Bangayeba Imininingwane Yakho!
OWESIFAZANE osemusha waqala ukuthola imiyalezo ecasulayo eyayivela kwabesilisa abaningana emshinini wakhe wocingo. Indoda ethile yabe isimshayela ucingo, ithi yayiphendula izikhangiso eziyengayo ayezifake kuyi-Internet. Kodwa lona wesifazane wayengenayo ngisho ne-computer. Kwamthatha isikhathi eside ukuthola ukuthi othile wayesebenzisé igama lakhe kuyi-Internet futhi wafaka izikhangiso kuyo. Akukhona lokho nje kuphela, kodwa lo mkhohlisi ongaziwa wayenikeza abantu ikheli lalona wesifazane, ebayalela kwakhe, ebatshela ngisho nendlela yokucima inhlaba-mkhosi!
Iningi lethu likuthatha kalula ukuthi lingobani. Siyilokho esiyikho, futhi uma sibuzwa ngakho, singabuveza ubufakazi. Kodwa izinto esivame ukuzisebenzisa njengobufakazi bokuthi singobani—isitifiketi sokuzalwa, inombolo kamazisi,a izincwadi zokushayela, incwadi yokungena kwamanye amazwe, umazisi nokunye okunjalo—sekulula ukuzenza ngomgunyathi noma ukuzeba kangangokuthi sekunenkulumo entsha echaza lobu bugebengu ethi “ukweba imininingwane yomuntu.”
Umqedazwe Wokukhwabanisa
Lolu hlobo lobugebengu luyinkimbinkimbi, lucashile futhi lungabangela ukukhungatheka okukhulu. Ngokungazelelwe izisulu ziyaye zithole ukuthi kunothile osebenzisa igama lazo ukuze athathe izinto ngesikweletu, akhohlise abantu abakweletwayo futhi abangele nezinye izinkinga. Kwamanye amazwe umthetho uyazivikela izisulu ukuze zingazikhokhi izikweletu ezinjalo, kodwa zingagcina sezinedumela elibi nezikweletu ezingafuneki.
Izinhlangano zezomthetho, abahlaziyi bezikweletu namaqembu abathengi bayavuma kabanzi ukuthi ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yabantu kubangela ukulahlekelwa yizigidi zamaRandi ngonyaka. Ayikho indlela yokwazi ngokuqondile ukuthi bangaki abantu abayizisulu zobugebengu bokwebiwa kwemininingwane yabo. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ukuthi kungase kuphele izinyanga ngaphambi kokuba umuntu athole ukuthi imininingwane yakhe yebiwe. Ezinye izikhulu zezomthetho zithi ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yabantu kuwubugebengu obukhula ngokushesha kakhulu e-United States. Kubikwa izinkinga ezifanayo nakwamanye amazwe.
Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi izigebengu ziyazi ukuthi kunzima ukuphenya ukwebiwa kwemininingwane futhi akuvamile ukuba kukhishwe izigwebo. Umphenyi onguchwepheshe, uCheryl Smith, uthi: “Izigebengu azikubheki njengokwebela othile. Isisulu siyibhange noma isitolo esithile. Azicabangi ukuthi zilimaza othile.”
Ukusizakala Ngegama Lakho
Izigebengu ezeba imininingwane ngokuvamile zeba into eyodwa noma ngaphezulu enokwaziswa kwakho, njengenombolo yakho kamazisi noma izincwadi zokushayela. Zibe seziyisebenzisela ukuzenza wena futhi zivule ama-akhawunti ngegama lakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zifaka ikheli lazo lapho kuzothunyelwa khona amaphepha aphathelene nalezo zinto. Zichitha imali eningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngeke wazi ukuthi kuqhubekani kuze kube yilapho usuthintwa abaqoqi bezikweletu.
Laba bantu abangathembekile bayeba kanjani imininingwane yomuntu? Kulula kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kuqala ngokuqoqa ukwaziswa abantu abaningi abavame ukukufaka ezicelweni zezikweletu noma bakunike abadayisi abasebenzisa ucingo. Ezinye izigebengu ‘zisesha imigqomo’—zivula umgqomo kadoti zifuna amarekhodi akho asebhange, endlu noma ezikweletu. Ezinye zeba izincwadi eziphathelene nezezimali ebhokisini leposi. ‘Abacathami’ bayizigebengu ezisebenzisa amakhamera noma izibonakude ukuze babheke izisulu njengoba zichofoza izinkinobho emishinini yemali (ama-ATM) noma ezingcingweni zomphakathi. Kwamanye amazwe imininingwane yabantu itholakala kalula ezinkantolo, emabhukwini omphakathi noma kuyi-Internet.
Ukweba Idumela Lakho Elihle
Uma isigebengu sesinenombolo yakho kamazisi, singase sidinge nokunye ukwaziswa kwakho, njengosuku lwakho lokuzalwa, ikheli nenombolo yakho yocingo. Sinalokhu kwaziswa, mhlawumbe nezincwadi zokushayela zomgunyathi ezinesithombe saso, isigebengu singaqala umsebenzi. Isigebengu singafaka isicelo sesikweletu siziyele mathupha noma ngeposi, sizenza wena. Ngokuvamile sishiya ikheli laso, sithi sesithuthile. Njengoba bejahele ukugunyaza isikweletu, abahlaziyi bezikweletu abavamile ukucubungula ukwaziswa noma amakheli.
Ngakho lapho umkhohlisi esevule i-akhawunti yokuqala, angasebenzisa le akhawunti entsha kanye nokunye ukwaziswa kwakho ukuze akhulise ukwethenjwa kwakhe. Lokhu kubhebhethekisa lesi senzo sokukhwabanisa. Manje isigebengu sesiqala ukuceba, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, sonakalisa amathuba akho esikweletu nedumela lakho elihle.
