Ukuvikela Umkhaya Wakho Emkhuhlaneni
Esiprofethweni sikaJesu esiphathelene nokuphela kwalesi simiso sezinto, wabikezela “ukuqubuka kwezifo ezindaweni eziningi.” (Luka 21:11, The New Testament in Plain English) Umkhuhlane noma imfuluwenza, usungesinye salezo zifo.
UMKHUHLANE ubangelwa igciwane elingena emangqamuzaneni aphilayo bese lilawula ukusebenza kwawo ukuze likhiqize amagciwane engeziwe. Igciwane lomkhuhlane, elihlasela imigudu yokuphefumula, lidluliselwa komunye umuntu ngamaconsi oketshezi lomzimba lapho umuntu ogulayo ethimula, ekhwehlela, ngisho noma ekukhuluma. Kuqubuka ubhadane uma isifo sihlasela abantu abaningi endaweni enkulu.
Amagciwane awathinti abantu kuphela kodwa nezilwane kanye nezinyoni. Amagciwane omkhuhlane ahlukaniswa ngezigaba A, B, noma C. Igciwane lohlobo A yilona eliyimbangela evame kakhulu yemfuluwenza. Izinhlobo zamagciwane zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngamaprotheni amabili atholakala egciwaneni: i-hemagglutinin (H) ne-neuraminidase (N).
Izinto eziyinhloko ezikhathazayo ngamagciwane omkhuhlane ukuthi angase ande ngokushesha ngokuzishintshashintsha njalo, futhi izinhlobo ezingafani zingahlangana zakhe uhlobo olusha. Uma uhlobo oluthile lwakheke ngendlela eyinqaba ngempela, amasosha omzimba womuntu angase angakwazi ukulwa nalo.
Umkhuhlane uvame kakhulu ebusika. Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi uma kubanda ulwelwesi olungaphandle lwegciwane luba ujengezi oluvikela leli gciwane lwenze liphile isikhathi eside emoyeni, kodwa luyancibilika emgudwini wokuphefumula oshisayo womuntu, okubangela ukusakazeka kwamagciwane. Umoya obandayo awubenzi abantu bangenwe amagciwane, kodwa ungadala isimo esiwasiza ukuba asakazeke.
Izinyathelo Zokuzivikela
Beqaphela isidingo sokuzilungiselela, ohulumeni abaningi sebenezinhlelo abazenzile. Kodwa yini wena ongayenza? Ake sihlaziye izinyathelo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokuzivikela:
Qinisa umzimba: Qiniseka ukuthi umkhaya wakho ulala ngokwanele futhi udla ukudla okusiza ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba. Ukudla kwenu kufanele kube nezithelo nemifino eminingi, ukudla okumahhadla namaprotheni angenamafutha, anika umzimba ama-amino acid adingekayo ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba.
Yakha isimo esinqanda ukwanda kwamagciwane: Uma kungenzeka, gcina amatafula owasebenzisayo ehlanzekile nsuku zonke. Geza izitsha zokupheka nezokudlela ngemva kokuzisebenzisa, futhi uwashe nezingubo zokulala njalo. Sula izinto ezithintwa abantu: izibambo zeminyango, izingcingo, nemishini yokushintsha iziteshi. Uma kungenzeka, qiniseka ukuthi kushaya umoya endlini.
Kwenze umkhuba ukuhlala uhlanzekile: Geza izandla njalo ngensipho namanzi noma ngomuthi wokugeza izandla one-alcohol. (Uma kungenzeka, phatha ibhodlela elincane olunoketshezi lokuhlanza izandla.) Zama ukungawahlanganyeli nabanye amathawula okusula izandla noma ubuso, ngisho nanamanye amalungu omkhaya.
Ungawathinti amehlo, ikhala, noma umlomo ngezandla ezingcolile. Uma kungenzeka, sebenzisa amaphepha okuzisula ukuze uzivale umlomo namakhala lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula futhi uwalahle ngokushesha. Gwema ukuhlanganyela nabanye izinto ezingasakaza amagciwane kalula, njengezingcingo. Izingane kufanele ziqeqeshwe kahle ukuze zijwayelane nale mikhuba. Kuhle ukuba nale mikhuba ngaso sonke isikhathi kodwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somkhuhlane.
Bonisa Ukuthi Uyabacabangela Abanye
Kulula ukuthelela abanye ngomkhuhlane kusasele usuku ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu kuze kube ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu ugula. Izimpawu ziyefana nezomkhuhlane ovamile kodwa ezemfuluwenza zimbi kakhulu. Zihlanganisa imfiva (ukushisa komzimba), ikhanda, ukukhathala kakhulu, isifuba esomile lapho ukhwehlela nobuhlungu bomzimba. Ikhala elivuzayo nezinkinga zesisu—ezinjengesicanucanu, ukuhlanza nohudo—kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni kunakubantu abadala. Uma unalezi zimpawu, hlala ekhaya uma kungenzeka ukuze ungatheleli abanye ngomkhuhlane.
Phumula ngokwanele futhi uphuze izinto eziningi eziwuketshezi. Imithi elwa namagciwane ingaba usizo kodwa kufanele iphuzwe ngokushesha lapho kuqala izimpawu. I-aspirin (i-acetylsalicylic acid) akufanele inikezwe izingane ezinomkhuhlane. Thola usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha uma uba nezimpawu ezinjengezenyumoniya, njengokuphefumula kanzima, ubuhlungu besifuba noma ikhanda elinkenkethayo.
Ukuba nemfuluwenza kungesabisa kakhulu. Ukukulungela kungakusiza ukuba uyinqobe. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabheka phambili esikhathini iBhayibheli elithembisa ngaso ukuthi “akekho ohlala khona oyothi: ‘Ngiyagula.’”—Isaya 33:24.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 27]
IMFULUWENZA EMBI KAKHULU
Imfuluwenza eyaqubuka eMexico ngo-2009 iwuhlobo lwe-H1N1, olufana nemfuluwenza yaseSpain eyahlasela ngo-1918, yabulala amashumi ezigidi. Nokho, lolu hlobo luqukethe nezici ezitholakala emagciwaneni ahlasela izingulube nezinyoni.
[Ibhokisi/Izithombe ekhasini 28, 29]
IZINDLELA ONGAZIVIKELA NGAZO WENA NABANYE
1. Vala umlomo uma ukhwehlela
2. Geza izandla
3. Gcina indlu yakho ishaya umoya
4. Gcina lezi zinto zihlanzekile
5. Uma ugula, zama ukuhlala ekhaya
6. Ungabathinti abanye
[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 29]
LAPHO KUPHAKAMA ISIMO SEMPILO ESIPHUTHUMAYO
Okokuqala, landela iziqondiso zezikhulu zezempilo. Ungaxhamazeli. Qinisa imikhuba emihle esixoxe ngayo kulesi sihloko. Uma kungenzeka, gwema ukuba sezixukwini. Uma ugula, kungase kube usizo ukusebenzisa isifonyo esifanele. Geza izandla njalo. Gcina ukudla okungaboli kwamasonto amabili okungenani kanye nemithi nezinto zokuhlanza ongazisebenzisa uma ungenakukwazi ukuya ezitolo.
Uma usemsebenzini, endaweni yokukhulekela nakunoma iyiphi indawo egcwele abantu, landela ukusikisela okunikeziwe. Zama nokugcina indawo okuyo ishaya umoya.
[Isithombe ekhasini 27]
Umfanekiso okhulisiwe wegciwane le-H1N1
[Umthombo]
CDC/Cynthia Goldsmith