Okudingekayo Ukuze Ube Umnakekeli Wezindlovu — Watchtower UMTAPO OKUYI-INTHANETHI

Okudingekayo Ukuze Ube Umnakekeli Wezindlovu

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! ENDIYA

NJENGOBA i-mahout, noma umnakekeli wezindlovu, epheka ukudla eceleni koMfula iNarmada, washiya umntanakhe phakathi komboko nomlenze wangaphambili wendlovu yakhe eyayiphumule. Lo mntwana wazama kaningi ukusuka, kodwa “le ndlovu eyayiphumule ngesineke yayimbamba ngomboko imbuyisele lapho uyise ayemshiye khona,” kusho incwadi ethi Project Elephant. “Lo baba waqhubeka epheka futhi wayebonakala eqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi umntwana usezandleni eziphephile.”

Izindlovu ezisebenzayo bezilokhu zisebenzela abantu kusukela emuva ngo-2000 B.C.E. Endulo, izindlovu zaziqeqeshelwa impi ngokuyinhloko. ENdiya yanamuhla, ziqeqeshelwa umsebenzi. Zisetshenziswa embonini yezingodo, emikhosini yenkolo nasemishadweni, ezikhangisweni, emasekisini ngisho nasekunxibeni. Zifuywa kanjani lezi zindlovu? Futhi ziqeqeshwa kanjani?

Izifundo Zokuqeqesha Indlovu

Kunezikhungo eziningana eNdiya ezinakekela amankonyane ezindlovu athunjiwe, ashiywe dengwane noma alimale endle. Esinye salezi zikhungo siseKoni, esifundeni saseKerala. Lapha, amankonyane afundiswa ukusebenza. Umnakekeli wendlovu kufanele aqale azame ukuba inkonyane limethembe. Ukuliphakela kuyindlela ebalulekile yokwenza kanjalo. Inkonyane liyalazi izwi lomnakekeli walo, futhi lapho elibiza ukuba lizokudla, liza ligijima lizothola ubisi nenhlama yamabele. Ngokuvamile amankonyane awafundiswa ukusebenza kuze kube yilapho esevile eminyakeni eyishumi nambili. Khona-ke, aqala ukusetshenziswa lapho efinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-25. EKerala, imithetho kahulumeni ithi izindlovu ezisebenzayo kufanele ziyeke ukusebenza lapho sezineminyaka engu-65.

Ukuze anakekele indlovu ngokuphepha, umnakekeli kumelwe aqeqeshwe kahle. Ngokwenhlangano i-Elephant Welfare Association yaseTrichur, eKerala, umnakekeli omusha wezindlovu kufanele athole ukuqeqeshwa okunzulu okungenani izinyanga ezintathu. Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo akugcini ngokufunda ukunikeza imiyalo. Kuhlanganisa nokufunda ngakho konke ukuphila kwezindlovu.

Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuqeqesha indlovu esikhulile. Emi ngaphandle kwesibaya indlovu ekuso, umqeqeshi uqale ayifundise ukuqonda imiyalo yomlomo. EKerala, umnakekeli usebenzisa imiyalo nezimpawu ezingaba ngu-20 ukuze aqondise indlovu yakhe ekwenzeni umsebenzi ofunekayo. Unikeza imiyalo ecacile ngezwi eliphakeme, kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo, uthinta indlovu ngenduku ayibonise lokho okufanele ikwenze. Uma iwulalela umyalo, inikwa okuncane okwehla esiphundu. Lapho umqeqeshi eseqiniseka ukuthi indlovu isinobungane, ungena ngaphakathi esibayeni ayiphulule. Lokhu kusebenzelana kuqinisa ukwethembana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlovu ingase ikhishwe esibayeni—kodwa ngokukhulu ukuqapha, ngoba isuke ingakafundiseki ngokuphelele. Kuze kube yilapho sekusobala ukuthi indlovu isifundiseke kahle, iboshelwa phakathi kwezindlovu ezimbili ezisetshenziswa lapho isaqeqeshwa uma ikhishwa ukuze iyogezwa nokwenza eminye imisebenzi.

Lapho indlovu isiyiqonda imiyalo yomlomo, umnakekeli ugibela kuyo ayifundise indlela yokusabela emiyalweni yezimpawu ngokuyithinta ngezinzwane noma ngezithende. Ukuze indlovu iye phambili, umnakekeli uyicindezela ngoqukula bakhe ngemva kwamadlebe. Ukuze ihlehle, uyicindezela ngazo zombili izithende zakhe emahlombe. Ukuze ingadideki, umnakekeli oyedwa kuphela onikeza iziqondiso. Indlovu iyoyiqonda yonke imiyalo ngemva kweminyaka emithathu noma emine. Ngemva kwalokho, ngeke iyikhohlwe. Nakuba indlovu inobuchopho obuncane uma buqhathanisa nomzimba wayo, iyisilwane esihlakaniphe kakhulu.

Ukunakekela Indlovu

Indlovu kufanele igcinwe iphila futhi ijabule. Kubalulekile ukuba igezwe nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sokugeza, umnakekeli wayo usebenzisa itshe namakhasi kakhukhunathi asikwe kahle ukuze akhuhle isikhumba sayo esiwugqinsi, kodwa esithambile futhi esizwelayo.

