“Ingcebo Yezwe Elingcwele”
IMANHATTAN ehlala imatasa iyindawo okuqoqelwa kuyo ngokungavamile imisebenzi yobuciko eqinisekisa umlando weBhayibheli. Nokho, eCentral Park eseDolobheni laseNew York kune-The Metropolitan Museum of Art, okusanda kuqoqelwa kuyo “Ingcebo Yezwe Elingcwele: Imisebenzi Yobuciko Yasendulo Evela EMnyuziyamu WakwaIsrayeli.” Lombukiso wawunezimpahla eziyigugu ezicishe zibe ngama-200 ezazibolekwe eJerusalema eMnyuziyamu WakwaIsrayeli.
Abantu basendulo bezwe leBhayibheli balandisa indaba yabo ngalemisebenzi yobueiko. Woza, sIbone, silalele, futhi sifunde. Nokho, okokuqala kumelwe ugibele iZitebhisi ezingama-28 eZiholela emnyango woku ngena onezinsika weMetropolitan Museum. Lapho usuphakathi, uyobe USulungele Ukuqala uhambo lwezinyawo lokuvakasha phakathi kwemInyaka eyizInkulungwane ezIningi yomlando weBhayibheli. Nakhu oyokubona:
ISithasiselo SikaHabakuki—Umqulu wesikhumba ongamamitha acishe abe yi-1,5, lapho Igama laphezulu libonakala khona iZikhathi eziningana. Lomqulu ungomunye weMiqulu Yasolwandle Olufile eyatholakala okokuqala nelondolozwe kahle kakhulu, eye yabizwa ngokuthi “Imivubukulo emikhulu kakhulu yasendulo kuielIkhulu leminyaka.” (Lemiqulu Iqukethe Izingxenye zazo zonke Izingxenye zemibhalo yesiHeberu ngaphandle kuka Esteri futhi ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka B.C.E. Khona-ke, ngaphandle kwezingeezu zemibhalo yesandla, zandulela Izincwadi ezindala kakhulu kwezaziwayo zeBhayibheli ngeminyaka eyinkulungwane.) Isithasiselo SikaHabakuki siqukethe cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zencwadi kaHabakuki (1:4–2:20), sathathelwa emibhalweni ebhalwe ngonobumbakazi yesiAramu ekupheleni kwekhulu lokuqala B.C.E., futhi yabe isihlanganiswa nalesithasiselo. Ukwaziswa okusekhadini elisemnyuziyamu kuthi, “Kodwa Igama likaJehova elinezinhlamvu ezine, zetetragrammaton, libhalwe yonke indawo ngezinhlamvu zesiHeberu sakudala. Yebo, ungayi bona ngokusobala iTetragrammaton!
UDengezi ‘Lwendlu KaNkulunkulu’—lunocezu lwesitsha sobumba olunegama likaNkulunkulu elivela izikhathi ezimbili ngeTetragrammaton. Loludengezi olwatholakala eningizimu Israyeli lwaluyinewadi eyayibhalelwe indoda okwakuthiwa uEliyashibi futhi yabhalwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lesikhombisa B.C.E. LencwadiIqala kanje, “Enkosini yami uEliyashibi: Sengathi uJehova angathatha Ukuthula kwakho.” Iphetha kanje: “Yena uhlala endlini kaJehova.”—Bheka ikhasi 12 lencwajana enemifanekiso ethi IGama Laphezulu Eliyohlala Phakade, eyakhishwa yiWatchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
UmBhalo Kapontiyu-Pilatuu—mbhalo ovelele ngokomlando wekhulu lokuqala, owatholwa eKhesariya. Ngaphambi kuka-1961 lapho uPontiyu-Pilatu ayethintwa khona kuphela kwa kusemakhasini eBhayibheli nasemibhalweni yekhulu lokuqala yabalobimlando bamaRoma nabamaJuda. Nokho, manje ungabona kuqoshwe etsheni ngezingxenye zesiLatini amagama athi “UPontiyu Pilatu Isikhulu SaseJudiya.” Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu owavumela ukubethelwa kukaJesu Kristu wake waphila.
UmBhalo ‘Wendawo Yokushaya Icilongo’—wawuyingxenye yodonga olwaluseningizimu-ntshonalanga olwaluzungeze ithempeli eJerusalema. Lapho ithempeli libhujiswa ngo-70 C.E., lelitshe lawela emgwaqweni ongezansi. Amazwi athi “endaweni yokushaya icilongo” abhalwe ngesiHeberu etsheni elinezinhlangothi ezine, eliyimitha elilodwa ubude futhi abhekisela endaweni umshayi wecilongo ayema kuyo, mhlawumbe lapho ebonisa ukuqala nokuphetha kweSabatha ngokukhalisa icilongo lakhe. Ezakhiweni ezazisemagcekeni ethempeli, lombhalo yiwona kuphela owasala phakathi kwezinye izinto, kanjalo uqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka kwesiprofetho sikaJesu esikuMathewu 24:1, 2.
