Inhlekelele ERwanda—Ubani Onecala?
“Ngokushesha nje ngaphambi kokuba umakhenika oneminyaka engu-23 ubudala agqenywe ingozi embi ekhanda,” kusho i-U.S.News & World Report, “omunye wabahlaseli watshela uHitiyise: ‘Kufanele ufe ngoba ungumTutsi.’”
YEKA ukuthi isenzakalo esifana nalesi siye saphindwa kaningi kangakanani ezweni elincane laseRwanda elise-Afrika Emaphakathi phakathi nenyanga ka-April no-May! Ngalesosikhathi kwakunamabandla angu-15 oFakazi BakaJehova eKigali nasezindaweni ezizungezile, okuyinhloko-dolobha yaseRwanda. Umbonisi wedolobha, uNtabana Eugène, wayengumTutsi. Yena, umkakhe, indodana yakhe, nendodakazi yakhe eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ubudala uShami, babephakathi kwabantu bokuqala ababulawa lapho kuqubuka lobubudlova bonya.
Izinkulungwane zabantu baseRwanda zazibulawa usuku nosuku—isonto nesonto. “Emasontweni ayisithupha okugcina,” umagazini wezindaba ocashunwe ngenhla phakathi no-May wabika ukuthi, “abantu abalinganiselwa ku-250 000 baye bafa emkhankasweni wokuqothulwa kwesizwe nokuziphindisela okudlula ukubhubhisana kwamaKhmer Rouge okwachitha igazi eCambodia maphakathi nawo-1970.”
Umagazini i-Time wathi: “Esimweni esifana nesaseJalimane lamaNazi, abantwana bakhishwa eqenjini labangu-500 ngenxa nje yokuthi babebukeka njengamaTutsi. . . . Umphathi-dolobha laseButare elingaseningizimu, oshade nomTutsi, wenziswa ukukhetha [okubuhlungu] amaHutu esigaba esiphansi: wayengasindisa umkakhe nabantwana uma ayenganikela ngabasekhweni lakhe—bobabili abazali bomkakhe nodadewabo—ukuba babulawe. Wavuma.”
EHhovisi Lokuhumusha loFakazi BakaJehova eKigali kwakusebenza abantu abayisithupha, abane babo bengamaHutu futhi ababili bengamaTutsi. AbangamaTutsi kwakungu-Ananie Mbanda noMukagisagara Denise. Lapho abombutho wezempi kanye nabaphangi befika endlini, bathukuthela kakhulu lapho bethola amaHutu namaTutsi ehlala ndawonye. Bafuna ukubulala uMbanda noDenise.
“Baqala ukukhipha izicupho zamabhomu abo aphonswa ngesandla,” kusho u-Emmanuel Ngirente, omunye wabazalwane abangamaHutu, “besongela ukusibulala njengoba sasihlala nezitha zabo. . . . Babefuna imali eningi. Sabanika yonke imali esasinayo, kodwa babenganelisekile. Banquma ukuthatha kithi konke ababengakusebenzisa njengesinxephezelo, kuhlanganise ne-computer ephathekayo eyayisetshenziswa emsebenzini wethu wokuhumusha, umshini wethu wokwenza amakhophi, imisakazo yethu, izicathulo zethu, nokunye. Kungazelelwe bahamba ngaphandle kokubulala noma ubani wethu, kodwa bathi babezobuya kamuva.”
Ezinsukwini ezalandela, abaphangi baqhubeka bebuya, futhi isikhathi ngasinye oFakazi abangamaHutu babenxusela abangane babo abangamaTutsi ukuba bangabulawa. Ekugcineni, lapho kuba yingozi ngokwengeziwe ukuba uMbanda noDenise baqhubeke behleli, kwenziwa amalungiselelo okuba bahambe nabanye ababaleki abangamaTutsi baye esikoleni esiseduze. Lapho lesosikole sihlaselwa, uMbanda noDenise bakwazi ukubaleka. Baphumelela ukudlula ezindaweni eziningana ezivinjwe abombutho emgwaqweni, kodwa ekugcineni, kwenye yazo bonke abangamaTutsi babemiswa nganhlanye futhi uMbanda noDenise babulawa.
Lapho amasosha ebuyela eHhovisi Lokuhumusha futhi ethola ukuthi oFakazi abangamaTutsi babehambile, lamasosha abashaya ngonya abazalwane abangamaHutu. Kwase kuqhuma umbayimbayi eduze, futhi labazalwane bakwazi ukubaleka futhi basindisa ukuphila kwabo.
