Kungani Kulula Kangaka Ukuqamba Amanga?
AKEKHO othanda ukukhohliswa. Nokho, abantu kuwo wonke umhlaba bayakhohlisana ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhlola okwavela encwadini ethi The Day America Told the Truth, kaJames Patterson noPeter Kim, kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-91 abantu baseMelika aqamba amanga njalo. Lababhali bathi: “Iningi lethu likuthola kunzima ukuqeda isonto ngaphandle kokuqamba amanga. Oyedwa kwabahlanu akakwazi ukuqeda ngisho nosuku olulodwa—futhi sisho amanga angamabomu, ahlosiwe.”
Ukuqamba amanga kuwumkhuba ovamile cishe kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwanamuhla. Abaholi bezombangazwe baqamba amanga kubantu babo futhi baqambelana amanga bona ngokwabo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, baye bavela kuthelevishini bephika noma yikuphi ukuxhumana namacebo ayihlazo eqinisweni ababehileleke kuwo ngokujulile. Encwadini yakhe ethi Lying—Moral Choice in Public and Private Life, uSissela Bok uyaphawula: “Kwezomthetho nakwezamaphephandaba, kuhulumeni nakwezenhlalo yomphakathi, ukukhohlisa akunakwa uma labo abakhohlisayo bebuye futhi bamise imithetho benomuzwa wokuthi kungaxolelwa.”
Ibhekisela ekukhohliseni kwezombangazwe eUnited States, iCommon Cause Magazine kaMay/June 1989 yaphawula: “Ngokuphathelene nokukhohlisa kukahulumeni nokungathembi komphakathi iWatergate neVietnam yaphikisana ngempela [nehlazo lokuthengisela i-Iran izikhali ukuze kuzuze abavukeli baseNicaragua]. Ngakho yini eyenza iminyaka yokubusa kukaReagan yaba yinkathi yokwehlukana okunje? Abaningi baqamba amanga, kodwa abambalwa bazisola.” Ngakho-ke, kungesizathu esihle, ukuthi abantu abavamile ababathembi abaholi babo bezombangazwe.
Ebuhlotsheni bezizwe zonke abaholi abanjalo bakuthola kunzima ukuthembana. Isazi esingumGreki uPlato saphawula: “Ababusi boMbuso . . . bangase bavunyelwe ukuqamba amanga ngenxa yenzuzo yoMbuso.” Ebuhlotsheni bezizwe zonke kunjengoba isiprofetho seBhayibheli kuDaniyeli 11:27 sisho: “Ayakukhuluma amanga esetafuleni linye.”
Kwezamabhizinisi, ukuqamba amanga ngemikhiqizo nezinkonzo kuwumkhuba ovamile. Abathengi kufanele bangenele izivumelwano zokuthengiselana ngokuqapha, beqiniseka ukuthi bayawafunda amaphepha alezozivumelwano. Ohulumeni bamanye amazwe banezinhlelo ezifundisa ngokugcinwa komthetho ukuze kuvikelwe abantu ekukhangiseni okungamanga, ekuhwebeni okulimazayo okuthiwa kuyazuzisa noma akunangozi, nasekukhwabaniseni. Naphezu kwalemizamo, abantu bayaqhubeka belahlekelwa ngokwezimali ngenxa yabahwebi abakhohlisayo.
Kwabanye abantu, ukuqamba amanga kulula kangangokuthi kuba umkhuba. Abanye ngokuvamile bakhuluma iqiniso, kodwa lapho besesimweni esibucayi bayowaqamba amanga. Bambalwa abenqaba ukuqamba amanga ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo.
Amanga achazwa ngokuthi “1. inkulumo noma isenzo esingamanga, ikakhulukazi esenziwa ngenjongo yokukhohlisa . . . 2. noma yini enikeza noma ehloselwe ukunikeza umbono ongamanga.” Injongo iwukwenza abanye bakholelwe okuthile umqambi-manga akwaziyo ukuthi akulona iqiniso. Ngamanga noma ngamaqiniso angaphelele, uzama ukukhohlisa labo okumelwe bazi iqiniso.
Izizathu Zokuqamba Amanga
Abantu baqamba amanga ngezizathu eziningi. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi babophekile ukuba baqambe amanga ngamakhono abo ukuze bafinyelele impumelelo kulelizwe elincintisanayo. Abanye bazama ukumboza amaphutha noma icala ngamanga. Kanti abanye bahlanekezela imibiko ukuze banikeze umbono wokuthi baye bawenza umsebenzi abangazange bawenze. Khona-ke kunalabo abaqamba amanga ukuze bonakalise idumela lomunye, ukuze bagweme ukuphoxeka, ukuze bathethelele amanga adlule, noma baphange abantu imali yabo.
