Isakhi Esimangalisayo

Incwadi ethi Nature’s Building Blocks ithi: “Asikho isakhi esibaluleke ukwedlula ikhabhoni ekuphileni.” Izici ezingavamile zekhabhoni ziyenza ikwazi ukuxhumana nenye ikhabhoni kanye nezinye izakhi eziningi, kwakheke izigidi zamakhemikhali, iningi lawo elisalokhu litholakala noma lenziwa.

Njengoba izibonelo ezilapha zibonisa, ama-atom ekhabhoni angahlangana namanye ukuze ame ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise ezisaketanga, ezimise okwe-pyramid, ezisasiyingi, ezisasicaba nezisashubhu. Ngempela ikhabhoni iyisakhi esimangalisayo! 

IDAYIMANE

Ama-atom ekhabhoni akha izinto eziqine kakhulu ezimise okwama-pyramid, ezibizwa ngama-tetrahedron, okwenza idayimane libe yinto eqine kunazo zonke ezitholakala ngokwemvelo. Idayimane langempela limane nje liyi-molecule eyodwa eyakhiwe ama-atom ekhabhoni.

I-GRAPHITE

Ama-atom ekhabhoni axhumene ngokuqinile ahlelwe aba izicaba ezinganamathelene kakhulu, ezingahlukana kalula njengamaphepha alakanyene. Ngenxa yalezi zici, i-graphite iyasebenza njengento yokuthambisa nanjengekhemikhali eyinhloko emapenini omsizi.a

I-GRAPHENE

Yona iyisicaba esisodwa esimbobombobo sama-atom ekhabhoni axhumene ngezinhlangothi eziyisithupha, noma olayini abalakanyene. I-graphene iqine ngokuphindaphindiwe ukwedlula insimbi. Umbhalo wepeni lomsizi ungaba nesilinganiso esincane se-graphene esingaba isicaba esisodwa noma eziningi.

AMA-FULLERENE

Angama-molecule ekhabhoni angamagobolondo amisa okwezinhlayiyana ezinjengamabhola nezinjengamashubhu abizwa ngokuthi ama-nanotube. Akalwa ngama-nanometer, noma ingxenye eyodwa kweziyizigidi eziyinkulungwane.

IZINTO EZIPHILAYO

Amangqamuzana amaningi akha izitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu akhiwe uxhaxha lwama-atom ekhabhoni—isakhi esitholakala kuma-carbohydrate, amafutha nama-amino acid.