Kube sekulandela isikhathi sokudla kwasekuseni. Umnakekeli wendlovu ulungiselela inhlama kakolweni, amabele nefolishi lamahhashi. Ukudla okuyinhloko kuhlanganisa uqalo, amahlamvu esundu notshani. Indlovu ijabula ife uma kunezelwa nezaqathe ezingaphekiwe nomoba. Izindlovu zichitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwazo zidla. Zidinga ukudla okungaba amakhilogremu angu-140 namanzi angamalitha angu-150 nsuku zonke! Ukuze alondoloze ubungane nalesi silwane sakhe, umnakekeli kufanele azanelise lezi zidingo.

Imiphumela Yokuhlukunyezwa

Indlovu emnene yaseNdiya ayithwali noma isetshenziswe ngaphezu kokufanele. Izindlovu zingabaphendukela abanakekeli abazizwisa ubuhlungu ngamazwi noma ngezinye izindlela. Iphephandaba laseNdiya i-Sunday Herald lake lakhuluma ngendlovu yeduna “eyavuka umbhejazane . . . ngemva kokuphathwa ngesihluku abanakekeli bezindlovu. Le ndlovu eyayicasukile ngenxa yokushaywa umnakekeli wayo yadlubulundela . . . kwaze kwadingeka ukuba ilaliswe ngomjovo.” Ngo-April 2007, i-India Today International yabika: “Kulezi zinyanga ezimbili ezidlule kuphela, amaduna angaphezu kwayishumi aye avuka umbhejazane emikhosini ethile; kusukela ngo-January nyakenye, lezi zilwane ezithukuthele ziye zabulala abanakekeli abangu-48.” Lokhu kuziphatha kuvame ukubonakala ngenkathi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-musth. Lokhu ukuziphatha kwaminyaka yonke okuhlobene nenkathi yokukhwelana, lapho amazinga e-hormone emaduneni aphilile asekhulile enyuka khona. Umphumela uba ulaka nokuhlupha amanye amaduna kanye nabantu. Le nkathi ingathatha izinsuku ezingu-15 kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu.

Esinye isimo esingenza indlovu ibe nolaka kulapho idayiswa futhi sekufanele inakekelwe umnakekeli omusha. Kuba sobala ukuthi ibimkhonzile umnakekeli omdala. Ukuze kube noshintsho olungenazihibe, ngokuvamile umnakekeli wayo wangaphambili uhamba nayo lapho iyiswa ekhaya elisha. Lapho, bobabili abanakekeli bayasebenzisana kuze kube yilapho omusha esejwayelene nesimilo sendlovu. Lapho umnakekeli eshona bese kudingeka ukuba kube nomusha, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu nakakhulu. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi indlovu iyasibona isimo esisha futhi isamukele.

Nakuba abanye abantu bengase basesabe lesi silwane esinamandla, indlovu eqeqeshwe kahle iyamhlonipha umnikazi wayo onomusa. Uma iphathwa ngomusa, akudingeki ngisho nokuba indlovu iboshwe lapho umnakekeli wayo engekho okwesikhashana. Okudingeka nje ukuba akwenze ukubeka induku yakhe phansi ayincikise onyaweni lwendlovu abese esitshela lesi silwane ukuba singanyakazi. Indlovu ima inganyakazi, nenduku ihlale ilapho. Njengoba sibonile esethulweni, ukubambisana phakathi kwendlovu nomnakekeli wayo kungamangalisa futhi kuthinte nenhliziyo. Yebo, umnakekeli omuhle angayethemba indlovu yakhe.

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UMLANDO OMUDE PHAKATHI KWABANTU NEZINDLOVU

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu befuya izindlovu. Cishe isibonelo sasendulo esaziwa kakhulu esikaHannibal, ujenene waseCarthage. Ekhulwini lesithathu B.C.E., umuzi waseCarthage eNyakatho Afrika wawulwa namaRoma ezimpini ezathatha iminyaka eyikhulu ezaziwa ngokuthi iziMpi ZamaPunic. UHannibal wahlela ibutho emzini waseCartagena, eSpain, ngenhloso yokuhlasela iRoma. Waqale wanqamula izintaba zasePyrenees ukuze angene ezweni manje eseliyiFrance. Kamuva, kulokho umagazini i-Archaeology okubiza ngokuthi “omunye wemikhankaso yezempi enesibindi kakhulu emlandweni,” ibutho lakhe lamadoda angu-25 000—elalinezindlovu zase-Afrika ezingu-37 nezilwane eziningi ezithwalayo—lanqamula izintaba zase-Alps langena e-Italy. Labhekana namakhaza, iziphepho zeqhwa, ukudilika kwamadwala nezizwe ezinobutha ezihlala ezintabeni. Lolo hambo lwalunzima kakhulu kulezi zindlovu. Ayikho neyodwa kuzo eyasinda phakathi nonyaka wokuqala uHannibal engene e-Italy.

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Umnakekeli wendlovu ukhuhla isikhumba sayo esiwugqinsi kodwa esithambile futhi esizwelayo

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