Njengoba lokhu kubulala kwakuqhubeka ezweni lonke, kunokwenzeka ukuthi inani lababefile lafinyelela ingxenye yesigidi. Ekugcineni, phakathi kwezakhamuzi zaseRwanda eziyizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili, eziphakathi kwezigidi ezimbili nezintathu noma ngaphezulu, zashiya amakhaya azo. Eziningi zazo zafuna isiphephelo emazweni angomakhelwane iZaire neTanzania. OFakazi BakaJehova ababalelwa emakhulwini amaningi babulawa, futhi abaningi babo babephakathi kwalabo ababalekela emakamu asemazweni angaphandle.
Yini eyabhebhezela ukubulala okunjalo okungakaze kubonwe nokufuduka? Ingabe kwakungagwenywa? Sasinjani isimo ngaphambi kokuba kuqubuke lobubudlova?
AmaHutu NamaTutsi
Kokubili eRwanda nasezweni laseBurundi elingumakhelwane kuhlala amaHutu, abantu boMdabu abafishane nabaqatha, namaTutsi, abantu abade abanebala elikhanyayo abaziwa nangokuthi amaWatusi. Kuwo womabili lamazwe amaHutu angamaphesenti angu-85 omphakathi wezwe futhi amaTutsi angamaphesenti angu-14. Izingxabano eziphakathi kwalamaqembu ezinhlanga zazikhona kusukela emuva ekhulwini le-15 leminyaka. Nokho, ngokwengxenye enkulu, aye aphila ndawonye ngokuthula.
“Sasihlala ndawonye ngokuthula,” kusho owesifazane oneminyaka engu-29 ekhuluma ngamaHutu namaTutsi angu-3 000 ahlala edolobhaneni laseRuganda, elakhiwe endaweni engamakhilomitha ambalwa ukuya empumalanga Zaire. Nokho, ngo-April ukuhlasela kwamaqembu amaHutu kwabulala cishe wonke umphakathi wamaTutsi kulelidolobhana. I-New York Times yachaza:
“Indaba yalelidolobhana iyefana neyaseRwanda: AmaHutu namaTutsi ahlala ndawonye, ashadanayo, angenandaba ngisho nanokuthi ubani ongumHutu futhi ubani ongumTutsi.
“Okuthile kwangenela ngokungazelelwe. Ngo-April, amaqembu amaHutu kulo lonke izwe aqala udlame, ebulala amaTutsi nomaphi lapho ayewathola khona. Lapho lokhu kubulala kuqala, amaTutsi abalekela emasontweni ukuze avikeleke. Izixuku zawalandela, ziguqula amasonto ziwenza amathuna ahlale enindwe igazi.”
Yini eyayibangele lokhu kubulala? Ukufa kukamongameli waseRwanda nowaseBurundi ekuphahlazekeni kwendiza eKigali ngo-April 6, bobabili ababengamaHutu. Lesisenzakalo, ngandlela-thile, asizange sibangele ukubulawa kwamaTutsi kuphela kodwa nokwanoma imaphi amaHutu okwakucatshangwa ukuthi azwelana namaTutsi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulwa kwaya kuba namandla phakathi kwamaqembu avukelanayo—i-R.P.F. (Rwandan Patriotic Front) eqondiswa amaTutsi—namabutho kaHulumeni aqondiswa amaHutu. Ngo-July i-R.P.F. yayisinqobe amabutho kaHulumeni futhi yathatha iKigali nengxenye enkulu yeRwanda. Esaba impindiselo, ekuqaleni kuka-July, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaHutu abaleka ezweni.
Ubani Onecala?
Lapho ecelwa ukuba achaze ukuthi kungani ubudlova baqubuka ngokungazelelwe ngo-April, umlimi ongumTutsi wathi: “Kungenxa yabaholi ababi.”
Ngempela, phakathi namakhulu amaningi eminyaka, abaholi bezombangazwe baye basakaza amanga ngezitha zabo. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa ‘kombusi walelizwe,’ uSathane uDeveli, izazi zezombangazwe zezwe ziye zashukumisela abantu bazo ukuba balwe futhi babulale abantu bolunye uhlanga, noma isizwe. (Johane 12:31; 2 Korinte 4:4; 1 Johane 5:19) Isimo besingehlukile eRwanda. I-New York Times yathi: “Izazi zezombangazwe ziye zazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuphoqelela ukwethembana nokwesabana kobuhlanga—endabeni yamaHutu, ukuba aqhubeke ephethe uHulumeni; endabeni yamaTutsi, ukuba ahlangane ngenjongo yokusekela iqembu elivukelayo.”
