Amahlathi Emvula—Ingabe Angalondolozwa?

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EBOLIVIA

URAMIRO unendawo esesigodini embozwe yihlathi elisitshekelwe amafu.a Njengoba ingaphansi kweziNtaba zase-Andes eNingizimu Melika, le ndawo ingenye yezindawo ezimbalwa kulesi sifunda esenemithi yasendulo. Nxazonke zale ndawo, kunamagquma angasenamithi. Kufika ososayensi bevela nxazonke bezocwaninga ngezilwane zasendle ezisehlathini likaRamiro elisitshekelwe amafu, futhi baye bathola izinhlobo eziningana ezazingaziwa ngaphambili. URamiro ukuthakazelela kakhulu ukulondolozwa kwemvelo. Uthi: “Akukho muthi ozogawulwa ehlathini lami.”

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uRoberto ungumphathi wehlathi lemvula elingamakhilomitha-skwele angu-5 600 emathafeni ayizimfunda ezigudle i-Amazon. Ungumnakekeli wamahlathi onguchwepheshe ogawula futhi adayise izingodo zamahlathi emvula emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa uRoberto naye ukuthakazelela kakhulu ukuvikela amahlathi emvula nezilwane ezihlala kuwo. Uthi: “Ukugawula amahlathi emvula kungenziwa ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo ongalungiseki ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zokuphila.”

Nakuba izimo zabo zingafani, uRamiro noRoberto bakhathazeka ngokujulile ngokungase kwehlele amahlathi emvula. Futhi ababodwa. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ukucekwa okukhulu kwamahlathi emvula kuye kwanda ngendlela eshaqisayo.

Ingabe ukukhathazeka okunjalo kuyihaba? Phela, emakhulwini eminyaka adlule abantu bágawula amahlathi amakhulu ezindaweni ezinesimo esihle sezulu, ngokuyinhloko ukuze bathole indawo yokulima. Pho-ke, kungani kufanele sikhathazeke uma abantu abahlala eZindaweni Ezishisayo benza okufanayo? Kunomehluko omkhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile amahlathi emvula akhula endaweni engavundile, engenakulinywa. Kanti futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphila emahlathini emvula; ukufa kwazo kuthinta sonke isintu.

Umonakalo Obangelwa Ukuqothulwa Kwamahlathi

Izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingaphezu kwesigamu emhlabeni wonke zitholakala emahlathini emvula. Kusuka ezinkawini ama-spider monkey namahlosi kuya kulele oluyivelakancane nama-orchid, kusuka ezinyokeni namaselesele kuya ezimvemvaneni ezingavamile nopholi—izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziningi kakhulu kangangokuba singeziqede.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphila ezichumayo emahlathini emvula ahlukahlukene. Kunamahlathi asitshekelwe amafu akhula kancane kancane, amahlathi emvula ayisinindolo anemithi enamagatsha amakhulu, amahlathi omile asezindaweni ezishisayo kanye namahlathi anemithi egqagqene. Nokho, abantu abaningi abakaze bavakashele ehlathini lemvula. Mhlawumbe kunjalo nangawe. Pho, kungani kufanele uzikhathaze ngezindawo ezinjalo?

Ukulondolozwa kwamahlathi emvula kubalulekile kuwe ngoba izitshalo eziningi zasekhaya nezidayiswayo othembele kuzo, zixhomeke ngandlela-thile kokhokho bazo basendle abasatholakala emahlathini anjalo. Lezi zinhlobo zasendle ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukuveza izinhlobo ezintsha ezikwaziyo ukumelana nezifo nezilokazane. Ngakho, izakhi ezihlukahlukene zofuzo ezitholakala ezinhlotsheni zasendle zibalulekile.

Abacwaningi nabo bahlale bethola imikhiqizo ewusizo emahlathini emvula. Ngokwesibonelo, imithi eminingi esetshenziswayo manje ithakwé ngezimila zasemahlathini emvula. Ngakho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphila emahlathini emvula ngokuvamile zifaniswa nomtapo wemvelo, “onezincwadi” eziningi ezingakathintwa.

Imvelo Entekenteke

Indawo enomswakama yamahlathi emvula intekenteke futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyadingana. Ngokwesibonelo, izimila eziningi zixhomeke ezinyonini ezithile, ezinambuzaneni, noma ezilwaneni ukuze zithole impova futhi zisakaze imbewu. Kulo mjikelezo oyinkimbinkimbi wokuphila, ihlathi liyakwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinto ezifile ezikulo, kuhlanganise izimila, izilwane, izinambuzane nezilwanyana ezincane. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi yonke le mvelo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile itholakala endaweni enenhlabathi engavundile. Lapho isiqothuliwe, kungase kube nzima noma kungenzeki nhlobo ukuba ihlathi elinjalo livuseleleke.

Abantu abaningi baziphilisa ngamahlathi emvula. Ngaphandle kokuba yindawo yocwaningo lwesayensi nokuvakasha, amahlathi emvula abalulekile kwezentengiselwano ngenxa yemikhiqizo enjengezingodo, amantongomane, uju, umongo wamasundu, injoloba nenhlaka. Kodwa amahlathi emvula anyamalala ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuthi izibalo zimi kanjani ngempela kuyimpikiswano, kodwa kuneqiniso elilodwa elisobala: Amahlathi ancipha ngokushesha.

Okwenza ukucekelwa phansi kwalezi zindawo kudabukise nakakhulu ukuthi amahlathi emvula ngokuvamile acekwa ngaphandle kwenzuzo etheni ehlala njalo. Amaningi ala mahlathi aye aguqulwa enziwa amadlelo ezinkomo. Kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho indawo ayibe isakwazi ukunikeza amadlelo adingekayo bese iyashiywa. E-Amazonia eBrazil, kubikwa ukuthi indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-165 000 iye yashiywa ngenxa yalesi sizathu.

Kunaliphi ithemba ngamahlathi emvula nezilwane zasendle eziningi ezikuwo? URamiro, uRoberto, nabanye abaningi abanjengabo balwa kanzima ukuze bavikele amahlathi emvula kwezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke, ekuminyaneni kwabantu, kubacuphi bezilwane zasendle ezifuywayo nakubazingeli nabagawuli bemithi abangekho emthethweni. Kodwa ziyini ngempela izimbangela zokucekwa kwamahlathi? Ingabe ikhona indlela yokusebenzisa umnotho wamahlathi emvula ngaphandle kokuwacekela phansi?

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 19]

Iningi lezilwane emhlabeni, kuhlanganise nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezimila, litholakala emahlathini emvula

[Izithombe ekhasini 20, 21]

Abagawuli bemithi kanye nemigwaqo abayivulayo kungalicekela phansi ihlathi lemvula