Izivikelo Zomhlaba Ezimangalisayo
UMKHATHI uyindawo eyingozi egcwele imisebe ebulalayo nezinguzunga zamatshe. Kodwa, kubonakala sengathi iplanethi yethu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihamba kulesi “siminyaminya sezinto ezitshuzayo” emkhathini ngaphandle kwenkinga. Ngani? Ngenxa yokuthi umhlaba unesivikelo esimangalisayo—amandla kazibuthe amakhulu kanye nomkhathi oklanywe ngokukhethekile.
Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba avela ekujuleni komhlaba futhi aphelela emkhathini, lapho akha khona isivikelo esingabonakali okuthiwa i-magnetosphere (esiboniswe kwesokudla). Lesi sivikelo sisivikela emisebeni enamandla evela emkhathini nasezingozini zelanga. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama-solar wind, ayithala elinganqamuki lezinhlayiya ezingamandla; ama-solar flare, akhipha amandla angalingana namabhomu e-hydrogen ayizigidi ngomzuzu; kanye nama-coronal mass ejection (ama-CME), akhiphela emkhathini izigidi zamathani ezinto ezivela ebusweni belanga. Kokubili ama-solar flare nama-CME kukhipha imisebe ebukhali yokukhanya emibalabala (eboniswe ngezansi kwesokudla), ebonakala emkhathini eduze nezingxenye zomhlaba ezisenyakatho neziseningizimu.
Umkhathi womhlaba ungesinye isivikelo. Ingxenye yawo engaphandle, okuthiwa i-stratosphere, iqukethe uhlobo lomoya-mpilo okuthiwa i-ozone, olubamba cishe amaphesenti angu-99 emisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela ngaphandle. Ngakho, ungqimba lwe-ozone lusiza ekuvikeleni izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nabantu ne-plankton, emisebeni eyingozi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, umthamo we-ozone esemkhathini awunasilinganiso kodwa ulingana namandla emisebe ye-UV, okwenza ungqimba lwe-ozone lube isivikelo esihle esiphumelelayo.
Umkhathi womhlaba usivikela nasengozini yansuku zonke yamatshe avela emkhathini, anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kusukela ezinhlayiyeni ezincane kuya ezinguzungeni ezinkulu. Ngokujabulisayo, amaningi ala matshe ayasha emkhathini, abe ukukhanya okukhulu okuthiwa izinkanyezi ezitshuzayo.
Izivikelo zomhlaba aziyivimbi imisebe ebalulekile ekuphileni, njengokushisa nokukhanya okubonakalayo. Umkhathi womhlaba usiza nasekusabalaliseni ukushisa emhlabeni wonke, futhi ebusuku uba njengengubo ebamba ukushisa.
Umkhathi womhlaba kanye namandla kazibuthe ngempela kuyimiklamo emangalisayo engakaqondakali ngokugcwele. Kungashiwo okufanayo nangokunye okutholakala emhlabeni—amanzi amaningi ageleza kuwo.