Lapho Ukuhlasela KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona
NAPHEZU kokuthambisa isandla okwenzelwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia ukuze kunqotshwe iMpi Yezwe II, iSoviet Union yayilawula yonke imisebenzi yesonto. Ngakho-ke, njengoba kwaphawula incwadi ethi The Sword and the Shield, eyabhalwa ngo-1999 mayelana nomlando we-KGB (iKomiti Yezokulondeka KaHulumeni WaseSoviet), “i-KGB yayikhathazeke kakhulu ngemisebenzi ‘eyonakalisayo’ yalawo maKristu ayengekho ngaphansi kwesandla sawo ngokuqondile.” Kwakuyimaphi lawo maqembu enkolo?
Elikhulu kunawo wonke kwakuyiSonto LamaKatolika LaseGreece e-Ukraine, manje okuthiwa yiSonto LamaKatolika Lase-Ukraine. Lalinabalandeli abangaba ngu-4 000 000. Ngokwe-Sword and the Shield, “ababhishobhi balo ababili kuphela kwabayishumi, kanye nezinkulungwane eziningi zabapristi namakholwa, bafela ukholo lwabo [emakamu okugqilazwa] aseSiberia.” Ezinye izisulu ze-KGB kwakungamasonto obuProthestani ayengabhaliswanga ngokomthetho, nawo ayengekho ngaphansi kwesandla sikaHulumeni ngokuqondile. Ekupheleni kwawo-1950, i-KGB yalinganisela ukuthi la maqembu obuProthestani ayenengqikithi yabalandeli abangaba ngu-100 000.
I-KGB yayibheka oFakazi BakaJehova njengeqembu lobuProthestani, ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-1968 babengaba ngu-20 000 eSoviet Union. OFakazi babeyiqembu elincane kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II ngo-1939. Ngakho, babenganakiwe kangako. Kodwa isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele lapho kuvela izinkulungwane zoFakazi ngokungazelelwe kwelaseSoviet Union. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?
Ukwanda Okuphawulekayo Kuyaqala
Encwadini yakhe ethi Religion in the Soviet Union, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1961, uWalter Kolarz waphawula izici ezimbili ezazibangela lokhu kwanda okukhulu. Waphawula ukuthi esokuqala ukuthi “amazwe athathwa yiSoviet Union ngo-1939-40—iLatvia, Lithuania, Estonia, neMoldavia—ayequkethe “amaqembu [amaningi] oFakazi BakaJehova abashisekayo.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye zempumalanga yePoland neCzechoslovakia, ezazihlanganisa oFakazi abangaphezu kwenkulungwane, nazo zathathwa yiSoviet Union, zaba yingxenye ye-Ukraine. Ngakho, kunjengokungathi bonke lab’ oFakazi batshalwa eSoviet Union ngokuphazima kweso.
UKolarz wabhala ukuthi okunye okwakubangela ukwanda, “nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyihaba, kwakungamakamu okuhlushwa amaJalimane.” AmaNazi ayebophe izinkulungwane zoFakazi ngenxa yokwenqaba ukusekela uHitler nempi yakhe enonya. UKolarz wachaza ukuthi iziboshwa zaseRussia ezazikula makamu “zazithande isibindi nokuqina ‘koFakazi’ futhi mhlawumbe ngenxa yaleso sizathu zathola inkolo yabo ikhanga.” Ngenxa yalokho, intsha eningi yaseRussia eyayikula makamu yaphindela eSoviet Union inokholo olusha kuJehova uNkulunkulu nasezinjongweni zakhe ezimangalisayo ngomhlaba.—IHubo 37:29; IsAmbulo 21:3, 4.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ngokushesha kwaba nezinkulungwane zoFakazi eSoviet Union. Ekuqaleni kuka-1946, kwakunabangaba ngu-1 600, kanti ekupheleni kwalelo shumi leminyaka, base bengaphezu kuka-8 000. I-KGB yakwesaba lokhu kwanda ngoba njengoba sekuphawuliwe ngaphambili, yayikhathazeke kakhulu “ngemisebenzi yalawo maKristu ayengekho ngaphansi kwesandla sayo ngokuqondile.”
Ukuhlaselwa Kuyaqala
Naphezu kwesibalo esincane soFakazi eSoviet Union uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokushesha ukushumayela kwabo ngentshiseko kwahlaselwa yiziphathimandla zaseSoviet. E-Estonia ukuhlaselwa kwaqala ngo-August 1948, lapho abantu abahlanu ababehola emsebenzini bebanjwa futhi bevalelwa ejele. UFakazi wase-Estonia uLembit Toom uyaphawula: “Kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi i-KGB yayifuna ukubopha wonke umuntu.” Kwaba njalo kunoma iyiphi indawo oFakazi ababetholakala kuyo eSoviet Union.
