Izifundo NgemiBhalo Ephefumlelwe Nesizinda Sayo

ISifundo Sesi-7—IBhayibheli Ezikhathini Zanamuhla

Umlando wezinhlangano zamaBhayibheli; umsebenzi weWatch Tower Society ekunyatheliseni nasekukhipheni amaBhayibheli; ukukhiqizwa kweNew World Translation.

1. (a) Kungaziphi izinjongo kwanikezwa izigijimi zaphezulu, futhi ngalokho kungani ezinye zingazange zilotshwe? (b) Yiziphi iziyalo eziqondile uJehova azinikeza abaningi babaprofethi, futhi kwaba nayiphi inzuzo kithi “ngezinsuku zokugcina”?

IMIBHALO eNgcwele, izincwadi eziphefumlelwe ezingu-66 lezo namuhla esizazi ngokuthi iBhayibheli, iqukethe “izwi likaJehova” elilotshiwe. (Isaya 66:⁠5) Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ‘lelizwi’ lageleza ngokukhululekile lisuka kuJehova liya kubaprofethi nasezincekwini zakhe emhlabeni. Lezigijimi zaphezulu zafeza injongo yazo yangalesosikhathi futhi zanikeza imibono enamandla ngezenzakalo ezazizokwenzeka nakanjani esikhathini esizayo esasisekude ngalesosikhathi. Kwakungadingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba abaprofethi bakaNkulunkulu balobe “izwi likaJehova” elalidluliselwa kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye zezinkulumo zikaEliya noElisha ezakhulunywa esizukulwaneni sangesikhathi sabo azizange zilondolozwe ngokulotshwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abaprofethi uMose, uIsaya, uJeremiya, uHabakuki, nabanye bamukela iziyalo eziqondile zokuba ‘balobe’ noma ‘balobe encwadini noma emqulwini’ “izwi likaJehova” elalembulwe kubo. (Eks. 17:​14; Isaya 30:⁠8; Jer. 30:⁠2; Hab. 2:⁠2; IsAm. 1:​11) Ngaleyondlela kwalondolozwa “amazwi ashunyayelwa phambili yibo abaprofethi,” kanye nezinye izincwadi ezingcwele, ukuze ashukumise amandla okucabanga ngokuhluzekile ezincekwini zikaJehova futhi ikakhulukazi ukuze anikeze isiqondiso ngokuphathelene ‘nezinsuku zokugcina.’​—⁠2 Pet. 3:​1-⁠3.

2. Yiziphi izinkathi emlandweni eziye zaphawuleka ngomsebenzi owandisiwe ekukopishweni nasekuhunyushweni kweBhayibheli?

² Ukukopishwa okuningi kwemiBhalo yesiHeberu ephefumlelwe kwenziwa kusukela esikhathini sikaEzra kuqhubeke. Kusukela ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka leSikhathi Esivamile, iBhayibheli lakopishwa futhi laphinde lakopishwa amaKristu okuqala futhi lasetshenziswa ekufakazeni ngokuphathelene nezinjongo zikaJehova mayelana noKristu waKhe kuwo wonke amaphethelo omhlaba owawaziwa ngalesosikhathi. Lapho ukunyathelisa ngokucindezela izinhlamvu zamagama kuba okuvamile (kusukela ekhulwini le-15 leminyaka kuqhubeke), kwafakwa omunye umfutho ekwandiseni nasekusakazeni amakhophi eBhayibheli. Ukuhumusha okuningi kanye nokunyathelisa kwenziwa amaqembu azimele ekhulwini le-16 nele-17 leminyaka. Emuva ngawo-1800, iBhayibheli lase likhona lonke noma ngokwengxenye ngezilimi ezingu-⁠71.

IZINHLANGANO ZAMABHAYIBHELI

3. Yisiphi isici esiye saba nengxenye enkulu ekwandeni kokusakazwa kweBhayibheli kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka?

³ Umfutho omkhulu ngokwengeziwe wafakwa kulomsebenzi ekhulwini le-19 nelama-20 leminyaka, lapho izinhlangano zamaBhayibheli ezazisand’ ukusungulwa ziqala ukuba nesandla emsebenzini omkhulu wokusakaza iBhayibheli. Enye yezinhlangano zamaBhayibheli zokuqala impela kwakuyiNhlangano YeBhayibheli YaseBrithani Namazwe Angaphandle, eyahlelwa eLondon ngo-1804. Ukuhlelwa kwalenhlangano yeBhayibheli kwashukumisa ukusungulwa kwezinhlangano ezinjalo eziningi ngokwengeziwe.a

4. (a) Yiziphi izibalo ezibonisa ukuthi ngempela izwi lokuphila liye lasakazeka emhlabeni wonke? (b) Yikuphi ukwaziswa okuwusizo okunikezwe eshadini elisekhasini 322 ngezinguqulo zeBhayibheli ezihlukahlukene ezisohlwini? Bonisa lokhu ngokubhekisela kwezinye izinguqulo zeBhayibheli ezikhethekile.

⁴ Njengoba kwase kunezinhlangano eziningi kangaka zamaBhayibheli ezazisebenza, umsebenzi wokusakaza iBhayibheli wachuma. Ngonyaka ka-1900, iBhayibheli lase likhona lonke noma ngokwengxenye ngezilimi ezingu-567, futhi ngo-1928, ngezilimi ezingu-856. Ngo-1938 ladlula kweziyinkulungwane, futhi manje iBhayibheli litholakala ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwezingu-⁠1 900. Izwi lokuphila likaJehova eliqabulayo liye lagubuzela umhlaba wonke! Kanjalo, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ngabantu bazo zonke izizwe ukuba basabele kulolubizo: “Dumisani iNkosi [“uJehova,” NW] nina nonke-bezizwe, niyibabaze, nina-bantu bonke.” (Roma 15:​11) Ishadi elisekhasini 322, elithi “Ezinye Izinguqulo ZeBhayibheli Eziyinhloko Ngezilimi Ezinkulu Eziyisikhombisa,” linikeza ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngokusakazwa kweBhayibheli kosuku lwanamuhla.

