Ukuzalana Kokuphila—Ngokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Noma Kuvela KuNkulunkulu?
“SIYINKIMBINKIMBI ngokumangalisayo.” Iphephandaba iScience News yasichaza kanjalo isimiso sokuzala sowesifazane. Kodwa iqanda elivela esizalweni sowesifazane alinakukuveza ukuphila ngokwalo. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kumelwe ingqamuzana yesidoda ephuma esimisweni sokuzala sendoda ihlangane nengaphakathi leqanda. Kodwa isidoda senzenjani ukuze sikhulise iqanda? Lowombuzo usabadida ososayensi.
Inkolelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ibangela omunye umbuzo: Uma izitho zokuzala zowesilisa nowesifazane zavela ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuphila kwakuqhubeka kanjani ngaphambi kokubumbeka okuphelele kwazo zombili?
Ukuzalana kuhlanganisa ezinye izimangaliso. Isakhi sofuzo esiseqandeni elivuthiwe singabonakala kuphela ngosizo lwemicroscope. Nokho simela “imitapo emikhulu yokwaziswa,” njengoba uProfesa uFrair benoDavis besichaza encwadini yabo ethi A Case for Creation. Bayanezela, “asikho esinye isibonelo sokuthile okuncishiswe kakhulu kangaka esingaqhathaniswa nganoma iyiphi indlela naso.” Lowomtapo wezinto ezincane uqondisa ukukhula kwazo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, kuhlanganise imininingwane enjengombala wamehlo nezinwele.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuthwa, ingqamuzana ihlukana kabili, amabili abe mane, njalonjalo kuze kube yilapho sekunamangqamuzana amaningi. Ukwehlukana kwamangqamuzana kuhlanganisa ukuvela kwamanye nokuhlela izigidi zamamolecule. Kunjengemboni ehlukana ngokuzenzakalelayo ibe izimboni ezimbili ezihlukene ezinemishini efanayo eyenza umkhiqizo ofanayo, futhi nalokhu kwehlukana kulokhu kuphindaphindeka njalo. Khona-ke kwenzeka enye into emangalisayo.
Amangqamuzana abunjwe ngokuhlukile aqala ukwakheka—amangqamuzana emizwa, amangqamuzana emisipha, amangqamuzana esikhumba, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo ezakha umzimba womuntu. Ukwahlukahlukana kwamangqamuzana kuyimfihlo. Kunjalo futhi nokuhlangana kwamangqamuzana. “Akekho owazi ngokuqinisekile,” kusho iScience Digest, “ukuthi kungani amangqamuzana athile ehlangana ukuze enze inso lapho amanye ehlangana ukuze enze isibindi, nokunye.” Ekugcineni, umzimba womuntu ufinyelela ukukhula okugcwele, usuwakhiwe ngamangqamuzana ayizi-100 000 000 000 000.
Ngokomcabango wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuphila komuntu kwaphenduka ngokwemvelo ezintweni ezincane eziphilayo. Kodwa, ngokungafani nabantu, iningi lezinto ezincane eziphilayo livela kumzali oyedwa. Zizala ngazodwa. Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuthi lendlela yokuzalana iguqukele endleleni eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe edinga abazali ababili? Abezokuziphendukela kwemvelo bakuthola kunzima ukukuphendula lokhu, njengoba kuboniswe ohlwini olusekhasini elandulelayo.
Lenguquko enkulu ichazwa kalula ‘njengokuqala kokuzalana okungokobulili.’ Kodwa abanye ososayensi banesibindi sokuphikisa. UProfesa uJaap Kies, weYunivesithi yaseNtshonalanga Kapa, eNingizimu Afrika, uyichaza ‘njengokucabanga okungenangqondo.’
Kunencazelo eyodwa kuphela eyanelisayo ngokuzalana kokuphila. Kuyisipho esivela kuMdali wakho konke ukuhlakanipha, uJehova uNkulunkulu. Njengoba iBhayibheli lisho: “Izipho zonke ezinhle neziphiwo zonke ezipheleleyo zivela phezulu.”—Jakobe 1:17.
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Lokho Abokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Abakuvumayo Ngokuzalana
“Asiyazi ngisho nakancane imbangela yangempela yobulili; kungani abantwana kumelwe bazalwe ngokuhlangana kwezitho zobuliii, esikhundleni sezinguquko eziwuhide zeparthenogenesis [ukuzalana okudinga umzali oyedwa kuphela] . . . Kuze kube manje indaba yonke isafihleke ebumnyameni.’”—UCharles Darwin, ngo-1862.
Ngokubhekisela embonweni kaDarwin, iScience News, kaSeptember 8, 1984, iyanezela: “Wayezobe esabhala ngisho nanamuhla.”
“Lencwadi,” kubika uProfesa uGeorge C. Williams esanduleleni sethi Sex and Evolution, “ibhalwe enkolelweni yokuthi ukuba namandla kokuzalana okungokobulili ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni ezaziwayo akuvumelani nombono wesimanje wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.”
Encwadini yakhe ethi, The Evolution of Sex, uProfesa uJohn Maynard Smith uveza “umfanekiso ofishanisiwe ngokudabuka kobulili,” ewubiza ngokuthi “umfanekiso ongcono kakhulu angawunikeza.” Ekuphetheni uthi: “Ngeke ngizenzise ngokuba nethemba elikhulu kulencazelo.”
“Ubulili buyinkinga enkulu esayensini yezempilo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo . . . Kubonakala sengathi eminye yemibuzo ebaluleke kakhulu esayensini yezempilo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo cishe ayizange ibuzwe . . . Omkhulu kakhulu futhi ophawulekayo nolukhuni kakhulu walemibuzo uwukuthi, kungani kunobuhlobo bobulili?”—IThe Masterpiece of Nature, nguProfesa Graham Bell.