Lapho Amagciwane Engeke Esalimaza Muntu

AMAGCIWANE, noma izilokazane ezincane, abalulekile ekuphileni. Akha ingxenye enkulu yenhlabathi neyemizimba yethu. Njengoba ibhokisi elithi “Izinhlobo Zamagciwane,” ekhasini 17, liphawula, “kunezigidigidi zama-bacterium emizimbeni yethu.” Amaningi awo awusizo—empeleni, siyawadinga—ukuze sibe nempilo enhle. Yize embalwa kuphela adala izifo uma kuqhathaniswa, singaqiniseka ngokuthi makhathaleni awekho amagciwane ayolimaza noma ubani.

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlole indlela okuzoqedwa ngayo yonke imiphumela eyingozi yamagciwane, masicabangele imizamo eyenziwayo manje yokulwa namagciwane adala izifo. Ngaphandle kokuhlola ibhokisi elikulesi sihloko elithi “Lokho Ongakwenza,” cabangela nemizamo yochwepheshe bezempilo yokulwa namagciwane anenkani.

Amasu Embulunga Yonke

UDkt. Gro Harlem Brundtland, owayekade engumqondisi jikelele we-World Health Organization (WHO), wachaza imizamo eyenziwayo. Kuyi-Report on Infectious Diseases 2000, esihlokweni esithi “Ukunqoba Ukumelana Nama-antimicrobial,” waveza isidingo sokusungula “isu lembulunga yonke lokunqanda ukuzabalaza” kwamagciwane. Wakhuluma nangokwakha “amaxhama ahilela zonke izisebenzi zezempilo,” egcizelela: “Sinethuba lokusungula umkhankaso omkhulu wokulwa nezifo ezithathelwanayo.”

Ngo-2001, i-WHO yabeka ezithebeni umqulu othi “Isu Lembulunga Yonke Lokunqanda Ukumelana Nama-Antimicrobial.” Lo mqulu wawunesu elihloselwe izisebenzi zezempilo nomphakathi uwonke ngokuqondene “nalokho okumelwe ukwenze kanye nendlela yokukwenza.” Leli su lahlanganisa ukufundisa abantu indlela yokugwema ukugula, kanye nokubanikeza iziqondiso zendlela yokusebenzisa ama-antibiotic namanye ama-antimicrobial uma kwenzeka bethelelwa isifo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi zezempilo—odokotela nabahlengikazi kanye nabanye abasebenza ezibhedlela nasemakhaya asebegugile—banxuswa ukuba baqikelele ukugwema ukubhebhethekisa izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngokudabukisayo, ukuhlola kuye kwembula ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bezempilo basakudebeselela ukugeza izandla noma ukushintsha amagilavu lapho besuka kwesinye isiguli beya kwesinye.

Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa nokuthi odokotela banikeza iziguli ama-antibiotic nalapho kungafanele khona. Esinye isizathu salokhu siwukuthi abantu bayabacindezela odokotela babo ukuba babanike i-antibiotic ukuze belapheke ngokushesha. Ngakho odokotela bayavuma ukuze nje bajabulise iziguli. Ngokuvamile odokotela abaziniki isikhathi sokufundisa iziguli zabo futhi abanazo izindlela ezitholakalayo zokuhlonza uhlobo lwegciwane elingenile. Kanti futhi, bangase banikeze uhlobo olusha kodwa olubiza kakhulu lwama-antibiotic alwa nezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane. Lokhu nakho kunomthelela enkingeni yokumelana kwawo nemithi.

Ezinye izindawo umqulu Isu Lembulunga Yonke Le-WHO ozithintile yizibhedlela, izinhlelo zezempilo zikazwelonke, abakhiqizi bokudla, izinkampane zemithi, nabashaya imithetho. Lo mbiko ukhuthaza ubambiswano phakathi kwabo bonke ukuze kulwiwe nosongo lwembulunga yonke lwamagciwane amelana nemithi. Kodwa ingabe uhlelo olunjalo luzosebenza?