5. Yini ebaluleke ngisho nangokwengeziwe kunokusakazwa kweBhayibheli, nokho yini oFakazi BakaJehova ababongayo ngayo?

⁵ Nakuba ukwenza iBhayibheli litholakale ezindimbaneni zomhlaba kuwumsebenzi oncomekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwalamaBhayibheli ngokwenza abantu baliqonde iBhayibheli kuwumsebenzi obaluleke ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Kwakuwukudlulisela ‘ukuqonda’ izwi okwakubalulekile ezikhathini zamaJuda nezamaKristu okuqala, lapho kwakunamaBhayibheli ambalwa ayetholakala, futhi lokhu kuseyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. (Math. 13:​23; Neh. 8:⁠8) Nokho, lomsebenzi wokufundisa abantu bomhlaba wonke iZwi likaNkulunkulu uye washeshiswa ukusakazwa kabanzi kweBhayibheli. Njengoba oFakazi BakaJehova namuhla beqhubekela phambili nomsebenzi wabo wembulunga yonke wokufundisa ngeBhayibheli, bayajabula ngokuthi izigidi zamaBhayibheli manje seziyatholakala emazweni amaningi nangezilimi eziningi.

OFAKAZI BAKAJEHOVA NJENGABANYATHELISI BEBHAYIBHELI

6. Yimuphi umsebenzi oFakazi BakaJehova abaye baphawuleka ngawo namuhla kanye nasezikhathini zasendulo?

⁶ OFakazi BakaJehova bangabantu abanyathelisa iBhayibheli. Lokhu kwakunjalo ngezinsuku zikaEzra. Kwakunjalo ngezinsuku zabafundi bokuqala bakaJesu Kristu, abagcwalisa umhlaba wasendulo ngamakhophi abo eBhayibheli alotshwe ngesandla kangangokuthi ifa elicebile esilitholile lemibhalo yabo yesandla lidlula noma yiliphi elezinye izincwadi zasendulo. Manje, kulezikhathi zanamuhla, uhlobo olufanayo lomsebenzi wentshiseko wokunyathelisa iBhayibheli ubonakalisa oFakazi BakaJehova.

7. Iyiphi inhlangano oFakazi BakaJehova abayisungula? nini? futhi baqala kanjani ukuthuthukisa inkonzo yabo ngalesosikhathi?

⁷ Ngo-1884 oFakazi BakaJehova basungula inhlangano yokuqhuba umsebenzi wabo wokunyathelisa iBhayibheli, inhlangano manje eyaziwa ngokuthi iWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Ekuqaleni amaBhayibheli ayethengwa kwezinye izinhlangano zamaBhayibheli ukuze aphinde asakazwe yilaboFakazi, ngisho nangalesosikhathi abase bethuthukisa inkonzo yabo yendlu ngendlu ebabonakalisayo. IKing James Version ka-1611 ngesiNgisi yasetshenziswa njengenguqulo yabo eyisisekelo yokutadisha iBhayibheli.

8. (a) IWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society iye yavumelana kanjani negama layo? (b) INhlangano iye yazisebenzisa kanjani izinguqulo eziningi zeBhayibheli, futhi ngayiphi injongo?

⁸ Ngokuvumelana negama layo, iWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society iye yahileleka ekusakazeni amaBhayibheli, kanye nasekunyatheliseni izincwadi, amapheshana, nezinye izincwadi zobuKristu. Lokhu kuye kwaba ngenjongo yokufundisa ngezimfundiso eziqondile zeZwi likaNkulunkulu. Imfundo yeBhayibheli eyinikezayo iye yasiza abathandi bokulunga ukuba bagqashule esikweni lenkolo yamanga nakuyifilosofi yezwe futhi babuyele enkululekweni yeqiniso leBhayibheli njengoba lembulwe ngoJesu nabanye abakhulumeli bakaJehova abazinikele. (Joh. 8:​31, 32) Kusukela ngesikhathi lapho umagazini iWatchtower uqala ukunyatheliswa ngo-1879, izincwadi zeWatch Tower Society ziye zacaphuna, zaphawula futhi zabhekisela ezinguqulweni eziningi ezihlukahlukene zeBhayibheli. Kanjalo, iNhlangano iye yakuqaphela ukubaluleka kwazo zonke futhi iye yabusebenzisa ubuhle obukuzo zonke njengobubalulekile ekususeni ukukhungatheka okungokwenkolo nasekumemezeleni isigijimi sikaNkulunkulu.

9. INhlangano yangena kanjani enkundleni yokunyathelisa iBhayibheli?

⁹ IBhayibheli likaRotherham nelikaHolman. Ngo-1896 oFakazi BakaJehova, ngeWatch Tower Society, bangena ngokuqondile enkundleni njengabanyathelisi nabasakazi beBhayibheli. Ngalowonyaka amalungelo okunyathelisa atholakala kumhumushi weBhayibheli waseBrithani uJoseph B. Rotherham okuba banyathelise eUnited States uhlelo lweshumi nambili olubukeziwe lweNew Testament yakhe. Ekhasini elinesihloko lalamakhophi anyathelisiwe, kwavela igama leWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, njengoba indlunkulu yeNhlangano yayilapho ngalesosikhathi. Ngo-1901 kwenziwa amalungiselelo okunyathelisa ngokukhethekile iHolman Linear Bible, enemibhalo yaseceleni echazayo ethathwe ezincwadini zeNhlangano zika-1895 kuya ku-1901. Umbhalo weBhayibheli ngokwawo wawuqukethe iKing James Version neRevised Version yemiBhalo yesiHeberu neyesiGreki. Lonke uhlelo lwamakhophi angu-⁠5 000 lwase lusakaziwe ngonyaka ka-1903.

10. Iyiphi inguqulo yemiBhalo yesiGreki iNhlangano eyaba abanyathelisi bayo ngo-1902?

¹⁰ IEmphatic Diaglott. Ngo-1902 iWatch Tower Society yaba umnini-lungelo ongokomthetho, yaba ukuphela kwabanyathelisi, nabasakazi be-Emphatic Diaglott. Lenguqulo yemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki yalungiselelwa umhumushi weBhayibheli oyiNgisi ngokuzalwa uBenjamin Wilson, waseGeneva, eIllinois. Yaqedwa ngo-1864. Yasebenzisa umbhalo wesiGreki kaJ. J. Griesbach, onenguqulo yesiNgisi yezwi nezwi phakathi kwemigqa kanye nenguqulo yakhe siqu uWilson ngakwesokudla esebenzisa izimpawu zakhe ezikhethekile zokugcizelela.