Ukuthethelelwa okuvamile kwamanga kuwukuthi avikela omunye umuntu. Abanye lokhu bakubheka njengamanga amahle ngoba bacabanga ukuthi awalimazi muntu. Kodwa ingabe ngempela lokhu okuthiwa amanga amahle akuyishiyi imiphumela emibi?
Cabangela Imiphumela
Amanga amahle angaqalisa indlela engase iholele emkhubeni wokuqamba amanga ongase uhilele izindaba ezingathi sína ngokwengeziwe. USissela Bok uyaphawula: “Wonke amanga avikelwa ‘njengamahle’ awanakuyekwa kalula. Okokuqala nje, ukungabi nangozi kwamanga kuphikiswa yonke indawo. Lokho umqambi-manga akubheka njengokungenangozi noma ngisho njengokuzuzisayo kungase kungabi njalo emehlweni okhohliswayo.”
Amanga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi angase abonakale emsulwa kangakanani, ayabonakalisa ubuhlobo obuhle babantu. Ukwethenjwa komqambi-manga kuyonakala, futhi ngokusobala kungase kuphele ngokuphelele. Umbhali owaziwayo uRalph Waldo Emerson wabhala: “Konke ukuqamba amanga akufani nokuzibulala komqambi-manga kuphela, kodwa kuyinxeba empilweni yomphakathi wabantu.”
Kulula ngomqambi-manga ukuba akhulume amanga ngomunye umuntu. Nakuba enganikezi bufakazi, amanga akhe abangela ukungabaza, futhi abaningi bayamkholelwa ngaphandle kokuhlola lokho akushoyo. Kanjalo idumela lomuntu omsulwa liyonakala, futhi uthwala umthwalo wokufakazela ubumsulwa bakhe. Ngakho-ke, kuyakhungathekisa lapho abantu bekholelwa umqambi-manga kunomuntu omsulwa, futhi konakalisa ubuhlobo bomuntu omsulwa nomqambi-manga.
Umqambi-manga angawuthuthukisa kalula umkhuba wokuqamba amanga. Ukuqamba amanga okukodwa ngokuvamile kuholela kokunye. UThomas Jefferson, owayeyisazi saseMelika sokuphathwa kwezwe, waphawula: “Abukho ububi obuphansi kangaka, obudeleleke kangaka, obenyanyeka kangaka; futhi lowo ozivumela ukuba aqambe amanga kanye, ukuthola kulula ukukwenza ngokwesibili nangokwesithathu, kuze kube umkhuba ekugcineni.” Kuyindlela eya ekuwohlokeni kokuziphatha.
Isizathu Sokuba Ukuqamba Amanga Kube Lula
Ukuqamba amanga kwaqala lapho ingelosi ehlubukayo iqamba amanga kowesifazane wokuqala, imtshela ukuthi wayengeke afe uma engalaleli uMdali wakhe. Kwaphumela ekulimaleni okukhulu kulo lonke uhlanga lwesintu, kuletha ukungapheleli, ukugula, nokufa kubo bonke.—Genesise 3:1-4; Roma 5:12.
Kusukela esikhathini sika-Adamu noEva abangalaleli, ithonya lobuqili laloyise wamanga liye labangela isimo ezweni lesintu esishukumisela ekuqambeni amanga. (Johane 8:44) Kusezweni elonakele kuphela lapho iqiniso lilinganiselwe khona. ISaturday Evening Post kaSeptember 1986 yaphawula ukuthi inkinga yokuqamba amanga “ithinta ibhizinisi, uhulumeni, imfundo, ukuzijabulisa, nobuhlobo obuhle bansuku zonke phakathi kwezakhamuzi zandawonye nomakhelwane. . . . Siye samukela imfundiso yerelativism, amanga amakhulu athi awekho amaqiniso aphelele.”
Umbono onjalo ungowalabo abanomkhuba wokuqamba amanga, abantula uzwela ngalabo ababakhohlisayo. Ukuqamba amanga kulula kubo. Kuyindlela yabo yokuphila. Kodwa abanye okungewona umkhuba wabo ukuqamba amanga bangase baqambe amanga ngokunganqikazi ngenxa yokwesaba—ukwesaba ukudaluleka, ukwesaba isijeziso, njalonjalo. Kuwubuthakathaka benyama engaphelele. Lokhu kuthambekela kungathathelwa kanjani indawo ukuzimisela ukukhuluma iqiniso?
