Imithi Engamakhambi—Okwenza Abaningi Bayisebenzise

IMITHI engamakhambi ihlanganisa uhla olude lwezinqubo nemithi yokwelapha. Eminingi ingena ngaphansi kohlu lwemithi yemvelo, okuyisimiso sokwelapha esigcizelela ukusebenzisa izinto zemvelo ukulungiselela umzimba nokuwunika ithuba lokuzelapha. Sekuyisikhathi eside umkhakha wezokwelapha wanamuhla uyilahlile noma ungayishayi mkhuba eminingi yale mithi, ebisetshenziswa amakhulu eminyaka.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-Journal of the American Medical Association yango-August 27, 1960, yaphawula ukuthi ukumboza amanxeba okusha ngezinto ezibandayo “kwakwaziwa kubantu basendulo kodwa kubonakala sengathi odokotela nabantu abavamile abasakushayi mkhuba. Nakuba kunezikhombo eziningi ezincwadini ezivumelanayo ngokusebenza kwale ndlela yokwelapha, ayivamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla. Yebo, odokotela abaningi bathi ‘ayisebenzi,’ nakuba engekho osaziyo isizathu.”

Nokho, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukugeza inxeba lokusha ngamanzi abandayo noma ukulibopha ngezindwangu ezibandayo sekuyatuswa futhi emkhakheni wodokotela bezokwelapha. I-Journal of Trauma ka-September 1963, yabika: “Sesiyanda isithakazelo sokusebenzisa amanzi abandayo lapho kuqala ukwelashwa kwamanxeba okusha kusukela ngesikhathi semibiko ka-Ofeigsson noSchulman ngo-1959 nango-1960. Sekuphele unyaka selapha iziguli ngale ndlela; imiphumela yethu yokwelapha mihle kakhulu.”

Ukwelapha ngamanzi abandayo kuphephile, futhi kuthoba ubuhlungu. I-hydrotherapy, esebenzisa amanzi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ekwelapheni izifo, iyasetshenziswa ekwelapheni ngamakhambi, futhi manje izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zale ndlela yokwelapha seziyasetshenziswa nasemkhakheni wezokwelapha wesimanje.a

Ngokufanayo, abelaphi bavame ukusebenzisa amakhambi ekwelapheni izifo. Lokhu bekuwumkhuba amakhulu—ngisho nezinkulungwane—zeminyaka ezingxenyeni ezithile zomhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, sekuyisikhathi eside ukusebenzisa amakhambi kuwumgogodla wezokwelapha eNdiya. Namuhla, cishe yonke indawo ochwepheshe abaningi bezokwelapha bayawaqaphela amandla asemakhambini athile okwelapha.

Okuhlangenwe Nakho Okuphawulekayo

Eminyakeni engaba yikhulu edlule, uRichard Willstätter, kamuva owaba umfundi we-biochemistry yezitshalo, wathonywa yilokho okwenzeka kumngane wakhe omncane, uSepp Schwab owayeneminyaka eyishumi. USepp wayenomlenze onesilonda esibhucukayo udokotela athi kwakufanele unqanyulwe ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa abazali bakaSepp bahlehlisa ukuhlinzwa kwakhe kwaze kwaba ngakusasa ekuseni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, bafuna umalusi othile owayenedumela lokwelapha ngamakhambi. Lo malusi wahlanganisa amakhambi athile, wawagxoba aze aba njengemfino ephekiwe, wayesegcoba isilonda.

Ngakusasa ekuseni isilonda sase singcono, futhi ukuhlinzwa kwaphinde kwahlehliswa. Ukwelapha kwaqhubeka, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isilonda saphola ngokuphelele. UWillstätter waqhubeka efundela ukuthaka imithi eMunich University eJalimane futhi kamuva wazuza umklomelo kaNobel ngenxa yezinto azithola ezihlobene nocwaningo lwakhe ngezakhi zemibala zezitshalo, ikakhulukazi i-chlorophyll. Ngokuphawulekayo, cishe amaphesenti angu-25 emithi ethakiwe esetshenziswa manje atholakala ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele kumakhemikhali amakhambi angokwemvelo.

Isidingo Sokulinganisela

Kodwa kufanele siqaphele ukuthi uma kuziwa ekwelapheni, lokho okusiza omunye umuntu kungase kungamsizi nhlobo omunye. Ukuphumelela kwanoma iyiphi indlela yokwelapha kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise nesifo esiphethe umuntu namandla aso kanye nesimo sempilo sogulayo. Ngisho nesikhathi singaba nethonya.

Ngokuvamile amakhambi awasheshi njengemithi evamile, ngakho isifo ebesingavinjelwa ukube besisheshe satholakala futhi selashwa, singase sibhebhetheke kuze kufuneke imithi enamandla—mhlawumbe ngisho nokuhlinzwa—ukuze kusindiswe ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, kungase kungabi ukuhlakanipha ukubambelela endleleni eyodwa yokwelapha njengokungathi iwukuphela kwendlela yokwelapha inkinga yempilo.

Imithi engamakhambi ihlukile kweyodokotela endleleni esiza ngayo empilweni. Ngokuvamile yelapha ngokuvimbela isifo, futhi igxila endleleni yomuntu yokuphila nasendaweni emzungezile nokuthi lezi zici zisithonya kanjani isimo sakhe sempilo. Ngamanye amazwi, abelaphi abasebenzisa amakhambi ngokuvamile babheka yonke indlela yomuntu yokuphila esikhundleni sokugxila nje esithweni esigulayo noma esifweni ngokwaso.

Akungabazeki ukuthi okwenza amakhambi akhange kakhulu umbono wokuthi ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yemvelo nezindlela zayo zokwelapha kumnene futhi akuyona ingozi kunalezo ezisetshenziswa emkhakheni wokwelapha wodokotela. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yesithakazelo esikhulu sokuthola izindlela zokwelapha eziphephile neziphumelelayo, sizonikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa zokwelapha ngamakhambi esihlokweni esilandelayo.

[Umbhalo waphansi]