11. INhlangano yayinyathelisa nini i“Bible Students Edition,” futhi lena yayiquketheni?

¹¹ Uhlelo LwabaFundi BeBhayibheli. Ngo-1907 iWatch Tower Society yanyathelisa uhlelo lweBhayibheli olubizwa ngokuthi i“Bible Students Edition.” Lomqulu wawuqukethe iBhayibheli leKing James Version enyatheliswe ngokucacile futhi wahlanganisa imibhalo emihle kakhulu yaseceleni, kanye nesithasiselo esiwusizo esiklanywe oFakazi BakaJehova. Lesithasiselo, kamuva esandiswa saba namakhasi angaphezu kuka-550, sasibizwa ngokuthi i“Berean Bible Teachers Manual” futhi sanyatheliswa njengencwadi ehlukile. Sasinokukhulumela okufushane ngamavesi amaningi eBhayibheli, nezikhombo ezibhekisela kuyiWatchtower nasezincwadini zeNhlangano, kanye nesibonelo sezihloko zemfundiso nemibhalo eyisihluthulelo ukuze kwenziwe lula ukuzethula kwabanye. Lesithasiselo sasinesimo esifanayo nesencwadi yakamuva yeNhlangano ethi “Hlolani Konke.” Okunye okwakuhlanganisiwe kwakuyisikhombo sezihloko, izincazelo zezindinyana ezinzima, uhlu lwezindima eziyimifakela, isikhombo semiBhalo, ukubalwa kwezikhathi okuqhathanisayo, namabalazwe angu-12. LeliBhayibheli elihle kangaka lakhonza oFakazi BakaJehova amashumi eminyaka emsebenzini wabo wokushumayela obala.

INHLANGANO ENYATHELISA IBHAYIBHELI

12. INhlangano yangena nini enkundleni yokunyathelisa iBhayibheli?

¹² Iminyaka engu-30 iWatch Tower Society yasebenzisa amafemu angaphandle ekunyathelisweni okungokoqobo kwamaBhayibheli ayo. Nokho, ngoDecember 1926, iEmphatic Diaglott yaba inguqulo yeBhayibheli yokuqala ukuba inyatheliswe emishinini yeNhlangano ngokwayo eBrooklyn, eNew York. Ukunyatheliswa kwalenguqulo yemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki kwavusa ithemba lokuthi ngolunye usuku iBhayibheli eliphelele laliyonyatheliswa emishinini yokunyathelisa yeNhlangano.

13. (a) Yiliphi iBhayibheli lokuqala eliphelele elanyatheliswa yiNhlangano, futhi lakhululwa nini? (b) Iziphi izinto eziwusizo elaliziqukethe?

¹³ IKing James Version. IMpi Yezwe II yagcizelela isidingo sokunyatheliswa okuzimele kweBhayibheli ngokwalo. Lapho umbango wembulunga yonke wawudlondlobele, iNhlangano yaphumelela ukuthenga izingcwecwe zalo lonke iBhayibheli leKing James Version. KwakungoSeptember 18, 1942, eMhlanganweni Ongokwasezulwini Wezwe Elisha WoFakazi BakaJehova, indawo yawo eyinhloko iseCleveland, eOhio, lapho umongameli weNhlangano akhuluma khona ngesihloko esithi “Ukwethula ‘Inkemba Yomoya.’” Njengomvuthwandaba walenkulumo, wakhulula leliBhayibheli lokuqala eliphelele elinyatheliswe efektri yeWatch Tower Society eBrooklyn. Esithasiselweni salo lalinohlu lwamabizoqhó nezincazelo zawo, i“Concordance of Bible Words and Expressions” elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile, nezinye izinto eziwusizo. Kwakunesihloko esifanelekayo phezulu ekhasini ngalinye. Ngokwesibonelo, esasithi “Isifungo sikaJefta sobuqotho” sathatha indawo yesidala esasithi “Isifungo sikaJefta sokuphahluka” kubaHluleli 11, futhi esithi “Ukuba khona kwangaphambi kobuntu nokuzalwa njengomuntu kukaLizwi kaNkulunkulu” savela kuJohane isahluko 1.

14. Iyiphi inguqulo yeBhayibheli ethuthukisiwe eyanyatheliswa yiNhlangano ngo-1944, futhi yiziphi izici leliBhayibheli elinazo?

¹⁴ IAmerican Standard Version. Enye inguqulo yeBhayibheli ebalulekile yiAmerican Standard Version ka-1901. Inesici esincomeka kakhulu sokuhumusha igama likaNkulunkulu ngokuthi “Jehova” cishe izikhathi ezingu-⁠7 000 emiBhalweni yesiHeberu. Ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde, ngo-1944, iWatch Tower Society yakwazi ukuthenga ilungelo lokusebenzisa izingcwecwe zalo lonke iBhayibheli leAmerican Standard Version ukuze ilinyathelise emishinini yayo siqu. NgoAugust 10, 1944, eBuffalo, eNew York, idolobha eliyinhloko lemihlangano yoFakazi BakaJehova engu-17 eyayiqhutshwa kanyekanye ixhunywe ngezintambo zocingo ezizimele, umongameli weNhlangano wajabulisa izilaleli zakhe eziningi ngokukhulula uhlelo lweWatch Tower lweAmerican Standard Version. Isithasiselo sihlanganisa i“Concordance of Bible Words, Names, and Expressions” ewusizo kakhulu, neyandisiwe. Uhlelo olungangena ephaketheni lwalo leliBhayibheli lwanyatheliswa ngo-1958.

15. Iyiphi inguqulo eyakhiqizwa yiNhlangano ngo-1972?

¹⁵ IBible in Living English. Ngo-1972 iWatch Tower Society yakhipha iBible in Living English, kaSteven T. Byington ongasekho. Ilihumusha ngokungaguquguquki igama laphezulu ngokuthi “Jehova.”

