Iluphi Uketshezi Oluyigugu Kunalo Lonke?
“Kwezempilo, igazi linjengowoyela kwezokuthutha.”—U-Arthur Caplan, umqondisi wesikhungo sezimiso zezokwelapha e-University of Pennsylvania.
UWOYELA. Ingabe ilona ketshezi oluyigugu kunalo lonke? Kulezi zinsuku lapho intengo kaphethiloli ikhuphuka khona njalo, abanye bangase bacabange kanjalo. Nokho, iqiniso liwukuthi ngamunye wethu uthwele amalitha ambalwa oketshezi oluyigugu kunalo lonke. Ake ucabange: Njengoba kumbiwa izinkulungwane zezigidi zemiphongolo kawoyela emhlabeni unyaka ngamunye ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo sikaphethiloli emphakathini, kudonswa amaphayinti egazi angaba yizigidi ezingu-90 kubantu ngethemba lokusiza abagulayo.a Lelo nani elishaqisayo limelela umthamo wegazi wabantu abangaba ngu-8 000 000.
Noma kunjalo, kubonakala sengathi igazi liyantuleka, njengoba kunjalo nangowoyela. Abezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke baxwayisa ngokusweleka kwegazi. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Izinyathelo Eziphuthumayo.”) Yini eyenza igazi libe yigugu kangaka?
Isitho Esiyingqayizivele
Ngenxa yokuthi liyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo, igazi livame ukufaniswa nesitho somzimba. UDkt. Bruce Lenes watshela i-Phaphama!: “Igazi lingesinye sezitho zomzimba eziningi—liyamangalisa ngempela futhi liyingqayizivele.” Ngempela liyingqayizivele! Incwadi ethile ichaza igazi ngokuthi “isitho somzimba okuwukuphela kwaso esiwuketshezi.” Incwadi efanayo ibiza igazi ngokuthi “isimiso sokuthutha esiphilayo.” Kusho ukuthini lokho?
Isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi sinjengemihubhe ethutha izinto ezinhle nokungcola okuningi. Njengoba lijikeleza esimisweni esingamakhilomitha angu-100 000, lifinyelela cishe kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba, kuhlanganise nenhliziyo, izinso, isibindi namaphaphu—izitho ezibalulekile ezisebenza ngegazi.
Igazi liletha “izinto ezinhle” eziningi emangqamuzaneni omzimba, njengomoya-mpilo, izakhi namasosha omzimba, kodwa libuye likhiphe “nokungcola,” njengesikhutha esinobuthi, amangqamuzana alimele noma afile, kanye nenye imfucumfucu. Indima efezwa igazi ekukhipheni ukungcola isenza sibone ukuthi kungani kungaba ingozi ukuthinta igazi lapho seliphumile emzimbeni. Futhi akekho ongagomela ngokuthi konke “ukungcola” okusegazini kutholakele futhi kwakhishwa ngaphambi kokuba limpontshelwe komunye umuntu.
Akungabazeki ukuthi igazi lenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekuphileni. Yingakho abezokwelapha benomkhuba wokumpompela igazi ezigulini eziye zopha. Odokotela abaningi bangase bathi yile ndlela yokulisebenzisa ekwelapheni elenza libe igugu kangaka. Nokho, izinto bezilokhu zishintsha emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Kunjengokungathi kunenguquko ebilokhu yenzeka buthule. Odokotela abaningi abelaphayo nabahlinzayo abasasheshi ukumpompela igazi njengakuqala. Kungani kunjalo?
[Umbhalo waphansi]
a Iphayinti ngalinye linamamililitha angu-450 egazi.
[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 4]
Izinyathelo Eziphuthumayo
Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha balinganisela ukuthi kudingeka kunikelwe ngamanye amaphayinti egazi ayizigidi ezingu-200 emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye. Amaphesenti angu-82 abo bonke abantu emhlabeni ahlala emazweni asathuthuka, kodwa lezo zindawo zinikela ngamaphesenti angaphansi kwangu-40 alo lonke igazi elidingekayo. Izibhedlela eziningi kulawo mazwe zisebenza ngaphandle kwegazi. Iphephandaba laseKenya i-Nation libika ukuthi ‘usuku ngalunye cishe isigamu sazo zonke izinqubo zokwelapha ezidinga igazi ziyakhanselwa noma zihlehliswe ngenxa yokusweleka kwegazi.’
Ukusweleka kwegazi kuyawathinta namazwe acebile. Njengoba abantu beya bekhula nezinqubo zezokwelapha zithuthuka, liye landa inani labantu abahlinzwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liyanda inani labantu abajikiswayo lapho bezonikela ngegazi ngenxa yokuthi baphila ngendlela eyingozi kakhulu noma baye baya ezindaweni eziye zabachaya ezifweni noma emagciwaneni athile.
Kubonakala sengathi labo abanomthwalo wokuqoqa igazi baye bazithola besenkingeni. Ngezinye izikhathi kufunwa intsha, ngokuvamile engaphili ukuphila okuyingozi, ukuze inikele ngegazi elingenazifo. Ngokwesibonelo, manje izingane zesikole zinikela ngamaphesenti angu-70 egazi eZimbabwe. Izikhungo ezamukela igazi zivulwa amahora amaningi, futhi kwamanye amazwe zize zivunyelwe ukuba zikhiphe isinxephezelo ukuze zikwazi ukudonsa abantu abazonikela ngegazi futhi zibagcine. Emkhankasweni othile eCzech Republic kwamenywa izakhamuzi ukuba zizozanelisa ngamathantala kabhiya uma zinikela ngegazi! Kwenye indawo eNdiya, iziphathimandla muva nje bezingqongqoza emizini zifuna abantu abazonikela abazimisele ukusiza ekwandiseni umthamo wegazi eligciniwe.