UAdamu noEva—Inganekwane Noma Iqiniso

“AKUKHONA yini okuphikisana ngokuphelele neBhayibheli ukuthi uAdamu noEva bavela esilwaneni?” Lombuzo, owaphakanyiswa iLa Croix yamaKatolika ephuma nsuku zonke, wadalula inkanankana yenkinga amaKristu amaningi abhekene nayo. Baxakwa ukuthi ubuKristu kanti buyini lapho sekukhulunywa ngendaba yendalo.

Ukuze sithole ukuqondisisa kahle ngalenkinga, kuzodingeka sihlole lokho iBhayibheli elikushoyo ngendaba yesono nokufa. Okokuqala, kumelwe sibuyele emuva kulokho okwenzeka ensimini yase-Edene.

Isono Nesihlengo

UGenesise isahluko sesibili ulandisa ngokuthi uNkulunkulu wanikeza umuntu wokuqala umyalo. Kwakungamelwe adle emthini othile obizwa ngokuthi “umuthi wokwazi okuhle nokubi.” (Genesise 2:17) Njengoba iThe Jerusalem Bible ichaza embhalweni wayo waphansi, lapho ephula umyalo kaNkulunkulu, umuntu wazithathela amalungelo angewona awakhe, “amandla okuzinqumela okuhle nokubi nawokwenza ngokuvumelana nalokho, ukufuna ngenkani ukuzimela geqe okwenza umuntu enqabe ukuqaphela isikhundla sakhe njengesidalwa.”

Ngokungalaleli umthetho kaNkulunkulu, uAdamu wona futhi waletha esintwini ukungapheleli, okwaphumela ekufeni njengoba uNkulunkulu ayeshilo. Ulahlekelwe ukuphelela kwawo, umbhangqwana wokuqala wabantu wawungadlulisela kuphela ukungapheleli enzalweni yawo. Zonke izizukulwane ezaziyolandela zika-Adamu noEva—ngamanye amazwi, sonke isintu—sasiyokufa.—Genesise 3:6; IHubo 51:5; Roma 5:14, 18, 19.

Isintu singalizuza kanjani futhi ithemba lokuphila phakade elalahlwa uAdamu? Isimiso ‘sokuphila ngokuphila’ esiboniswe eMthethweni kaNkulunkulu awunikeza uMose sakucacisa lokho okwakudingekile: ukuphila okuphelele kwakumelwe kunikelwe ngokuphila okuphelele okwalahlwa uAdamu. (Duteronomi 19:21, The New English Bible) UJesu, itshe lesisekelo sobuKristu, wayekufanelekela ngokugcwele lokhu. Engenasono futhi ephelele, yena eyedwa wakwazi ukunikela ngokuphila okuphelele kobuntu ‘njengenhlawulo yabo bonke.’ (1 Thimothewu 2:5, 6) UJesu wabonisa ukuthi lokhu kwakungenye yezinjongo eziyinhloko zokuza kwakhe emhlabeni, lapho ethi: “Njengalokho iNdodana yomuntu ingezelanga ukukhonzwa kepha ukukhonza nokunikela ukuphila kwayo, kube-yisihlengo sabaningi.”—Mathewu 20:28.

Lendingeko efanayo—yokuthi, isihlengo kumelwe sinikezwe othile ongaphezu komuntu ongaphelele—nayo icaciswe kahle kumaHubo 49:7, lapho sifunda khona ngokuphathelene nomuntu: “Akekho phakathi kwabo ongahlenga noma ngayiphi indlela umfowabo, noma anike uNkulunkulu inhlawulo ngaye.” (King James Version) Kwenziwa yini ukuba kungabibikho ‘ongahlenga umfowabo’? Kuphela ngenxa yokuthi akukho ukuphila okungaphelele okungenana ukuphila okuphelele okwalahlwa uAdamu.