16. Ngaleyondlela yimuphi umsebenzi okabili oFakazi BakaJehova abahileleka kuwo?

¹⁶ Ngaleyondlela, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi oFakazi BakaJehova bashumayela izindaba ezinhle zoMbuso kaNkulunkulu omisiwe emazweni angaphezu kwangu-200 neziqhingi kuwo wonke umhlaba kodwa futhi baye baba abanyathelisi nabasakazi, ngezinga elikhulu, beNcwadi eyigugu equkethe isigijimi soMbuso, imiBhalo Engcwele ephefumlelwe uJehova uNkulunkulu.

INEW WORLD TRANSLATION OF THE HOLY SCRIPTURES

17. (a) Ziye zaba usizo kanjani izinguqulo eziningi zeBhayibheli, nokho yimaphi amaphutha ezinawo? (b) Kusukela ngo-1946, yini umongameli weWatch Tower Society ayeyifuna?

¹⁷ OFakazi BakaJehova bayavuma ukuthi kumelwe babonge zonke izinguqulo eziningi zeBhayibheli abaye bazisebenzisa ekutadisheni iqiniso leZwi likaNkulunkulu. Nokho, zonke lezinguqulo, kuze kufike nakweyamuva impela, zinamaphutha azo. Kunokuguquguquka noma ukuhumusha okunganelisi, okoniwe amasiko amahlelo noma amafilosofi ezwe futhi ngalokho azivumelani ngokugcwele namaqiniso angcwele uJehova aye wawaloba eZwini lakhe. Ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-1946, umongameli weWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society wayelokhu efisa ukuba kube nenguqulo ethembekile yemiBhalo ethathelwa ezilimini zokuqala​—⁠inguqulo eqondakala kubafundi banamuhla ngendlela imibhalo yokuqala eyayiqondakala ngayo kubantu abahlakaniphile, abavamile bangenkathi yokulotshwa kweBhayibheli ngokwayo.

18. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba iNhlangano ibe abasakazi nabanyathelisi beNew World Translation?

¹⁸ NgoSeptember 3, 1949, endlunkulu yeNhlangano eseBrooklyn, umongameli wamemezela kuyiBhodi Yabaqondisi ukuthi kuneKomiti Yezwe Elisha Yokuhumusha IBhayibheli nokuthi yayisiyiqedile inguqulo yanamuhla yemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki. Incwadi yekomiti yafundwa, ikomiti eyayinika ngayo iNhlangano ilungelo lobunikazi, ukulawula, nokunyathelisa umbhalo wesandla wokuqala ohunyushiwe walenguqulo, ngokuqaphela umsebenzi weNhlangano ongenamahlelo wokuthuthukisa imfundo yeBhayibheli emhlabeni wonke. Izingxenye zalombhalo wesandla nazo zafundwa, njengezibonelo zesimo nezinga lenguqulo. Abaqondisi basamukela ngazwi-linye isipho salenguqulo, futhi kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuba inyatheliswe ngokushesha. Ukunyathelisa kwaqala ngoSeptember 29, 1949, futhi ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo (enhla nenkabazwe) lango-1950, kwaqedwa amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhophi ayizincwadi ezinesembozo esiqinile.

19. (a) INew World Translation yakhishwa kanjani ngezingxenye zayo? (b) Yimuphi umzamo owawenziwe ekulungiseleleni lemiqulu?

¹⁹ Ukukhulula INew World Translation Ngezingxenye Zayo. KwakungoLwesithathu, ngoAugust 2, 1950, ngosuku lwesine lomhlangano wazo wezizwe zonke eYankee Stadium, eNew York, lapho izilaleli ezimangele ngokuphelele zoFakazi BakaJehova abangu-82 075 zamukela ngenjabulo ukukhululwa kweNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures. Ikhuthazwe ukwamukelwa kokuqala ngentshiseko, kanye namazwi akamuva okwazisa ngezinzuzo zalenguqulo, iKomiti ngokulandelayo yaqalisa umsebenzi omkhulu wokuhumusha imiBhalo yesiHeberu. Lena yakhishwa ngeminye imiqulu eyisihlanu, eyakhululwa ngokulandelana kusukela ngo-1953 kuya ku-1960. Isethi yemiqulu eyisithupha yakha umtapo walo lonke iBhayibheli ngesiNgisi sanamuhla. Futhi umqulu ngamunye wawuqukethe izinto eziwusizo ezibalulekile ekutadisheni iBhayibheli. Ngaleyondlela inqolobane enkulu yokwaziswa okungokomBhalo yenziwa yatholakala kumfundi weBhayibheli wosuku lwanamuhla. Kwakwenziwe umzamo wenkuthalo ukuba kusetshenziswe yonke imithombo enokwethenjelwa yokwaziswa okungokombhalo ukuze iNew World Translation isiveze ngokucacile nangokunembile isigijimi esinamandla semiBhalo yokuqala ephefumlelwe.

20. Yiziphi izinto eziwusizo olubalulekile uhlelo lokuqala lweNew World Translation olwaluziqukethe (a) emibhalweni yalo yaphansi, (b) emibhalweni yalo yaseceleni, (c) ezandulelweni nasezithasiselweni zalo?