Izinto Ezithiya Impumelelo

Umqulu Isu Lembulunga Yonke Le-WHO wakhuluma ngesithiyo esikhulu sokuxazulula izinkinga zezempilo. Yisisusa sokuthola inzuzo—imali. IBhayibheli lithi ukuthanda imali kubangela “zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezilimazayo.” (1 Thimothewu 6:9, 10) I-WHO iyanxusa: “Ukusebenzelana nemboni ekhiqiza imithi nakho kumelwe kucatshangelwe, kuhlanganise nokuqondiswa okufanele kokungena kwabadayisi abamelele izinkampane emitholampilo nokulawula izinhlelo ezixhaswe yizimboni zokufundisa izisebenzi zezempilo.”

Izinkampane zemithi ziye zayikhulumela ngokukhulu ukuzethemba imikhiqizo yazo kodokotela. Manje seziyikhangisa ngqo emphakathini ngokusebenzisa ithelevishini. Lokhu ngokusobala kuye kwaba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile kwemithi, nakho okuye kwaba yisici esiyinhloko ekwandeni kwamagciwane amelana nemithi.

Esahlukweni sawo esimayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-antimicrobial ezilwaneni ezikhiqiza ukudla, umqulu Isu Lembulunga Yonke Le-WHO uthi: “Odokotela bezilwane kwamanye amazwe bathola inzuzo engamaphesenti angu-40 nangaphezulu ngokudayisa imithi, ngakho kuyisithiyo ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa ama-antimicrobial.” Njengoba ubufakazi bubonisile, kuye kwavela amagciwane anenkani futhi achuma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-antibiotic.

Empeleni, kuyamangalisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibiotic. E-United States kuphela, kwenziwa ama-antibiotic angamakhilogremu ayizigidi ezingu-20 minyaka yonke! Engqikithini yalawo akhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke, cishe yingxenye kuphela esetshenziselwa abantu. Wonke amanye kufuthwa ngawo izitshalo noma anikwe izilwane. Ngokuvamile ama-antibiotic axutshwa nokudla kwezilwane ezikhuliselwa ukudliwa ukuze zikhule ngokushesha.

Indima Yohulumeni

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-Executive Summary yeSu Lembulunga Yonke Le-WHO ithi: “Umthwalo omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwaleli su uyoba semahlombe alelo nalelo zwe. Ohulumeni banendima ebucayi okumelwe bayifeze.”

Yebo, ohulumeni abaningana baye basungula izinhlelo zokunqanda ukumelana kwamagciwane nama-antimicrobial, begcizelela ukubambisana ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemingcele yamazwe abo. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa ukugcina yonke imininingwane yama-antimicrobial asetshenzisiwe namagciwane azabalazayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokunqanda izifo ezithathelwanayo, ukusebenzisa kahle ama-antimicrobial kwezokwelapha nakwezolimo, ukucwaninga ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi kungani amagciwane emelana nemithi, nokusungulwa kwemithi emisha. I-Report on Infectious Diseases 2000 ye-WHO yayingenalo ithemba lokuthi lokhu kuzosebenza. Ngani?

Lo mbiko waphawula “ngokuntuleka kokuzimisela kohulumeni labo okungenzeka ukuthi okuphezulu eqhulwini kubo akuyona impilo yomphakathi.” Wanezela: “Izifo—kanjalo nokumelana kwamagciwane nemithi—ziyachuma nalapho kuneziyaluyalu zezombangazwe, ubumpofu, ukuthuthela kwamanye amazwe kwenqwaba yabantu nokuwohloka kwemvelo endaweni lapho isibalo esikhulu sabantu sichayeke khona ezifweni ezithathelwanayo.” Ngeshwa, zona lezi zinkinga yizo ohulumeni babantu abangakaze bakwazi ukuzixazulula.

Nokho, iBhayibheli likhuluma ngohulumeni ongeke nje kuphela uxazulule izinkinga eziyizimbangela zezifo kodwa futhi oyoqeda ukugula ngokuphelele. Kungenzeka ucabange ukuthi amagciwane athile ayolokhu eyingozi, kodwa kunezizathu ezinhle zokukholelwa ukuthi ikusasa liyoba ngcono kakhulu kunalokho okucabangayo.

