaphezu kuka-370 000 ababehlangene ngokuthula nangobunye!
Ngempela, akekho kithi ongaqiniseka ngokuthi amathemba ezomnotho noma ezombangazwe ango-1992 ayofezeka ngokwezinga elingakanani. Kodwa singaqiniseka ngamanye amathemba. Ngokwesibonelo, u-1992 uzoba nokuqhubeka, njengoba nje kuhleliwe, kokubala kwaphezulu okuholela ekukhishweni kwesahlulelo sikaNkulunkulu ezweni likaSathane. (Isaya 55:11; Habakuki 2:3) Ngaleyondlela, u-1992 uyosondeza amaKristu athembekile eduze nezwe elisha likaNkulunkulu elithenjisiwe, okuyoba khona kulo ukulunga, ngesikhathi esingangonyaka.
OFakazi BakaJehova bamema abathandi bobunye bomhlaba ukuba bawahlole ngokuseduze kakhulu lamathemba esikhathi esizayo asekelwe eBhayibhelini. Angamathemba amahle kakhulu angeke angagcwaliseki!
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 21]
Endleleni Eya Ebunyeni BeYurophu
1948: IBelgium, iNetherlands, neLuxemborg (Benelux) asungula ukuhlanganiswa kwentela yezimpahla zakwamanye amazwe, enza isisekelo sokuhlanganiswa komnotho ngo-1960 nokuqedwa kokulawula kwemingcele ngo-1970
1951: Isivumelwano seYurophu seCoal and Steel Community siyasayinwa eParis
1957: Isivumelwano seRome simisa iEconomic Community yaseYurophu neBELGIUM, iFEDERAL REPUBLIC YASEJALIMANE, iFRANCE, i-ITALY, iLUXEMBOURG, neNETHERLANDS njengamalungu okuqala
1959: IAustria, iBrithani, iDenmark, iNorway, iPortugal, iSweden, neSwitzerland akha iFree Trade Association yaseYurophu
1973: IBRITHANI, iDENMARK, neIRELAND ajoyina iEC
1979: IMonetary System yaseYurophu iyamiswa; kuba nokhetho lokuqala oluqondile lwePhalamende yaseYurophu
1981: IGRISI yamukelwa njengelungu le-EC
1986: IPORTUGAL neSPAIN ajoyina iEC
Phawula: Amazwe angu-12 angamalungu e-EC aboniswa ngofeleba.
[Isithombe ekhasini 23]
Lapho ukulawulwa kwezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe kuphela, abantu abangu-80 000 bayodinga imisebenzi emisha