Izibonelo Ezimbili Zobufakazi Obunamandla

Ngokuhlola lokho umphostoli uPawulu nalokho uKristu akusho ngokwakhe ngalendaba, singazinqumela ngokwethu ukuthi indaba ka-Adamu noEva ingokomfanekiso nokuthi babekhona yini noma cha.

Umphostoli uPawulu uqhathanisa ingxenye eyafezwa uAdamu naleyo eyafezwa uJesu, echaza ethi: “Isono sangena ezweni ngamuntu munye [uAdamu], nangesono kwangena ukufa . . . Ngokuba uma ngokona kwalowo muntu oyedwa ukufa kwabusa, ngesoni esisodwa, ikakhulu abemukela umusa omkhulu kaNkulunkulu, nesipho sakhe sokulunga, bayakubusa baphile ngomuntu oyedwa, uJesu Kristu.” (Roma 5:12, 17, NE) Waveza leliphuzu elifanayo kwenye yezincwadi zakhe, lapho ebiza uJesu ngokuthi “uAdamu wokugcina,” kanjalo ebonisa ukuthi uJesu kuphela owayengabuyisela lokho uAdamu ayekulahlile. Khona-ke, ngemva kokuvuselwa kwakhe ekuphileni okungokomoya emazulwini, uJesu wayengaba “umoya ophilisayo” kubo bonke labo abasindiswayo. (1 Korinte 15:45) Ngakho, uma uAdamu kwakumane nje kuwumfanekiso womuntu, noma “inhlanganisela yomuntu,” njengoba kuboniswe embhalweni waphansi we-Traduction Œcuménique de la Bible (Ecumenical Translation of the Bible) yesiFulentshi, wayezobe eyisusela kuphi umphostoli uPawulu impikiswano yakhe?

Nokho, ubufakazi obubaluleke kakhulu ngokuba yiqiniso kwendaba kaGenesise ekhuluma ngoAdamu noEva banikezwa uJesu Kristu, owabhekisela kubo lapho ebuzwa abaholi benkolo bosuku lwakhe. Wathi: “‘Anifundanga yini [kuGenesise] ukuthi uMdali wabenza ekuqaleni owesilisa nowesifazane?’; futhi wanezela: ‘Ngenxa yalokho indoda iyakushiya uyise nonina, inamathele kumkayo; labo ababili bayakuba-nyamanye. . . . Lokho akuhlanganisileyo uNkulunkulu, umuntu makangakwahlukanisi.’” (Mathewu 19:4-6, NE) Singacabanga yini ngoJesu esekela imfundiso yakhe emayelana nobugcwele bomshado ngokuthile okwakucatshangelwa noma okuyinganekwane?

Ukuhlakanipha Kwezwe Noma Ukuhlakanipha KukaNkulunkulu?

UmPristi ongumRoma waseFulansi uTeilhard de Chardin waletha ushintsho olukhulu ezingqondweni zamaKatolika. Wabheka ukuziphendukela kwemvelo njengokukhuphuka kancane kancane okufinyelela ebukhoneni bomoya ongabonakali. Ngokwemfundiso yakhe, izimo zokuphila ziyajikeleza, zidlula emazingeni okuba yisilwane nokuba umuntu, ekugcineni zigcina sezihlangene kuyiomega (isiphetho) ethile—uKristu. Nakuba okokuqala yenqatshwa yisonto, lemfundiso yavunyelwa abaningi abefundisi bamaKatolika. Nokho, yayiphikisana ngokukhanyayo nobufakazi bemiBhalo futhi iletha isihlamba esikhulu kuNkulunkulu ngokwakhe, inqaba isidingo sokuhlengwa kwabantu ukuze bazuze futhi ukuphila okuphelele kobuntu.

Lemfundiso mbumbulu yesayensi iye yaba nemiphumela engathi sína esontweni. Njengoba kwachazwa encwadini iL’épopée des adamites (The Epic of the Adamites) eyabhalwa nguJean Rondot: “Yonke imikhuba yoqhekeko neyokugumbuqela eSontweni, kokubili phakathi kwabefundisi nabantu, kwavela ngokuqondile esangweni elavulwa uTeilhard. Khona-ke ngenxa yokuthi inkululeko ethile ekuhunyushweni kwemiBhalo yavunyelwa (ngisho noma yayisho ukushintshwa komongo wombhalo), kungani kungafunwa enkulu futhi kwakhiwe inkolo entsha evumelana nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye?”