Lapho Amagciwane Engeke Esaba Yingozi

Umprofethi weBhayibheli u-Isaya wabhekisela mandulo kuhulumeni ongaphezu kowabantu futhi wachaza nombusi wawo. Phawula indlela lesi siprofetho esifundeka ngayo enguqulweni yeBhayibheli i-King James: “Ngoba sizalelwa umntwana, siphiwa indodana: uhulumeni uzoba semahlombe akhe: igama lakhe kuyothiwa Omangalisayo, uMeluleki, uNkulunkulu onamandla, uBaba ophakade, iNkosana Yokuthula.”—Isaya 9:6, omalukeke sizenzele.

Ungubani lo mntwana, le nkosana, eyonikezwa ububusi? Phawula indlela achazwa ngayo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba azalwe. Ingelosi uGabriyeli yatshela incasakazi uMariya: “Bheka! uzokhulelwa, uzale indodana, kumelwe uyiqambe igama lokuthi uJesu. Lona uyoba mkhulu . . . , nombuso wakhe ngeke uphele.”—Luka 1:31-33.

Lapho uJesu efinyelela ubudoda obuphelele, wanikeza ubufakazi bokuthi nembala nguye owayenguMbusi othenjisiwe kahulumeni woMbuso kaNkulunkulu. Akazange agcine ngokudabula izwe ememezela “izindaba ezinhle zombuso” kodwa wabonisa namandla anawo okususa zonke izifo nokugula. IBhayibheli libika ukuthi “isixuku esikhulu sasondela kuye, siza nabantu abayizinyonga, abagogekile, abayizimpumputhe, abayizimungulu, nabaningi ababengenye indlela, sabalahla ezinyaweni zakhe, wabelapha; kangangokuthi isixuku samangala njengoba sibona izimungulu zikhuluma nezinyonga zihamba nezimpumputhe zibona.”—Mathewu 9:35; 15:30, 31.

Yebo, uJesu welapha noma isiphi isifo nanoma iliphi ixhwala umuntu ayenalo. Waze wavusa ngisho nabantu abaningana ababefile! (Luka 7:11-17; 8:49-56; Johane 11:38-44) Yebo, labo abaphulukiswa, ngisho nalabo abavuswa, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bafa. Noma kunjalo izimangaliso zikaJesu zabonisa lokho ayeyokwenzela abantu abayophila emhlabeni ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso esikhathini esizayo. IBhayibheli lithembisa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi “akekho ohlala khona oyothi: ‘Ngiyagula.’”—Isaya 33:24; IsAmbulo 21:3, 4.

Namuhla, njengoba sonke sazi kahle, wonke umuntu uyagula futhi afe. Amagciwane agulisa izigidi zabantu, ezikhathini eziningi ayababulala. Nokho, umzimba womuntu uklanywe ngendlela emangalisa kangangokuthi abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungani umuntu egula. Udokotela wezokwelapha uLewis Thomas wabhala ngendima ebalulekile yamagciwane futhi waphawula ukuthi ukugula kwenzeka “njengengozi.” Wathi: “Kungenzeka ukuthi kusuke kunephutha elithile elikhulu emasosheni omzimba abantu abagulayo.”

Ngempela, abantu abanesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esiqinile kuyimvelakancane ukuba baphathwe izifo zamagciwane. Noma kunjalo, abantu bagcina benqotshwe ukuguga nokufa. IBhayibheli lithi isono esazuzwa njengefa kumuntu wokuqala owadalwa ephelele, u-Adamu, yiso esiwubuthaka obubangela ukugula nokufa. IBhayibheli liyachaza: “Ngomuntu oyedwa isono sangena ezweni nokufa kwangena ngesono, futhi kanjalo ukufa kwasakazekela kubantu bonke ngenxa yokuthi bonke bonile.”—Roma 5:12.

Nokho, uNkulunkulu wathumela iNdodana yakhe emhlabeni ukuthi inikele ngokuphila kwayo okuphelele njengesihlengo sokukhulula abantu emiphumeleni yesono. (Mathewu 20:28) IBhayibheli liyachaza: “Inkokhelo yesono ukufa, kodwa isipho uNkulunkulu asinikezayo ukuphila okuphakade ngoKristu Jesu iNkosi yethu.” (Roma 6:23; 1 Johane 5:11) Ngaphansi kokubusa koMbuso kaNkulunkulu, siyowezwa amandla aphulukisayo omhlatshelo wesihlengo sikaKristu. Khona-ke, wonke amagciwane, ngisho nalawo manje adala izifo, ngeke esalimaza muntu.