²⁰ Phakathi kwezinsiza-kufundisa zeBhayibheli ohlelweni lokuqala olunezingxenye eziyisithupha lweNew World Translation kwakuneqoqo eliyigugu lemibhalo yaphansi yombhalo, elinikeza isizinda sezinguqulo. Kulokhu kukhulumela kwenziwe kwatholakala amaphuzu anamandla alwela imiBhalo. Kwahlanganiswa nesimiso esiwusizo sezikhombo ezihlobene. Loluchungechunge lwamagama angokwemfundiso abalulekile lwaluklanyelwe ukuqondisa umfundi ochungechungeni lwemibhalo eyinhloko kulezihloko. Kwakunezikhombo eziningi zezindima ezihlobene emigqeni eseceleni yamakhasi. Lezi zaziqondisa umfundi (a) emagameni afanayo, (b) emicabangweni, emiqondweni, nasezenzakalweni ezifanayo, (c) ekwazisweni ngokuphila komuntu, (d) ekwazisweni ngendawo ethile, (e) ekugcwalisekeni kweziprofetho, (f) nasezingcaphunweni eziqondile ezikuleyo ngxenye yeBhayibheli noma ezivela kwezinye. Kulemiqulu kwakukhona nezandulela ezibalulekile, imifanekiso yeminye imibhalo yesandla yasendulo, izithasiselo nezikhombo eziwusizo, namabalazwe amazwe nezindawo zeBhayibheli. Loluhlelo lokuqala lweNew World Translation lwaba njengomgodi wegolide ekwenzeni isifundo seBhayibheli somuntu siqu nasekufundisweni okunenzuzo kwabantu abanhliziyo-ziqotho oFakazi BakaJehova. Uhlelo olukhethekile lomfundi, olwakhishwa luwumqulu owodwa lapho kunyatheliswa amakhophi angu-150 000 alo, lwakhululwa kamuva ngoJune 30, 1963, ekuqaleni koMhlangano “Wezindaba Ezinhle Zaphakade” WoFakazi BakaJehova eMilwaukee, eWisconsin, eU.S.A.

21. (a) Zaziyini izimo lapho kukhululwa iNew World Translation ebukezwe kabusha? (b) Zaziyini ezinye zezici zayo?

²¹ Uhlelo Olubukeziwe Oluwumqulu Owodwa. Ehlobo (enhla nenkabazwe) lika-1961, ochungechungeni lwemihlangano yoFakazi BakaJehova eyenzelwa eUnited States naseYurophu, uhlelo olubukeziwe lwayo yonke iNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ewumqulu owodwa ophathekayo lwakhululwa ukuba lusakazwe. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane ayekhona kulemihlangano alwamukela ngenjabulo. Njengoba lwalunesembozo sendwangu eluhlaza okotshani, lwaluqukethe amakhasi angu-⁠1 472 futhi lunohlu oluhle kakhulu lwezikhombo zamagama, isithasiselo ngezihloko zeBhayibheli, namabalazwe.

22, 23. Yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo eziye zakhululwa, futhi ziyini ezinye zezici zazo?

²² Izinhlelo Ezengeziwe. Ngo-1969 iKingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures yakhululwa, kanti uhlelo lwesibili lwakhishwa ngo-1985. Lomqulu unikeza inguqulo yezwi nezwi yesiNgisi yombhalo wesiGreki owahlelwa uWestcott noHort kanye nenguqulo yesiNgisi sanamuhla yohlelo luka-1984 lweNew World Translation. Ngaleyondlela ikhanyisela umfundi weBhayibheli ozimisele lokho isiGreki sokuqala esikushoyo ngokuyisisekelo noma ngokwezwi nezwi.

²³ INew World Translation yesibili ebukeziwe yakhululwa ngo-1970, futhi eyesithathu ebukeziwe enemibhalo yaphansi yalandela ngo-1971. EMihlanganweni YesiGodi YoFakazi BakaJehova “Yokwanda KoMbuso,” eyaqhutshwa ngo-1984, uhlelo olubukeziwe olunezikhombo lwakhishwa ngesiNgisi. Luhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele nokubukezwa kwezikhombo zaseceleni (zezindima ezihlobene) ezazinikezwe okokuqala ngesiNgisi kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1960. Njengoba luklanyelwe umfundi weBhayibheli ozimisele, luqukethe izikhombo zaseceleni ezingaphezu kwezingu-125 000, imibhalo yaphansi engaphezu kuka-11 000, uhlu olude lwezikhombo zamagama, amabalazwe, nezithasiselo ezingu-43. Khona futhi ngo-1984, uhlelo oluvamile olubukeziwe luka-1984, olunezikhombo eziseceleni kodwa olungenayo imibhalo yaphansi, lwenziwa lwatholakala.

24. (a) Ziyini ezinye zezinzuzo zakho kokubili uhlelo oluvamile kanye nolunezikhombo? (b) Bonisa ukusetshenziswa kwezihloko eziphezulu emakhasini.

²⁴ Ezinye Izinzuzo. Ukuze kusizwe umfundi ukuba asheshe athole noma yikuphi ukwaziswa akufunayo, kokubili uhlelo oluvamile kanye nolunezikhombo kuqukethe isihloko esiklanywe ngokucophelela esivela phezulu ekhasini ngalinye. Lezihloko eziphezulu emakhasini zichaza ukwaziswa okungezansi, futhi ziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusiza ummemezeli woMbuso ukuba athole ngokushesha izindinyana lapho ephendula imibuzo angase abuzwe yona. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi uzama ukuthola iseluleko ngokuqeqesha abantwana. Lapho efika ekhasini 860 (ohlelweni oluvamile) kuzAga, ubona umushwana wokugcina oyinhloko, “A good name.” Njengoba lona kuwumushwana wokugcina esihlokweni, kubonisa ukuthi indaba izovela ngasekupheleni kwekhasi, futhi kulapho lapho eyithola khona, kuzAga 22:⁠1. Umbhalo ochazwa yingxenye yokuqala yesihloko esiphezulu ekhasini 861 othi, “Train up a boy,” uwuthola ngasekuqaleni kwekhasi, evesini 6. Ingxenye elandelayo yesihloko ifundeka kanje, “Not spare the rod.” Lokhu kwaziswa kungasezansi kohlu lokuqala, evesini 15. Lezihloko eziphezulu emakhasini zingaba usizo olukhulu kummemezeli woMbuso owaziyo ukuthi zikuphi nendawo izindinyana azifunayo. Zingakuvulela iBhayibheli ngokushesha.

25. Iyiphi inkonzo yohlu lwezikhombo zamagama elungiselelwe, futhi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngokunenzuzo?