Isithelo salomkhuba sibonakala kakhulu namuhla. Ngo-1980 ukhetho olwahlelwa inhlangano ebalulekile yamaFulentshi lwabonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-40 kuphela amaKatolika angamaFulentshi ayekholelwa kuAdamu noEva nasesonweni sokuqala. Ukungabaza futhi kuye kwakhungatha ezinye izindawo ezinkulu ngokulinganayo, njengoba manje amaphesenti angama-59 kuphela amaKatolika aseFulansi akholelwa emfundisweni eyisisekelo sobuKristu yokuvuswa kukaJesu Kristu.

Ngaphandle kokunamathela emfundisweni yemiBhalo, amasonto amaningi lawo aye athatha imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo abonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwakho konke afuna ukufukamela ulwazi lokuhlakanipha okudumile, nokwesimanje. UPawulu waxwayisa amaKristu akuqala ngokucabanga okunjalo. Wakhumbuza abaseKorinte ukuthi ubuKristu babungahlangene neze nemibono nolwazi lokuhlakanipha olwaluthandwa kakhulu osukwini lwakhe. Wabhala: “Siphi isazi na? Uphi umbhali na? Uphi umphikisi walesisikhathi na? UNkulunkulu kakwenzanga kube yize ukuhlakanipha kwalelizwe na? . . . Ngokuba abaJuda babiza izibonakaliso, namaGreki afuna ukuhlakanipha, kepha thina sishumayela uKristu obethelwe esiphambanweni, . . . ubuwula kubo abezizwe.”—1 Korinte 1:20-23.

Ngokufanayo namuhla, ukuphishekela “ukuhlakanipha kwalelizwe” okunjalo ngeke kumholele umuntu elwazini lukaNkulunkulu noma ekutholeni ukuvunyelwa Nguye. (Qhathanisa noJohane 17:3.) Insindiso eholela ekuphileni okuphakade iyatholakala kubo bonke abamukela ngokuphelele umhlatshelo kaKristu, inhlawulo ayikhokha ukuze athenge futhi ukuphila okuphelele okwalahlwa uAdamu. Kuphela kusesisekelweni salomhlatshelo lapho abantu bengasondela kuNkulunkulu futhi bathethelelwe izono zabo. Umphostoli uPetru wayenokuqiniseka okukhulu ngalokhu lapho ekhuluma phambi kwabaholi benkolo ababehlangene eJerusalema: “Ayikho insindiso ngomunye [ngaphandle kukaJesu], ngokuba alikho futhi elinye igama phansi kwezulu elinikiwe ebantwini, esimelwe ukusindiswa ngalo.”—IzEnzo 4:12.

Amakhulu ezinkulungwane abantu kakade aseye abeka ithemba lawo ‘kulomoya ophilisayo.’ Balindele ngokulangazelela ikusasa eliseduze lapho iPharadesi liyobuyiselwa emhlabeni futhi bayokwazi ukuzuza ithemba uAdamu alilahla, lelo lokuphila phakade emhlabeni. Uma ungakakwenzi lokho kakade, ungalufumana lolulwazi olubalulekile lweBhayibheli ngokutadisha noFakazi BakaJehova, mahhala, nangokuya emihlanganweni yabo yobuKristu. Kanjalo uzofunda ukuthi yini edingekile ukuze ube ngomunye wabafundi bakaJesu. Ngaye, “uAdamu wokugcina,” ungathola izibusiso ezimangalisayo ezivela kuNkulunkulu.—1 Korinte 15:45; IsAmbulo 21:3, 4.

[Isithombe ekhasini 6]

UJesu wayelingana nomuntu ophelele uAdamu