Akunangqondo yini ukufunda ngohulumeni woMbuso othenjiswe eBhayibhelini, oyonikeza amakhambi ezinkinga zesintu? OFakazi BakaJehova bayokujabulela ukukusiza ukuba ufunde okwengeziwe.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 19]

Lokho Ongakwenza

Yini ongayenza ukuze unciphise usongo lwamagciwane anenkani? I-World Health Organization inikezé iziqondiso ezithile. Okokuqala, ichazé izinyathelo esingazithatha ukuze sinciphise izifo nokubhebhetheka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Okwesibili, ichazé indlela abantu abangathuthukisa ngayo indlela abasebenzisa ngayo ama-antimicrobial.

Kunengqondo ukuthi indlela engcono yokunciphisa izifo nokubhebhetheka kwazo ukwenza noma yini edingekile ukuze uhlale ungumqemane. Yini ongayenza ukuze ugweme ukugula?

Izinyathelo Zokugwema Ukugula

1. Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuba uthole lezi zinto ezintathu ezilandelayo: ukudla okufanele, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokwanele nokuphumula ngokwanele.

2. Landela imithetho yenhlanzeko yomuntu siqu. Izazi zezempilo zigcizelela ukugeza izandla njengesinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekugwemeni ukugula nasekuvimbeleni ukudluliselwa kwezifo kwabanye.

3. Qiniseka ukuthi ukudla enikudlayo wena nomkhaya wakho kuphephile. Ikakhulukazi qaphela ukuthi izandla zakho nendawo okulungiselwa ukudla kuyo ihlanzekile. Qiniseka nokuthi amanzi ogeza ngawo izandla nokudla ahlanzekile. Njengoba amagciwane ezalela kakhulu ekudleni, ziphekisise kahle zonke izinhlobo zenyama. Gcina ukudla ngokufanele futhi ukufake esiqandisini.

4. Emazweni lapho izifo ezimbi zithuthwa khona yizinambuzane ezindizayo, nciphisa isikhathi osichitha wenza imisebenzi ngaphandle ebusuku noma lapho kusesekuseni kakhulu okuyisikhathi lezi zinambuzane ezimatasa ngaso. Sebenzisa njalo inetha lokuzivikela.

5. Imithi yokugoma ingasiza ekulekeleleni amasosha omzimba wakho ukuba alwe namagciwane athile avamile lapho uhlala khona.

Ukusebenzisa Ama-antimicrobial

1. Bonana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uthenge noma usebenzise noma yimaphi ama-antibiotic noma ama-antimicrobial. Ngokuvamile imikhiqizo ethengiselwa umthengi ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela izuzisa umthengisi kakhulu ngaphezu komthengi.

2. Ungamphoqi udokotela wakho ukuba akunike ama-antibiotic. Uma umphoqa, angase akunike wona ngoba nje esabela ukuthi uzolahlekelwa yikhasimende. Ngokwesibonelo, imikhuhlane idalwa ama-virus, ngakho ama-antibiotic awayilaphi imikhuhlane. Ukuphuza ama-antibiotic lapho une-virus kungase kucindezele ama-bacterium awusizo, mhlawumbe kunikeze anenkani ithuba lokwanda.

3. Musa ukufuna njalo imithi yamuva—kungenzeka ukuthi akuyona ekulungele futhi kungenzeka ibize kakhulu kunokudingekile.

4. Funa ulwazi nganoma yimiphi imithi emthonjeni othembekile: Ngowani lo muthi? Unamiphi imiphumela engathandeki? Kwenzekani uma uhlangana neminye imithi oyisebenzisayo futhi yiziphi ezinye izici onazo ezingenza ukuba ukuwuphuza kube yingozi?

5. Uma kufaneleka ngempela ukuba welashwe ngama-antibiotic, ngokuvamile kukhuthazwa ukuba uwaphuze uze uwaqede, ngisho noma kungenzeka uzizwe usuphilile ngaphambi kokuba uwaqede. Le ngxenye yokugcina isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi afe wonke amagciwane akugulisayo.

[Isithombe ekhasini 20]

Ngaphansi kukahulumeni wokulunga kaNkulunkulu, abantu bayojabulela ukuphila kungasekho magciwane ayingozi