Ukulungisa umonakalo kungaba nzima, kudle isikhathi futhi kukhungathekise. UMari Frank, ongummeli waseCalifornia, wathola indlela lokhu okungaba nzima ngayo lapho umkhohlisi othile ayenze izikweletu zemali engaba ngu-R760 000 egameni lakhe. Uthi: “Kwadingeka ngibhale izincwadi ezingu-90 ngichithe namahora angu-500 ngisebenzela ukuhlanza igama lami. Usuke ulwela idumela lakho endabeni yezikweletu nokuzigcina ungasangani. . . . Ngokuvamile awazi ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa ubani, futhi abakwenzayo ababanjwa.”
Okumelwe Ukwenze
Uma uyisisulu sokwebiwa kwemininingwane, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha. Okokuqala, kutuswa ukuba ushaye ucingo wazise iminyango yezokukhwabanisa yezinhlangano ezihlaziya izikweletu endaweni yangakini. Bese ulandelisa ngesitatimende esibhalwe phansi, ucele ukuba uthintwe lapho kugunyazwa izikweletu esikhathini esizayo.
Ngokulandelayo, vula icala emaphoyiseni. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola ikhophi yombiko wamaphoyisa ngoba ungase uwudinge lapho wazisa abantu abakweletwayo ngalesi simo.
Kumelwe futhi wazise amabhange nezinhlangano zamakhadi esikweletu osebenzelana nazo. Ngisho noma isigebengu sisebenzisa ukwaziswa okwebiwe ukuze sithole amakhadi amasha okuthenga ngesikweletu, kuyoba ngcono uma ucela ukuba wenzelwe wonke amakhadi amasha. Futhi, uma ama-akhawunti akho amasheke nawokulondoloza imali eye athinteka, kungase kudingeke uvule amasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kudingeke uthole amakhadi amasha okukhipha imali kuma-ATM nezinombolo ezintsha zikamazisi.
Ingabe Kunethemba Lokuthola Ikhambi?
Ohulumeni, izinhlangano zezomthetho nezinhlangano zokuthenga ngesikweletu zifuna izindlela zokunqanda ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yabantu. Kwezinye izindawo, kuye kwashaywa imithetho eyenza lezi zenzo zibe yicala lesigwebo futhi ivikele ukwaziswa kwabantu kangcono. Kuye kwahlongozwa nezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe obuphambili. Lezi zihlanganisa ukufakwa komaka beminwe emakhadini, amakhadi okukhipha imali kuma-ATM afunda intende yesandla noma iphimbo lomuntu, ikhadi lomshini elingagcina ukwaziswa komuntu okunjengohlobo lwegazi nomaka beminwe, kanye namakhadi anomugqa okusayinwa kuwo ongacimeki.
Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezinjalo zokuzivikela eziyinkimbinkimbi, kunezinto eziwusizo ongazenza ukuze uzivikele. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Indlela Yokuzivikela Ekwebiweni Kwemininingwane Yakho.”) Ngokucabanga kusengaphambili nokuhlela kahle, ungase ukwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yokwebiwa kwemininingwane yakho!
[Umbhalo waphansi]
a Emazweni amaningi izakhamuzi zinikezwa uhlobo oluthile lwenombolo kamazisi. Le nombolo ayisetshenziselwa ukuziveza ukuthi ungubani kuphela kodwa futhi nasezindabeni zentela nezokwelapha. E-United States, izakhamuzi zithola lokho okuthiwa i-Social Security number. Inkulumo echaza izinombolo ezinjalo zikamazisi iyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 21]
Indlela Yokuzivikela Ekwebiweni Kwemininingwane Yakho
● Veza inombolo yakho kamazisi uma kudingekile kuphela.
● Ungaphathi amakhadi amaningi okuthenga ngesikweletu, umazisi wakho, isitifiketi sokuzalwa, noma incwadi yokungena kwelinye izwe esikhwameni, ngaphandle kwalapho kudingekile.
● Dabula izicelo zamakhadi esikweletu ngaphambi kokuba uzilahle. Yenza okufanayo ngezitatimende zasebhange, ama-akhawunti ocingo, amarisidi amakhadi esikweletu, nokunye.
● Fihla ngesandla sakho lapho usebenzisa umshini wemali noma ushaya ucingo oluya kude ngekhadi lakho locingo. Kungenzeka ‘abacathami’ baseduze nezibonakude noma ikhamera.
● Thola ibhokisi leposi elinesihluthulelo ukuze unciphise ukwebiwa kweposi.
● Zilandele amasheke amasha ebhange esikhundleni sokuba uwathunyelelwe ngeposi.
● Yiba nohlu noma ikhophi yezinombolo zawo wonke ama-akhawunti esikweletu, bese ulugcina endaweni ephephile.
● Unganiki muntu inombolo yakho yekhadi lesikweletu noma okunye ukwaziswa ocingweni ngaphandle kwalapho nethembana naleyo nkampani futhi kunguwe oshaye ucingo.
● Bamba izinombolo zakho eziyimfihlo ngekhanda. Ungagcini umbhalo wezinombolo zakho eziyimfihlo esikhwameni semali.
● Uma kungenzeka, thola ikhophi yombiko wezikweletu zakho njalo.
● Cela ukuba igama lakho likhishwe ezinhlwini zokukhangisa zezinhlangano ezihlaziya izikweletu nalezo ezigunyaza izikweletu.
[Isithombe ekhasini 20]
‘Abacathami’ babukela izisulu zabo lapho zicindezela izinkinobho ezingcingweni zomphakathi noma emishinini yemali
[Isithombe ekhasini 21]
‘Abaseshi bemigqomo’ bavula imigqomo befuna ukwaziswa kwabantu abangase bakwebe