UmBhalo Wethuna L1kaUziya, INkosi YakwaJuda—itshe elingamamitha ayi-0,3 elinombhalo wesiAramu othi: “Lapha kunamathambo kaUziya iNkosi yakwaJuda. Ungavuli.” Lesixwayiso kungenzeka sibhekisela ochokweni lwakhe, noma singabhekisela ekunqatshelweni okujwayelekile kokuvula amathuna. (2 IziKronike 26:16-23) Lelitshe, elabhalwa cishe ngekhulu lokuqala B.C.E., latholakala eduze kweJerusalema futhi lalibonisa ukungcwatshwa kabusha kwamathambo enkosi emakhulwini eminyaka engamakhulu ngemva kokufa kwayo, njengoba ekuqaleni engazange angcwatshwe emangcwabeni amakhosi alowomuzi
INdawo Yokukhulekela Enabacuphi—indawo engajwayelekile eyakhiwe ngobumba cishe engamamitha angu-0,3 ukuphakama ebonisa ngokusobala imikhosi yamaFilisti yoku khulekela. Lendawo inabaculi abayisihlanu, ngamunye wabo uphethe okukhalayo—amasimbali, amacilongo, ihabhu, nogubhu, Lendawo yatholakala eAshidodi futhi yenziwa ekhulwini leshumi nanye kuya ekhulwini leshumi leminyaka B.C.E.
INdawo Yoku khulekela YamaKhanani—indawo eyigobongo yobumba, eyisikwele ehlotshiswe ngabantu nezilwane. Ihlanganisa izithixo zamaKhanani eZiyinhloko uAshera, owenziwe waba sesimweni somuthi noma insika engcwele, noBali, osesimweni sethole elinophiko lukankulunkulu welanga. (Eksodusi 34:12-14; 2 AmaKhosi 23:4, 5) lndawo ecishe ibe amamitha angu-0,6, cishe eyayihloselwe ukuba kwenzelwe kuyo iminikelo noma kuthelwe kuyo utshwala, yatholakala eduze kweMegido futhi yenziwa ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi leminyaka B.C.E.—Qhathanisa neyesi-2 IziKronike 34:4.
IziMpondo Zezindlovu Ezivela ESamariya—okubaziweyo okuvela eSamariya okwenziwa ngekhulu lesi-8 kuya kwelesi-9 leminyaka B.C.E. Kukhumbuza umuntu ‘ngezindlu zophondo lwendlovu’ ezakhiwa eSamariya noma ‘ngemibhede yophondo lwendlovu’ okwakuyisici sokuziphatha okonakele umprofethi uAmose ayemelene nakho. (1 AmaKhosi 22:39; Amose 3:15; 6:4) Njengoba izingcweti zemifanekiso zaseFenike zazisebenzisa kakhuiukazi izimpondo zezindlovu, eminye yalemisebenzi yobungcweti ibonakalisa ukukhulekela kobuqaba kukaBali, mhlawumbe okwaqalwa ngumka-Ahabi waseFenike, uJezebeli.
Eziningi zalezinto ezisembukisweni zinhle ngokwesimo nangombala. Kodwa ezinye zazo, njengonkulunkulukazi benzalo ababaziweyo, ibonakalisa imikhuba yenkolo eyonakele yezwe, Ezinye zibonisa indlela amathonya ezinye izizwe aye alolonga ngayo indlela yazo yokuziphatha. Umbukiso “Ingcebo Yezwe Elingcwele” neminye efana nawo inezela ukuqonda komuntu abantu, ezombangazwe, inkolo, nemisebenzi yobuciko yezwe leBhayibheli.
[Izithombe ekhasini 24, 25]
Isithasiselo SikaHabakuki
[Umthombo]
Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Udengezi ‘Lwendlu KaNkulunkulu’
[Umthombo]
Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Umbhalo KaPontiyu-Pilatu
[Umthombo]
Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Umbhalo ‘Wendawo Yokushaya Icilongo’
[Umthombo]
Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Umbhalo Wethuna LikaUziya
[Umthombo]
Israel Museum, Jerusalem
Indawo yokukhulekela enabaculi
[Umthombo]
Israel Museum, Jerusalem