AbaseSoviet bachaza oFakazi njengezigebengu ezimbi nanjengosongo olukhulu kuHulumeni waseSoviet ophika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu. Ngakho, yonke indawo, babezingelwa, babanjwe bese beboshwa. I-Sword and the Shield yaphawula: “Kungenzeka ukuthi ukukhathazeka kwezikhulu ze-KGB ngabalandeli bakaJehova kwakuyisibonelo esivelele sokuntula kwazo ukulinganisela lapho zisingatha ngisho nokuhluka kombono okuncane.”
Lokhu kukhathazeka kwabonakala ngokucacile ngokuhlaselwa okwakuhlelwe kahle koFakazi ngo-April 1951. Eminyakeni emibili nje edlule, ngo-1999, uProfesa Sergei Ivanenko, isazi esihlonishwayo saseRussia, waphawula encwadini yakhe ethi The People Who Are Never Without Their Bibles ukuthi ekuqaleni kuka-April 1951, “imikhaya yoFakazi BakaJehova engaphezu kuka-5 000 eyayivela kuma-republic aseSoviet e-Ukraine, eByelorussia, eMoldavia nasemazweni aseBaltic yathunyelwa ‘endaweni yokuhlala unomphela’ eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude naseKazakhstan.”
Zikufanele Ukukhunjulwa
Ungacabanga ngomzamo ohilelekile kulokho kuhlasela—ukuqoqa izinkulungwane zemikhaya yoFakazi ngosuku olulodwa endaweni enkulu kangaka? Cabanga ngokuhlanganiswa kwabantu abangamakhulu, uma kwakungezona izinkulungwane—ukuze baqale bakhombe oFakazi bese behlasela amakhaya abo ngobumnyama kungazelelwe. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakunomsebenzi wokulayisha laba bantu ezinqoleni nakwezinye izinto zokuthutha; bayiswe eziteshini zikaloliwe bese befakwa ezinqoleni zesitimela.
Cabanga nangokuhlupheka kwezisulu. Ungacabanga ukuthi kwakunjani ukuphoqelelwa ukuba uhambe izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha—amasonto amathathu noma ngaphezulu—ezinqoleni eziminyene nezingcolile, ezazinebhakede kuphela njengendlu yangasese? Cabanga ngokudilizwa ogwadule lwaseSiberia, wazi kahle ukuthi ukuze usinde kufanele uzame ukuziphilisa kuleyo ndawo ebandayo.
Kule nyanga yisikhumbuzo seminyaka engu-50 yokudingiswa koFakazi BakaJehova ngo-April 1951. Ukuze kulandiswe ngokwethembeka kwabo naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka beshushiswa, imilando yalabo abasinda iye yaqoshwa nge-video. Le milando yembula ukuthi imizamo yokuvimbela abantu ukuba bangakhulekeli uNkulunkulu iyohluleka nakanjani—njengoba kwaba njalo nangamaKristu ekhulu lokuqala.
Okwafezwa Ukudingiswa
AbaseSoviet basheshe baqaphela ukuthi ukuyekisa oFakazi ukukhulekela uJehova kwakuyoba nzima kakhulu kunokuba babecabanga. Naphezu kokuphikisa kwabathumbi babo, oFakazi bahubela uJehova izindumiso lapho bedingiswa ngenkani futhi balengisa ezinqoleni zabo zesitimela amabhodi ayethi: “Kulayishwe OFakazi BakaJehova.” UFakazi othile wachaza: “Eziteshini zikaloliwe endleleni, sasihlangana nezinye izitimela ezazithwele ababedingiswa, futhi sasizibona izimpawu ezazilengiswe ezinqoleni zesitimela.” Yeka ukuthi lokhu kwaba yisikhuthazo esingakanani!
Ngakho esikhundleni sokudangala, labo ababedingiswa babonisa umoya wabaphostoli bakaJesu. IBhayibheli lithi ngemva kokushaywa nokuyalwa ukuba bayeke ukushumayela, “baqhubeka ngaphandle kokuyekethisa befundisa futhi bememezela izindaba ezinhle ngoKristu.” (IzEnzo 5:40-42) Yebo, njengoba uKolarz asho lapho elandisa ngokudingiswa, “lokhu kwakungesona isiphelo ‘soFakazi’ eRussia, kodwa kwakumane kuyisiqalo sendlela entsha emsebenzini wabo wokushumayela. Baze bazama nokusakaza ukholo lwabo lapho bema eziteshini endleleni eya ekudingisweni.”
Lapho oFakazi befika ezindaweni zabo ezihlukahlukene futhi behliswa, bazuza idumela elihle njengezisebenzi ezithobekile, ezizikhandlayo. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, belingisa abaphostoli bakaKristu, batshela abacindezeli babo: ‘Asinakuyeka ukukhuluma ngoNkulunkulu wethu.’ (IzEnzo 4:20) Abaningi bakulalela okwakufundiswa oFakazi futhi bahlanganyela nabo ekukhonzeni uNkulunkulu.
