Isinyathelo Esisha Sokuthola Impilo Engcono?
Zimbalwa izinto abantu abazikhathalela njengempilo. Ngezinye izikhathi, imibono yabantu miningi njengodokotela bezempilo. Esikhundleni sokusekela uhlangothi oluthile, ngalolu chungechunge lwezihloko, i-Phaphama! ibika ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ngamakhambi. Asitusi noma iyiphi indlela yokwelapha esizoxoxa ngayo noma ezinye izindlela. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha okungashiwo lutho ngazo—ezinye ezithandwa kakhulu, ezinye eziyimpikiswano. Sikholelwa ukuthi imfundo ngezempilo ngokuvamile iwusizo; izinqumo eziphathelene nempilo ezomuntu siqu.
WONKE umuntu ufuna ukuba ngumqemane. Kodwa akulula ukuba ngumqemane, njengoba kubonakala ngenani labantu abakhala ngempilo. Kubonakala sengathi kunabantu abaningi abagulayo namuhla kunanini ngaphambili.
Ukuze balwe nezifo, odokotela abaningi bathembele ngokugcwele ekugunyazeni imithi eyenziwa futhi ikhangiswe ngokuzimisela yizinkampani ezithaka imithi. Ngokuphawulekayo, ukuthengiswa kwemithi enjalo emhlabeni wonke kuye kwanda kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva, kusukela emaRandini ayizigidi zezinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuya ezigidigidini zamaRandi ngonyaka. Uye waba yini umphumela?
Imithi egunyazwe ngodokotela iye yasiza abantu abaningi. Nokho, impilo yabanye abantu abaphuza imithi ayizange ithuthuke noma iye yaba yimbi nakakhulu. Ngakho, muva nje abanye baye baqala ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
Lapho Abaningi Bephendukela Khona
Ezindaweni lapho imithi yesimanje yodokotela ibisetshenziswa khona, abaningi manje sebesebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imithi engamakhambi. I-Consumer Reports ka-May 2000 yathi: “Kubonakala sengathi uDonga Olukhulu osekuyisikhathi eside luhlukanise imithi engamakhambi neyodokotela seluyabhidlika.”
I-Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), ka-November 11, 1998, yaphawula: “Imithi engamakhambi, echazwa ngokuthi iyizithasiselo okungafundiswa lutho ngazo ezikoleni zezokwelapha futhi engatholakali ngokuvamile ezibhedlela zase-US, iye yadonsa ukunaka okukhulu kwemithombo yezindaba yezwe, umkhakha wezokwelapha, izinhlangano zikahulumeni nomphakathi.”
Nokho, iphawula izimo zamanje, ngo-1997 i-Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy yachaza: “Esikhathini esidlule, odokotela abasebenzisa imithi evamile bebeyingabaza imithi engamakhambi, kodwa izikole zezokwelapha ezingu-27 e-United States [umbiko wamuva uthi zingu-75] sezinezifundo umuntu angakhetha kuzo eziphathelene namakhambi, kuhlanganise neHarvard, iStanford, i-University of Arizona neYale.”
I-JAMA yaphawula lokho iziguli eziningi ezikwenzayo ngoba zizama ukuthuthukisa impilo yazo. Yabika: “Ngo-1990, umuntu oyedwa (19,9%) kwabahlanu owaya kudokotela ngenxa yesifo esithile wayesebenzisa neminye imithi engamakhambi. Leli nani lenyuka laya koyedwa (31,8%) kwabathathu ngo-1997.” Lesi sihloko saphawula nokuthi: “Ucwaningo lukazwelonke olwenziwa ngaphandle kwase-United States lubonisa ukuthi amakhambi ayathandwa kuwo wonke amazwe anezimboni.”
Ngokwe-JAMA, isilinganiso sabantu ababesebenzisa amakhambi phakathi nenkathi yezinyanga ezingu-12 muva nje sasingamaphesenti angu-15 eCanada, angu-33 eFinland nangu-49 e-Australia. I-JAMA yavuma: “Inkulu kakhulu indingeko yamakhambi.” Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngenxa yeqiniso lokuthi ngokuvamile amakhambi awafakwa emshuwalenseni. Ngakho lesi sihloko se-JAMA saphetha ngokuthi: “Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwamanje cishe ngeke kuliveze ngokuphelele izinga eliqondile uma kwandiswa ukukhokhelwa komshuwalense emithini engamakhambi esikhathini esizayo.”
Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuxuba amakhambi nemithi yodokotela kuwumkhuba ovamile emazweni amaningi. UDkt. Peter Fisher, weRoyal London Homeopathic Hospital, waphawula ukuthi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhambi sezibhekwa “cishe njengezivamile ezindaweni eziningi. Ayisekho imikhakha emibili yezokwelapha, owodokotela nowamakhambi. Manje sekunendlela enhle nembi yokwelapha kuphela.”
Ngakho namuhla ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha sebeyakubona ukubaluleka kwemithi yodokotela namakhambi. Esikhundleni sokucindezela isiguli ukuba samukele indlela yokwelapha ethile, batusa ukusebenzisa noma yini ebonakala iyinzuzo esigulini phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha.
Yiziphi ezinye izinqubo zokwelapha ngamakhambi? Ezinye zazo zavela nini futhi kuphi? Futhi kungani abaningi kangaka bezisebenzisa?