²⁵ Ngemuva kukho kokubili uhlelo oluvamile kanye nolunezikhombo lwaleliBhayibheli, kunesihloko esibizwa ngokuthi “Bible Words Indexed.” Lapha kutholakala izinkulungwane zamagama abalulekile aseBhayibhelini kanye nemisho ebonisa umongo. Ngaleyondlela inkonzo yohlu lwezikhombo zamagama yenziwa itholakale, kuhlanganise nenqwaba yamagama amasha, achazayo asetshenziswe embhalweni. Kulabo abajwayele izinguqulo zeKing James Version, kunikezwe usizo ekwenzeni ushintsho ezindaweni eziningi kusukela emagameni amadala esiNgisi seBhayibheli kuya emagameni anamuhla eBhayibheli. Cabangela ngokwesibonelo igama elithi “grace” (umusa) kuyiKing James Version. Leli likhona ohlwini lwezikhombo, libhekisela umfundi kwelithi “undeserved kindness” (umusa ongasifanele), inkulumo efanelekile esetshenziswe enguqulweni entsha. Isikhombo samagama senza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola izindima zemiBhalo eziphathelene nezindaba ezingokwemfundiso eziyinhloko, njengethi “umphefumulo” noma “isihlengo,” ezisizayo esifundweni esiningiliziwe ngokusuka emibhalweni yeBhayibheli ngokuqondile. Ummemezeli woMbuso ocelwa ukuba ashumayele nganoma yisiphi salezihloko ezivelele angasebenzisa ngokushesha izingxenye ezimfushane zomongo ezinikezwe kuloluhlu lwezikhombo zamagama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufakwe izingcaphuno eziyinhloko zamabizoqhó avelele, ahlanganisa izindawo kanye nabalingiswa beBhayibheli abavelele. Ngaleyondlela bonke abafundi beBhayibheli abasebenzisa lenguqulo banikezwa usizo oluyigugu.

26. Bonisa enye yezindlela isithasiselo seNew World Translation esiwusizo ngazo.

²⁶ Isithasiselo esigcwele ulwazi sinikeza okunye ukwaziswa okunembile okunenzuzo ekufundiseni. Amagama asesithasiselweni ahlelwe ngendlela yokuthi angasetshenziswa njengosizo ekuchazeni izimfundiso zeBhayibheli eziyisisekelo nezindaba eziphathelene nazo. Ngokwesibonelo, ekusingatheni isihloko esithi “umphefumulo,” isithasiselo, ngaphansi kwezihloko eziyisishiyagalombili ezihlukahlukene, sinohlu lwezindima zemiBhalo ezibonisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene igama elithi “umphefumulo” (ngesiHeberu, neʹphesh) elisetshenziswe ngazo. Imidwebo namabalazwe nakho kunikeziwe ezihlokweni ezisesithasiselweni. IReference Bible iqukethe isithasiselo esihlanganisa okuningi ngokwengeziwe kanye nemibhalo yaphansi ewusizo enikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile kombhalo ngendlela elula. Kanjalo, iNew World Translation ingevelele ngezinkonzo eziningi ezinikezayo ngokubeka ulwazi oluqondile lapho lungatholwa khona ngokushesha abafundi bayo.

27, 28. Chaza futhi ubonise indlela iNew World Translation ebonisa ngayo indlela yokuphunyiselwa kwamabizoqhó.

²⁷ Usizo Ekuphumiseleni Amagama EBhayibheli. Embhalweni wesiNgisi ngokwawo, zonke izinhlelo zeNew World Translation zinikeza usizo ekuphumiseleni amabizoqhó. Lesimiso siyafana naleso esaklanywa isazi seRevised Standard Version ka-1952. Amabizoqhó acazwa ngamalunga ahlukaniswa yichashazi noma uphawu lokugcizelela (ʹ). Uphawu lokugcizelela lulandela ilunga okumelwe ligcizelelwe ngokwengeziwe ekuphumiseleni igama. Uma ilunga elinaloluphawu ligcina ngonkamisa, khona-ke unkamisa uphunyiselwa ngokwelulwa. Uma ilunga ligcina ngongwaqa, khona-ke unkamisa okulelolunga uphunyiselwa ngokungeluli.

²⁸ Ngokwesibonelo, phawula uJobe 4:⁠1. (NW) Lapha uthi “Elʹi·phaz the Teʹman·ite.” Nakuba kuzo zombili lezindawo uphawu lokugcizelela luselungeni lokuqala, unkamisa “e” kumelwe aphunyiselwe ngokuhlukile kulezindawo ezimbili. Kwelithi “Elʹi·phaz” uphawu lokugcizelela olungena ngemva kukangwaqa u“l” lwenza unkamisa u“e” angeluleki, njengasegameni lesiNgisi elithi “end.” Kanti, kwelithi “Teʹman·ite” uphawu lokugcizelela olungena ngokushesha ngemva kukankamisa u“e” lwenza weluleke, njengakunkamisa wokuqala u“e” egameni lesiNgisi elithi “Eden.” Uma kuhlanganiswa onkamisa ababili u-“a” no-“i”, njengasegameni lesiNgisi elithi “Morʹde·cai” kuEsteri 2:⁠5 nelithi “Siʹnai” kuEksodusi 19:⁠1, u-“ai” umane aphunyiselwe njengonkamisa u“i” wesiNgisi ophunyiselwa ngokwelulwa.

29. Ingabe iNew World Translation imane iwukubukezwa kwezinguqulo zangaphambili, futhi yiziphi izici ezisekela impendulo yakho?

