Uwoyela—Ingabe Uyisibusiso Uphinde Ube Yisiqalekiso?
AMAZWE ezezimboni axhomeke ngezinga elingakanani kuwoyela nasemikhiqizweni yawo? Uwoyela—negesi yemvelo—kubalulekile kuwo, futhi njengoba uDaniel Yergin esho encwadini yakhe ethi The Prize, lokhu kuye kwakha “Umphakathi Oxhomeke Kuwoyela.” Ake ucabange ngowoyela wokubasa, ugrisi, izingcino, ama-asphalt, nezinto ezenziwa ngamakhemikhali kawoyela—izindiza, izimoto, izikebhe, inhlaka yokunamathelisa, upende, izingubo ze-polyester, amateki, amathoyizi, udayi, amaphilisi e-aspirin, amakha okuziqhola, izimonyo, ama-disc okuqopha, ama-computer, ama-TV, nezingcingo. Nsuku zonke abantu abaningi basebenzisa idlanzana lemikhiqizo noma izinto ezingaphezu kuka-4 000 ezenziwe ngowoyela ezithonya ukuphila kwanamuhla. Kodwa kuthiwani ngomonakalo ekuphileni oye waba yingxenye yomlando kawoyela selokhu kwathi nhlo?
Inkosi ‘Engabusi Ngomusa’
Ngasekupheleni kuka-1940, lapho impi phakathi kweRomania neHungary yayibonakala iseduze, umashiqela oyiNazi u-Adolf Hitler wasukumela phezulu waba umlamuli. Ingabe kwakuyisenzo sobuhle? Lokho uHitler ayefuna ukukuvimbela ngempela kwakuwukuba imithombo kawoyela yaseRomania ingaweli ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. Uwoyela wawuyimbangela eyinhloko futhi yokuhlasela kwe-Iraq eKuwait ngo-1990 kanye nokungenela kwamanye amazwe ekuhlaseleni elase-Iraq. Lezi akuzona nje izenzakalo ezingahlobene. Ngokuvamile ukufuna ukulawula imithombo kawoyela kuye kwaba yimbangela yezimpi nokuhlupheka.
Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi uwoyela ubalulekile ekuphileni kwanamuhla kodwa futhi uyisici esiyinhloko sezimpikiswano zezombusazwe futhi uthakazelelwa ngokukhethekile yidlanzana labantu abanamandla. Njengoba i-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) isanda kusho, uwoyela awuwona umkhiqizo ovamile kodwa “uyigula lombango kosomaqhinga.” Amazwe aye asebenzisa uwoyela ukuze asizakale kwezombusazwe, ngokusebenzisa unswinyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo kawoyela, izikhungo zokuwuhluza, nemikhumbi kuye kwahlaselwa amaphekula—okuye kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni.
Imboni kawoyela iye yamangalelwa ngokuba nesandla emonakalweni odaleka emvelweni ngenxa yesikhutha esiphumela emkhathini, esingase sinezele ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu embulungeni yonke. Ngokombiko we-PEMEX (Mexican Petroleums), okungenye yezinkampani zikawoyela ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni, lapho kuhluzwa uwoyela ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene kuphuma izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Nakuba uphethiloli usuhlanzekile ngezinga elithile manje—cishe eminyakeni eyisithupha ngemva kwe-Kyoto Protocol, lapho amazwe angu-161 ahlangana khona ukuzothatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa usongo lokufudumala kwesimo sezulu embulungeni yonke—abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi kusekuncane okushintshile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-OPEC ithi “uwoyela yiwona oletha ingcebo nokuchuma namuhla okujatshulelwa” amazwe amaningi. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi?
Abanye bangase bakhombe umonakalo oye wadalwa ukumbiwa kwemithombo kawoyela nokwakhiwa kwamapayipi okuwuthutha. Abanye bangase baveze inani elandayo labantu abangasebenzi eSaudi Arabia, izwe elinowoyela omningi kunawo wonke. U-Alí Rodríguez Araque, umongameli we-OPEC, uthi: “Ohulumeni bamazwe ezezimboni basizakala kakhulu ngokuzidela abakufuna kubakhiqizi, kubahluzi bakawoyela nakubathengi.”
I-CorpWatch, inhlangano elwela ukuba izinhlangano zilandise ezindabeni ezinjengokuphathwa kwemvelo ngobulungisa, ithi: “Uwoyela useyiNkosi. Kodwa awubusi ngomusa.”
Liyoba yini ikusasa likawoyela?