Kungani Kufanele Sibe Neqiniso?
Iqiniso liyindinganiso uMdali wethu ophakeme aye wayibekela bonke. IZwi lakhe elilotshiwe, iBhayibheli, lithi kumaHeberu 6:18 “uNkulunkulu angeqambe amanga.” Lendinganiso efanayo yasekelwa yiNdodana yakhe, uJesu Kristu, eyayingummeleli kaNkulunkulu siqu emhlabeni. Kubaholi benkolo abangamaJuda ababefuna ukumbulala, uJesu wathi: “Kalokhu nifuna ukungibulala mina-muntu onitshelé iqiniso, engilizwé kuNkulunkulu . . . Uma ngithi angimazi, ngingaba-ngumqambimanga njengani.” (Johane 8:40, 55) Wasibekela isibonelo ngokuthi ‘akenzanga isono, akufunyanwanga nankohliso emlonyeni wakhe.’—1 Petru 2:21, 22.
UMdali wethu, ogama lakhe linguJehova, uyakuzonda ukuqamba amanga, njengoba izAga 6:16-19 zisho ngokucacile: “Kukhona izinto eziyisithupha azizondayo uJehova, yebo, eziyisikhombisa eziyizinengiso emphefumulweni wakhe: amehlo azidlayo, nolimi lwamanga, nezandla ezichitha igazi elingenacala, nenhliziyo eceba imicabango emibi, nezinyawo ezishesha ukugijimela ebubini, nofakazi wamanga ophafuza inkohliso, obanga ukuxabana phakathi kwabazalwane.”
LoNkulunkulu oneqiniso ufuna ukuba siphile ngezindinganiso zakhe ukuze sivunyelwe nguye. IZwi lakhe eliphefumlelwe liyasiyala: “Ningaqambelani amanga, lokhu nikhumulé umuntu omdala kanye nezenzo zakhe.” (Kolose 3:9) Abantu abenqaba ukuyeka umkhuba wokuqamba amanga abamukeleki kuye; ngeke bazuze isipho sakhe sokuphila. Eqinisweni, iHubo 5:6 lisho ngokungagwegwesi ukuthi uNkulunkulu ‘uyabhubhisa abakhuluma amanga.’ Ngaphezu kwalokho isAmbulo 21:8 sithi isabelo sabo ‘bonke abaqamba amanga singukufa kwesibili,’ okuwukubhujiswa phakade. Ngakho ukwamukela kwethu umbono kaNkulunkulu ngokuqamba amanga kusinikeza isizathu esiqinile sokukhuluma iqiniso.
Kodwa yini okufanele yenziwe esimweni lapho iqiniso lingase libangele isimo esidumazayo noma imizwa emibi? Ukuqamba amanga akulona ikhambi, kodwa ukuthula ngezinye izikhathi kuyilo. Kungani ukhuluma amanga angonakalisa ukwethenjwa kwakho futhi akwenze ukuba ungakutholi ukuvunyelwa kwaphezulu?
Ngenxa yokwesaba nobuthakathaka bobuntu, umuntu angase alingeke ukuba afune isiphephelo emangeni. Leyo yinkambo okulula kakhulu ukuyithatha noma umusa oyiphutha. Umphostoli uPetru wawela esilingweni esinjalo lapho izikhathi ezintathu ephika ukuthi wayemazi uJesu Kristu. Kamuva, wadabuka enhliziyweni ngokuthi wayeqambé amanga. (Luka 22:54-62) Ukuphenduka kwakhe okuqotho kwashukumisa uNkulunkulu ukuba amthethelele, njengoba kufakazelwa ukubusiswa kwakhe kwakamuva ngamalungelo amaningi enkonzo. Ukuphenduka okuhambisana nesinqumo esiwujuqu sokuyeka ukuqamba amanga kuyinkambo eletha intethelelo yaphezulu ngenxa yokwenza lokho uNkulunkulu akuzondayo.
Kodwa kunokufuna intethelelo ngemva kokuqamba amanga, londoloza ubuhlobo obuhle noMdali wakho futhi ulondoloze ukwethenjwa kwakho abanye ngokukhuluma iqiniso. Khumbula lokho iHubo 15:1, 2 elikushoyo: “Jehova, ngubani oyakuhlala etendeni lakho na? Ngubani oyakwakha entabeni yakho engcwele na? Yilowo ohamba ngobuqotho nowenza ukulunga, okhuluma iqiniso enhliziyweni yakhe.”