²⁹ Inguqulo Entsha. INew World Translation iyinguqulo entsha ethathelwa ezilimini zeBhayibheli zokuqala zesiHeberu, isiAramu, nesiGreki. Ayikhona nakancane ukubukezwa kabusha kwanoma iyiphi inguqulo yesiNgisi, futhi ayilingisi noma iyiphi enye inguqulo ngendlela yokulotshwa, ngamagama olimi, noma ngesigqi. Engxenyeni yesiHeberu nesiAramu, kwasetshenziswa umbhalo ocwengisiswe kahle nowamukelwa endaweni yonke weBiblia Hebraica kaRudolf Kittel, uhlelo lwesi-⁠7, lwesi-⁠8, nolwesi-⁠9 (1951-55). Uhlelo olusha lombhalo wesiHeberu olwaziwa ngokuthi iBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, luka-1977, lwasetshenziswa ekuthuthukiseni ukwaziswa okunikezwe emibhalweni yaphansi yeNew World Translation​—⁠With References. Ingxenye yesiGreki yahunyushwa ikakhulukazi isuselwa embhalweni wesiGreki oyinhloko owalungiselelwa uWestcott noHort, owakhishwa ngo-1881. Nokho, iKomiti Yezwe Elisha Yokuhumusha IBhayibheli yacwaninga futhi neminye imibhalo yesiGreki, kuhlanganise nombhalo wesiGreki kaNestle (1948). Izincazelo zalemibhalo eyinhloko emihle kakhulu zinikezwe eSifundweni 5 no-⁠6 salencwadi. Ikomiti yokuhumusha iye yenza inguqulo yeBhayibheli enamandla nenembile, futhi umphumela walokhu uye waba umbhalo ocacile nophilayo, kwavula indlela yokuqonda iZwi likaNkulunkulu ngokujulile, nangokwanelisa ngokwengeziwe.

30. Uyini umphumela womunye umcusumbuli walenguqulo?

³⁰ Phawula umphumela womunye umcusumbuli walenguqulo: “Izinguqulo zokuqala zemiBhalo yesiHeberu iyiswa olimini lwesiNgisi zimbalwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kusinikeza injabulo enkulu ukwamukela ukukhishwa kwengxenye yokuqala yeNew World Translation [yemiBhalo yesiHeberu], uGenesise kuya kuRuthe. . . . Ngokusobala lenguqulo iye yenza umzamo okhethekile wokuba ibe efundekayo impela. Akukho muntu ongathi intula ubusha nokuzimela. Amagama ewasebenzisayo awasekelwe nakancane kwawezinguqulo zangaphambili.”b

31. Esinye isazi sesiHeberu sathini ngeNew World Translation?

³¹ Uprofesa oyisazi sesiHeberu uDkt. Benjamin Kedar waseIsrael, engxoxweni nommeleli weWatch Tower Society, washo lokhu ngokuhlola kwakhe iNew World Translation: “Ekucwaningeni kwami izilimi ngokuphathelene neBhayibheli lesiHeberu nezinguqulo zalo, ngokuvamile ngibhekisela ohlelweni lwesiNgisi lwalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi iNew World Translation. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ngithola umuzwa wami uqinisekiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi lencwadi ibonisa umzamo oqotho wokufinyelela ukuqondwa kombhalo okunembe ngangokunokwenzeka. Njengoba inikeza ubufakazi bokulwazi kahle ulimi lokuqala, ihumusha amagama okuqala iwayisa olimini lwesibili ngokuqondakalayo ngaphandle kokuchezuka ngokungadingekile ohlelweni olucacile lokwakheka kolimi lwesiHeberu. . . . Noma iyiphi inkulumo yolimi ivumela inkululeko ethile ekuchazeni noma ekuhumusheni. Ngakho isixazululo okufinyelelwe kuso olimini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi kungaphikiswana ngaso. Kodwa kuyiNew World Translation angikaze ngithole noma iyiphi inhloso embi yokufaka umqondo othile owawungekho embhalweni.”c

32. Kungaliphi izinga iNew World Translation ihumusha ngokwezwi nezwi, futhi kunayiphi inzuzo?

³² Inguqulo Yezwi Nezwi. Ukwethembeka ekuhumusheni kubonakala futhi ekuhumusheni kwayo ngokwezwi nezwi. Lokhu kudinga cishe ukufana kwezwi nezwi phakathi kwenguqulo yesiNgisi nemibhalo yesiHeberu neyesiGreki. Ekunikezweni kombhalo ngolimi ohunyushelwe kulo, izinga lokuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi kumelwe libe ngeliphakeme kangangalokho izisho zalololimi lokuqala ezikuvumelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi kudinga ukuba uhlelo lwamagama lweziningi zezinguqulo lufane nasesiHeberwini noma esiGrekini, ngaleyondlela kulondolozwe ukugcizelela kwemibhalo yokuqala. Ngokuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi, ubumnandi, umqondo, nesigqi semibhalo yokuqala kungadluliselwa ngokunembile.

33. Ukugudluka ngezinye izikhathi embhalweni wezwi nezwi kuye kwaphawulwa kanjani?

³³ Ngezikhathi ezithile kuye kwaba nokugudluka embhalweni wezwi nezwi, ngenjongo yokudlulisela izisho ezilukhuni zesiHeberu noma zesiGreki ngamagama aqondakalayo. Nokho, ohlelweni olunezikhombo lweNew World Translation, lezi ziye zalethwa ekunakekeleni komfundi ngemibhalo yaphansi enikeza inguqulo yezwi nezwi.

34. (a) Uba yini umphumela wokuyeka ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi? (b) Bonisa.

³⁴ Abahumushi abaningi beBhayibheli baye bakushiya ukuhumusha ngokwezwi nezwi ngenxa yalokho abakubheka njengokushelela kolimi nesimo. Baphikisa ngokuthi izinguqulo zezwi nezwi zilukhuni, ziqinile, futhi ziyabalinganisela. Nokho, ukushiya kwabo inguqulo yezwi nezwi kuye kwabangela, ngokungeniswa komusho obekwe ngamazwi abo nencazelo, ukugudluka okuningi emazwini okuqala anembile eqiniso. Empeleni, baye bayithela ngamanzi yona kanye imiqondo kaNkulunkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi osewathatha umhlalaphansi weyunivesithi enkulu yaseMelika wake wamangalela oFakazi BakaJehova ngokuthi bonakalisa ubuhle nokushelela kweBhayibheli. Uma ethi iBhayibheli wayebhekisele kuyiKing James Version, eyayisinesikhathi eside ihlonishwa njengesibonelo sesiNgisi esihle. Wathi: ‘Ake nibheke nje enikwenzile kumaHubo 23. Nisonakalisile isigqi nobuhle ngokuthi kwenu “Je/ho/vah is/ my/ she⁠p/​herd.” Amalunga ayisikhombisa esikhundleni sayisithupha. Kuyashaqisa. Ayilinganisiwe. Asikho isigqi. IKing James ikubeke kahle ngamalunga ayo ayisithupha alingene​—⁠“The/ Lord/ is/ my/ shep/herd.”’ Kwagcizelelwa kuprofesa ukuthi kwakubaluleke ngokwengeziwe ukuyibeka ngendlela uDavide, umlobi weBhayibheli, ayibeka ngayo. Ingabe uDavide wasebenzisa igama elivamile elithi “Nkosi,” noma ingabe wasebenzisa igama laphezulu? Uprofesa wavuma ukuthi uDavide wasebenzisa igama laphezulu, kodwa walokhu ephikisa ngokuthi ngenxa yobuhle nokushelela, igama elithi “Nkosi” belingagunyazwa. Yeka izaba ezibuthaka zokususa igama likaJehova elikhazimulayo kulelihubo lokumdumisa!