Umphumela waba njengoba kuchaza uKolarz: “Ngokubathumela ekudingisweni, uHulumeni waseSoviet wenza lukhulu ekusizeni ukusakazeka kokholo lwabo. Besuswa emizaneni engayodwa [kuma-republic asentshonalanga yeSoviet], ‘oFakazi’ balethwa endaweni ebanzi, nakuba kwakuyindawo elusizi yamakamu okuhlushwa nokugqilazwa.”
Imizamo Yokubhekana Nokwanda
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abaseSoviet bazama izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokunqanda oFakazi BakaJehova. Njengoba ushushiso olunonya lwaluhlulekile ukuveza imiphumela eyayifuneka, kwaqalwa umkhankaso ohlelwe ngokuhlakanipha wokusakaza inkulumo-ze engamanga. Kwazanywa izincwadi, amafilimu nezinhlelo zomsakazo—kanye nokungena emabandleni ngesinyenyela kwamanxusa e-KGB aqeqeshiwe.
Ukwanda kokukhulunyelwa kabi kwenza ukuba abantu abaningi ngephutha babesabe oFakazi futhi bangabethembi, njengoba kwabonakala esihlokweni se-Reader’s Digest ka-August 1982, uHlelo LwaseCanada. Lesi sihloko salotshwa uVladimir Bukovsky, umRashiya owavunyelwa ukuba afudukele eNgilandi ngo-1976. Wabhala: “Ngolunye usuku kusihlwa ngiseLondon, ngabona ibhodi esakhiweni elalibhalwe ukuthi: OFAKAZI BAKAJEHOVA . . . Ngehluleka ukuqhubeka ngifunda, ngashaywa uvalo kwaphela nasozwaneni.”
UVladimir wachaza ukuthi kungani ethuka ngokungadingekile: “Leli yihlelo iziphathimandla ezazilisebenzisa njengenunu yokwethusa izingane ezweni lakithi . . . E-U.S.S.R., umuntu uhlangana ‘noFakazi’ abaphilayo emajele nasemakamu okuhlushwa kuphela. Manje ngase ngimi phambi kwesakhiwo, ngibuka ibhodi. Ingabe umuntu angangena aphuze nabo itiye?” wabuza. Egcizelela isizathu sakhe sokwesaba, uVladimir waphetha ngokuthi: “Ezweni lakithi ‘oFakazi’ bazingelwa ngentukuthelo njengoba kwenziwa emaqenjini ama-Mafia ezweni lawo, futhi ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa yini nakho kuyimfihlakalo.”
Nokho, naphezu koshushiso olunonya nenkulumo-ze engamanga, oFakazi babekezela futhi banda ngamanani. Izincwadi zaseSoviet ezinjengethi The Truths About Jehovah’s Witnesses, okwanyatheliswa amakhophi azo angu-100 000 ngo-1978 ngesiRashiya, zasikisela ukuba kuqiniswe inkulumo-ze emelene noFakazi. Umlobi wayo, uV. V. Konik, owachaza indlela oFakazi abaqhubeka ngayo beshumayela naphezu kokubekelwa imingcele enzima, weluleka: “Abacwaningi baseSoviet abaphenya ngenkolo kufanele bafunde izindlela eziphumelelayo zokunqoba izimfundiso zofakazi bakaJehova.”
Kungani Kwagxilwa Kubo?
Kalula nje, oFakazi BakaJehova babeyizisulu eziyinhloko zokuhlasela kwabaseSoviet ngenxa yokuthi babelingisa abalandeli bakaJesu bokuqala. Ekhulwini lokuqala, abaphostoli bayalwa ukuba ‘bangaqhubeki befundisa ngesisekelo segama likaJesu.’ Nokho, kamuva abashushisi babo bakhononda: “Bhekani! senigcwalise iJerusalema ngemfundiso yenu.” Abaphostoli abaphikanga ukuthi babelokhu beshumayela nakuba kwakuthiwe bangakwenzi, kodwa kunalokho baphendula ngenhlonipho: “Kumelwe silalele uNkulunkulu njengombusi kunabantu.”—IzEnzo 5:27-29.
OFakazi BakaJehova namuhla nabo bawuthatha ngokungathi sína umyalo uJesu awunika abalandeli bakhe wokuba ‘bashumayele kubantu futhi banikeze ubufakazi obuphelele.’ (IzEnzo 10:42) Encwadini yakhe ethi The Kremlin’s Human Dilemma, uMaurice Hindus wachaza ukuthi “intshiseko enkulu yokushumayela” yoFakazi iyona eyabenza “baba uhlupho olukhulu kuhulumeni waseMoscow futhi [kwabafaka] engxabanweni engapheli namaphoyisa aseSoviet.” Wanezela: “Akukho okungabavimba. Uma becindezelwa kwenye indawo, bavumbuka kwenye.”
