Amantongomane Okuthiwa Ama-macadamia—Intandokazi YaboMdabu Base-Australia
ISAZI SEZITSHALO uWalter Hill wabuka umsizi wakhe osemncane ethukile. Lo mfana wayesanda kudla amantongomane ayewakhe esihlahleni esasisanda kutholakala endaweni efudumele enamahlathi emvula eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeQueensland, e-Australia. UHill wayezwe kuthiwa la mantongomane anobuthi. Kodwa lo mfana akazange agule futhi akafanga. Kunalokho, wawezwa emnandi kakhulu. Ngakho noHill wadla elilodwa futhi wavuma. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho waqala ukupha abangane bakhe nezazi zezitshalo emhlabeni wonke imbewu yala mantongomane.a
Namuhla, ngemva kweminyaka engu-150, ama-macadamia asethandwa emhlabeni wonke—futhi kufanele. Iphephabhuku i-Chronica Horticulturae liyachaza: “I-macadamia ibhekwa njengentongomane eliphambili kakhulu emhlabeni ngenxa yokuthi alivamile, linambitheka ngokwedlulele, likhumuzela kamnandi futhi linombala ophuzana.” Akumangazi-ke ukuthi ama-macadamia ayisitshalo esihamba phambili e-Australia!
Linegobolondo Eliqinile
Izihlahla ze-macamadia ezihlala ziluhlaza ziyachuma endaweni efudumele esempumalanga yogu lwase-Australia. Izinhlobo ezimbili kwezingu-9 zalesi sihlahla zithela amantongomane adliwayo, anegobolondo elinsundu eliyindilinga, phakathi kube nentongomane elilingana nemabula elinombala ophuzana.
Kunzima ukuqhekeza igobolondo lalo.b AboMdabu base-Australia babesebenzisa amatshe. UJohn Waldron ongumlimi wawo wayesebenzisa isando nensimbi. Empeleni, ngala mathuluzi angasho lutho, waqhekeza amantongomane angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8 phakathi nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-50. Ingabe imishini yayingawenza lo msebenzi? Imishini yokuqala eyaklanywa yayingemukeleki ngoba yayiwalimaza amantongomane. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwakhiwa imishini esebenza kangcono.
Enye inkinga eyaba khona kwaba ukukhiqizwa kwawo. Uma imbewu ethathwe ezihlahleni ezithela kahle itshalwa, ngokuvamile ithela izithelo zezinga eliphansi kakhulu. Imizamo yokuzixhumelela ayizange iphumelele. Bebhekene nalezi zinkinga, ababewatshala ngenjongo yokuthengisa bama okwesikhathi esithile kwaze kwaba ilapho abantu baseHawaii beyixazulula le nkinga. Bazithola izindlela zokuyilungisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokushesha base bethumela la mantongomane cishe emhlabeni wonke. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi agcina esaziwa ngokuthi amantongomane aseHawaii.
Kwathi ngawo-1960, abalimi base-Australia “baqala ukuwatshala ngenjongo yokuwadayisa ngempela la mantongomane,” besebenzisiza izindlela ababezifunde eHawaii. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhweba ngawo kwachuma kangangokuba i-Australia manje isiwakhiqiza futhi iwathumele emazweni angaba yingxenye yomhlaba. Ayatshalwa nase-Afrika, e-Asia naseMelika Ephakathi.
Ukuvakashela Emasimini Ase-Australia
I-Phaphama! yavakashela u-Andrew, onensimu yama-macadamia ngasedolobheni laseLismore, eNew South Wales. U-Andrew wachaza, “Sitshala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-macadamia ukuze zithelelane ngempova.” I-Phaphama! yathola ukuthi ezigidini eziningi zezihlahla ezitshalwe e-Australia, ezingamaphesenti angu-80 ziyizinhlobo ezilumbaniswe abalimi baseHawaii. Kodwa manje abalimi base-Australia basebenzisa izitshalo zama-macadamia emvelo ukuze bakhiqize izinhlobo ezingcono zamantongomane.
Njengoba sibuka lezi zihlahla, sibona amakhulukhulu amantongomane alengayo. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha amantongomane ayavuthwa abese evuthuluka. Saqaphela ukuthi amanye kula mantongomane aphansi anezimbobo. U-Andrew wathi, “Amagundane aliququda ngemizuzwana engu-8 igobolondo. Nezintibane ziyawathanda ama-macadamia. Njengoba siqhubekela maphakathi, u-Andrew uyama abese ekhahlela intongomane elivele kancane emhlabathini. “Ngonga amasenti amathathu,” esho ngokumamatheka. Abalimi abaningi bavuna amantongomane ngokusebenzisa umshini oklanywe ngokukhethekile onedilamu nemiphini emifushane eqoqa amantongomane awele phansi. Amantongomane abe esehlutshwa futhi ahlungwe, ngemva kwalokho athunyelwa embonini ukuze akhishwe amagobolondo, abekwe ngokwezigaba ngemva kwalokho athunyelwe kubathengi.
Amnandi Futhi Anempilo!
Njengoba siqeda uhambo lwethu, sihlafuna la mantongomane—ubumnandi bawo busishiya sikhotha izindebe. Ingabe anempilo? Amafutha asentongomaneni ngalinye (okungamafutha amahle) “ngokuvamile angamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-72, okuyinani elidlula zonke ezinye izinhlobo zamantongomane anamafutha,” ngokombiko kahulumeni ophathelene nama-macadamia. Ngokocwaningo lwamuva, ukuwadla ngokulinganisela kunganciphisa amafutha ayingozi egazini, i-triglycerides futhi kwehlise nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Abantu bayawathanda la mantongomane uma kwenziwe ngawo ushokoledi, amakhekhe no-ice cream. Abanye bawathanda uma egazingiwe afakwa usawoti noma nje engenziwanga lutho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakhetha kuphi, abantu abaningi abawadeli.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi kwalokho, abahloli bamazwe uCunningham (1828) noLeichhardt (1843) bawaqoqa la mantongomane, imbewu yawo bayigcina endaweni ethile kodwa bangabhala ukuthi eyani. Ngo-1857, uzakwabo kaHill, isazi sezitshalo saseMelbourne uFerdinand von Mueller, waqamba lolu hlobo lwamantongomane ngokuthi i-Macadamia okuyigama lomngane wakhe omkhulu uDkt. John Macadam.
b Amagobolondo ama-macadamia aqine kangangokuba asetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokukhuhla izinto.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 23]
AMAGOBOLONDO KUPHEHLWA NGAWO UGESI
Amagobolondo e-macadamia aqinile ane-calorific noma izakhi zokuphehla ugesi ezithi azilingane nezamalahle ansundu. Ngakho-ke, inkampani ethile kagesi e-Astralia isebenzisa la magobolondo ukuze iphehle ugesi osetshenziswa embonini yamantongomane nothunyelwa kwezinye izindawo. Lesi sikhungo singesokuqala e-Australia esisebenzisa imfucumfucu ekwenzeni ugesi, futhi ugesi okhiqizwayo ungase unyuke impela njengoba banda abalimi abaletha amagobolondo.
[Isithombe ekhasini 23]
Abalimi base-Australia batshala izinkulungwane zezihlahla unyaka ngamunye
[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 23]
All photos pages 22 and 23: Australian Macadamia Society