35. Kungani singambonga uNkulunkulu, futhi liyini ithemba lethu futhi yini esiyithandazelayo?

³⁵ Kuye kwanikelwa ngezinkulungwane zezinguqulo ngalendlela ealtare lomqondo womuntu wobuhle bolimi, kwaphumela ekunganembini kwezinguqulo eziningi zeBhayibheli. Makabongwe uNkulunkulu ngokuthi uye walungiselela iNew World Translation, nombhalo wayo weBhayibheli ocacile nonembile! Kwangathi igama lakhe elikhulu, elithi Jehova, lingangcweliswa ezinhliziyweni zabo bonke abayifundayo!

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ishadi ekhasini 322]

EZINYE IZINGUQULO ZEBHAYIBHELI EZIYINHLOKO NGEZILIMI EZINKULU EZIYISIKHOMBISA

NGESINGISI

Rheims-Douay* 1582-1610 Vulgate Nkosi (ADONAI, kabili) Vulgate

King James Version* 1611 M NKOSI (Jehova, kambalwa) Umbhalo Owamukelwe

Young 1862-98 M Jehova Umbhalo Owamukelwe

English Revised* 1881-95 M NKOSI (Jehova, kambalwa) Westcott noHort

Emphasised Bible 1878-1902 M (Ginsburg) Yahweh Westcott noHort, eTregelles

American Standard 1901 M Jehova Westcott noHort

Revised Standard* 1946-52 M NKOSI Westcott noHort, Nestle

New English Bible* 1961-70 M (BHK) NKOSI (Jehova, kambalwa) Umbhalo omusha othathelwe kweminye

Today’s English Version 1966-76 M (BHK) NKOSI UBS

New Jerusalem Bible* 1985 M Yahweh NgesiGreki

NGESIPANISHI

Valera 1602 M Jehová Umbhalo Owamukelwe

Moderna 1893 M Jehová Scrivener

Nácar-Colunga* 1944 M Yavé NgesiGreki

Evaristo Martín Nieto* 1964 M Yavé NgesiGreki

Serafín de Ausejo* 1965 M (BHK) Yahvéh, Señor Nestle-Aland

Biblia de Jerusalén* 1967 M Yahveh NgesiGreki

Cantera-Iglesias* 1975 M (BHK) Yahveh NgesiGreki

Nueva Biblia Española* 1975 M Señor NgesiGreki

NGESIPUTUKEZI

Almeida 1681, 1750 M Jehova Umbhalo Owamukelwe

Figueiredo* 1778-90 Vulgate Senhor Vulgate

Matos Soares* 1927-30 Vulgate Senhor Vulgate

Jerusalém* 1976, 1981 M Iahweh NgesiGreki

NGESIJALIMANE

Luther* 1522, 1534 M HErr Erasmus

Zürcher 1531 M Herr, Jahwe NgesiGreki

Elberfelder 1855, 1871 M Jehova Umbhalo Owamukelwe

Menge 1926 M HErr NgesiGreki

Luther (ebukezwe kabusha)* 1964, 1984 M HERR NgesiGreki

Einheitsübersetzung* 1972, 1974 M Herr, Jahwe NgesiGreki

Revidierte Elberfelder 1975, 1985 M HERR, Jahwe NgesiGreki

NGESIFULENTSHI

Darby 1859, 1885 M Eternel NgesiGreki

Crampon* 1894-1904 M Jéhovah Merk

TOB Ecumenical Bible* 1971-75 M (BHS) Seigneur Nestle, UBS

Osty* 1973 M Yahvé NgesiGreki

Français courant 1982 M (BHS) Seigneur Nestle, UBS

NGESIDASHI (ENETHERLANDS)

Statenvertaling 1637 M HEERE Umbhalo Owamukelwe

Leidse Vertaling 1899-1912 M Jahwe Nestle

Petrus-Canisiusvertaling* 1929-39 M Jahweh Nestle

NBG-vertaling 1939-51 M HERE Nestle

Willibrordvertaling* 1961-75 M Jahwe Nestle

Groot Nieuws Bijbel* 1972-83 M Heer Nestle

NGESINTALIYANE

Diodati 1607, 1641 M Signore NgesiGreki

Riveduta (Luzzi) 1921-30 M Eterno NgesiGreki

Nardoni* 1960 M Signore, Jahweh NgesiGreki

Pontificio Istituto Biblico*1923-58 M Signore, Jahve Merk

Garofalo* 1960 M Jahve, Signore NgesiGreki

Concordata* 1968 M (BHK) Signore, Iavè Nestle, Merk

CEI* 1971 M Signore NgesiGreki

Parola del Signore* 1976-85 M (BHS) Signore UBS

* Inkanyezi ibonisa ukuthi iziNcwadi Ezingengcwele zafakwa kodwa kungenzeka zingaveli kuzo zonke izinhlelo.

U“M” ubhekisela embhalweni weMasora. Uma emi yedwa, alukho uhlelo olukhethekile lombhalo weMasora oluqondiwe.

U“BHK” ubhekisela kuyiBiblia Hebraica kaKittel.

U“UBS” ubhekisela kuyiGreek New Testament, yeziNhlangano ZeBhayibheli Ezihlangene.

U“BHS” ubhekisela kuyiBiblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia.

Ukuthi “NgesiGreki” kubonisa inguqulo ethathelwe esiGrekini, kodwa awukho umbhalo oqondile oboniswayo.