Njengoba abantu baseRwanda befana ngezindlela eziningi, umuntu ubengenakulindela ukuba bazondane futhi babulalane. “AmaHutu namaTutsi akhuluma ulimi olufanayo futhi ngokuvamile ahlanganyela amasiko afanayo,” kubhala intatheli uRaymond Bonner. “Ngemva kwezizukulwane eziningi zomshado oxubile, ukungafani okungokomzimba—amaTutsi amade futhi anomzimba omncane, amaHutu amafushane futhi aqatha—kuye kwanyamalala kangangokuthi abantu baseRwanda ngokuvamile abaqiniseki ukuthi othile ungumHutu noma ungumTutsi yini.”
Nokho, isikhukhula samuva senkolelo-ze siye saletha umphumela ongakholeki. Ekhanyisa lendaba, u-Alex de Waal, umqondisi weqembu lamaLungelo Abantu Base-Afrika, wathi: “Kubikwa ukuthi abantu besigaba esiphansi ezindaweni eziye zaqothulwa i-R.P.F. bamangele ngokuthi amasosha amaTutsi awanazo izimpondo, imisila namehlo akhanyisa ebumnyameni—lena indlela aye achazwa ngayo emisakazweni abayilalelayo.”
Akubona abaholi bezwe kuphela abalolonga ukucabanga kwabantu kodwa nenkolo ngokufanayo. Yiziphi izinkolo ezinkulu zaseRwanda? Ingabe nazo ziye zaba nengxenye kulenhlekelele?
Indima Yenkolo
I-World Book Encyclopedia (1994) ithi ngeRwanda: “Abantu abaningi bangamaRoma Katolika. . . . Isonto lamaRoma Katolika namanye obuKristu aphethe izikole eziningi zabaqalayo nezikole eziphakeme.” Empeleni, i-National Catholic Reporter ibiza iRwanda ngokuthi “isizwe esinamaKatolika angu-70%.”
I-Observer yaseGreat Britain, inikeza isizinda sesimo esingokwenkolo eRwanda, ichaza: “Phakathi nawo-1930, lapho amasonto ayelwela ukulawula isimiso sezemfundo, amaKatolika ayethanda umbuso wedlanzana wamaTutsi kuyilapho amaProthestani ayezihlela neningi elingamaHutu elalicindezelwe. Ngo-1959 amaHutu athatha umbuso futhi ngokushesha ajabulela ukusekela kwamaKatolika namaProthestani. Ukusekela kwamaProthestani iningi elingamaHutu kusalokhu kunamandla.”
Ngokwesibonelo, ingabe abaholi benkolo bamaProthestani baye bakulahla ukubulawa kwabantu ngesihluku? I-Observer iyaphendula: “Kwabuzwa amadoda amabili asontayo [esonto laseSheshi] ukuthi ayebalahla yini ababulali ababegcwalise amaphaseji amasonto aseRwanda ngezidumbu zabantwana ezinqunywe amakhanda.
“Enqaba ukuphendula. Abalekela imibuzo, athukuthela, amazwi awo aphakama kakhulu, futhi imbangela yangempela yosizi lwaseRwanda yadalulwa—amalungu eSonto LaseSheshi asezikhundleni eziphakeme kakhulu asebenza njengezithunywa zabaholi bezombangazwe abaye bashumayela ukubulala futhi bachitha igazi eliningi.”
Ngempela, amasonto eLobukholwa eRwanda awahlukile kwamanye amasonto akwezinye izindawo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusekela kwawo abaholi bezombangazwe eMpini Yezwe I, uJenene Oyinduna Yezempi WaseBrithani uFrank P. Crozier wathi: “AmaSonto obuKristu angabagqugquzeli bokuchithwa kwegazi abangcono kakhulu esinabo futhi sibasebenzisa mahhala.”
Yebo, abaholi benkolo banecala elikhulu ngalokho okwenzekile! I-National Catholic Reporter ka-June 3, 1994, yabika: “Ukulwa esizweni sase-Afrika kuhilela ‘ukuqothulwa kwesizwe okungokoqobo nokuyiqiniso, lokho ngeshwa, ngisho namaKatolika anecala lakho,’ kusho upapa.”
Ngokucacile, amasonto aye ehluleka ukufundisa izimiso zobuKristu beqiniso, ezisekelwe emibhalweni enjengo-Isaya 2:4 noMathewu 26:52. Ngokwephephandaba laseFrance i-Monde, umpristi wakhala: “Bayabulalana, sebekhohliwe ukuthi bangabazalwane.” Omunye umpristi waseRwanda wavuma: “AmaKristu aye abulawa amanye amaKristu, ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka lezintshumayelo zothando nokuthethelelana. Kuye kwehluleka.” I-Monde yabuza: “Umuntu angakugwema kanjani ukucabanga ukuthi amaTutsi namaHutu asempini eBurundi naseRwanda ayeqeqeshwa izithunywa zevangeli ezingamaKristu ezifanayo futhi ziya emasontweni afanayo?”