“Ngokwazi kwami,” kubhala isazi-mlando saseRussia uSergei Ivanenko, “inhlangano yoFakazi BakaJehova yayiwukuphela kwenhlangano engokwenkolo e-USSR eyanda ngamanani naphezu kokuvinjelwa nokushushiswa.” Yiqiniso, ezinye izinkolo nazo zaqhubeka zikhona, kuhlanganise nevelele kunazo zonke, iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Uyokuthola kuthakazelisa ukuzwa ukuthi leli sonto noFakazi bakwazi kanjani ukusinda ekuhlaselweni abaseSoviet.
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‘Bashushiswa Ngonya Kunabo Bonke’
I-Concise Encyclopaedia of Russia ka-1964 yathi oFakazi BakaJehova “babekushisekela kakhulu ukuguqula abantu” nokuthi “babewumphakathi wenkolo owawushushiswa ngonya kunayo yonke eSoviet Union.”
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Oyedwa Phakathi Kwezinkulungwane UFyodor Kalin Uchaza Ngokudingiswa Komkhaya Wakubo
Umkhaya wakithi wawuhlala edolobhaneni laseVilshanitsa, entshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Ekuseni ngovivi ngo-April 8, 1951, kwafika amaphoyisa ehamba nezinja, asivusa, asitshela ukuthi uhulumeni eMoscow wawushaye umthetho wokuba sithunyelwe eSiberia. Kodwa uma sisayina incwadi ethi sasingasebona oFakazi BakaJehova, sasingahlala. Umkhaya wakithi owawunamalungu angu-7, kuhlanganise abazali bami nezingane zakithi, wawuzimisele ukuhlala ungoFakazi. Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka engu-19 ubudala.
Iphoyisa elithile lathi: “Thathani ubhontshisi, ummbila, ufulawa, ukhukhamba neklabishi—ngalé kwalokho, zizodlani izingane?” Savunyelwa nokuba sihlabe izinkukhu ezithile nengulube futhi sihambe nenyama. Kwalethwa izinqola ezimbili zamahhashi, kwalayishwa konke kuzo kwayiswa edolobheni laseHriplin. Lapho, safakwa enqoleni yesitimela singu-40 noma singu-50, kwase kuvalwa umnyango.
Le nqola yayinamapulangwe ambalwa esasingalala kuwo—kodwa ayengasenele—kanye nesitofu esasinamalahle nezinkuni. Sapheka ngalesi sitofu, sisebenzisa amabhodwe esasiwaphethe. Kodwa yayingekho indlu yangasese—sasisebenzisa ibhakede. Sabe sesivula imbobo eyindilinga phansi, safaka ibhakede kuyo, sase silengisa izingubo zokulala zazungeza ukuze kusitheke.
Sahlala siminyene lapho kuleyo nqola njengoba sasihamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha singazi ukuthi siyaphi. Ekuqaleni, sasidangele kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba sasihlabelela izingoma zoMbuso ndawonye—ngentshiseko enkulu kangangokuba kwaze kwasha namazwi—sazizwa sesijabula. Umkhuzi wamabutho wayevula umnyango athi masithule, kodwa sasingayeki size siqede. Lapho sima eziteshini endleleni, abaningi bezwa ukuthi oFakazi BakaJehova babedingiswa. Ekugcineni, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-17 noma ezingu-18 sikuleyo nqola yesitimela, sehliswa eSiberia eduze kweChibi LaseBaikal.
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Ngimi emgqeni ongemuva, ngakwesokudla
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I-armageddon—Ifilimu YaseSoviet Yokusakaza Inkulumo-ze
AbaseSoviet bakhiqiza ifilimu ethi Armageddon ngomzamo wokubheca oFakazi BakaJehova ngodaka. Yayikhuluma ngendaba eqanjiwe yomfana owayesebuthweni laseSoviet owayethandana nentombazane eyanxenxwa ukuba ijoyine oFakazi. Lapho le filimu iphela, udadewabo omncane wale ntombazane wafa engozini eyabangelwa umbonisi onguFakazi, owayevezwe njengencelebane yezinhloli zaseMelika.
Likhuluma ngale filimu, eyashukumisa imizwelo yezibukeli, iphephandaba lase-Ukraine i-Red Flag ka-May 14, 1963, lathi: “Ngale ndlela inkulumo-ze yokuphika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu iyaphumelela, iyagculisa, futhi ingasetshenziswa nakwamanye amadolobhana kuleli zwe lapho kubukiswa khona amafilimu anjalo.”
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Izinkulungwane zathuthwa ngezinqola zesitimela zayiswa eSiberia