AmaKristu Eqiniso Ahlukile
Abalandeli beqiniso bakaJesu Kristu balalela umyalo ‘wokuthandana.’ (Johane 13:34) Ungacabanga yini ngoJesu noma omunye wabaphostoli bakhe ethatha inkemba futhi egenca othile aze afe? Ukubulala okunjalo okungemthetho kubonakalisa abantu ‘njengabantwana bakaSathane.’—1 Johane 3:10-12.
OFakazi BakaJehova abahlanganyeli nganoma iyiphi indlela ezimpini, ekuvukeleni, nakunoma iziphi izingxabano ezithuthukiswa izazi zezombangazwe, ezingaphansi kokuqondisa kukaSathane uDeveli. (Johane 17:14, 16; 18:36; IsAmbulo 12:9) Kunalokho, oFakazi BakaJehova babonakalisa uthando oluqotho komunye nomunye. Ngaleyondlela, phakathi nalokhu kubulawa kwabantu ngesihluku, oFakazi abangamaHutu ngokuzimisela bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini emzamweni wokuvikela abafowabo abangamaTutsi.
Nokho, izinhlekelele ezinjalo akumelwe zimangaze. Esiprofethweni sikaJesu esiphathelene ‘nokuphela kwezwe,’ wabikezela: ‘Abantu bayakunibulala.’ (Mathewu 24:3, 9) Ngokujabulisayo, uJesu uthembisa ukuthi abathembekile bayokhunjulwa ovukweni lwabafile.—Johane 5:28, 29.
Okwamanje, oFakazi BakaJehova eRwanda nakwezinye izindawo bazimisele ukuqhubeka bezibonakalisa bengabafundi bakaKristu ngokuthandana. (Johane 13:35) Uthando lwabo lunikeza ubufakazi ngisho naphakathi kwalobubunzima obukhona manje, njengoba umbiko ohambisana nalesisihloko othi “OFakazi Emakamu Ababaleki” ukwembula. Sonke kudingeka sikhumbule lokho uJesu akusho esiprofethweni sakhe: “Okhuthazelayo kuze kube-sekupheleni nguyena oyakusindiswa.”—Mathewu 24:13.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 29]
OFAKAZI EMAKAMU ABABALEKI
Kusukela ngo-July kulonyaka, oFakazi ababengu-4 700 nabangane babo babesemakamu ababaleki. EZaire, kwakunabangu-2 376 eGoma, abangu-454 eBukavu, nabangu-1 592 e-Uvira. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eTanzania kwakunabangu-230 eBenaco.
Ukufinyelela nje ezikhungweni zababaleki kwakungelula. Elinye ibandla elinoFakazi abangu-60 lazama ukunqamula ibhuloho iRusumo, indlela eyinhloko yokubaleka eya emakamu ababaleki eTanzania. Lapho linqatshelwa ukudlula, lazulazula eduze kwezingu zomfula isikhathi esingangesonto. Lase linquma ukuzama ukunqamula ngezikejana. Laphumelela, futhi ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, lafika ekamu laseTanzania liphephile.
OFakazi BakaJehova kwamanye amazwe baye bahlela ukuba kunikezwe usizo olukhulu. OFakazi eFrance baqoqa amathani angaphezu kwekhulu ezimpahla namathani angu-9 ezicathulo, nezinto ezinjalo kanye nezakhi zomzimba ezinomsoco nemithi yokwelapha kwathunyelwa ngomkhumbi ezindaweni ezinesidingo. Nokho, into yokuqala abazalwane abasemakamu ababaleki ngokuvamile ababeyicela, iBhayibheli noma umagazini INqabayokulinda noma i-Phaphama!
Abaningi ababebukele bahlabeka umxhwele ngothando olwaboniswa oFakazi baseZaire naseTanzania, ababevakashela futhi besiza abafowabo ababephoqeleke ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. “Niye navakashelwa abantu benkolo yenu,” kusho ababaleki, “kodwa thina asizange sivakashelwe umpristi ovela kweyethu.”
OFakazi baye baziwa kakhulu kulamakamu, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yobunye babo, ukuhleleka, nesimo sengqondo sothando. (Johane 13:35) Kuyathakazelisa ukuphawula ukuthi eBenaco, eTanzania, kwabathatha imizuzu engu-15 kuphela oFakazi ukuthola oFakazi abakanye nabo abangababaleki phakathi kwabantu abangaba ngu-250 000 ekamu.