Umbusi Ozikhukhumezayo Ulahlekelwa Umbuso
UMPROFETHI UDANIYELI wabhala: “UBelishasari inkosi wenzela izinduna zakhe eziyinkulungwane idili, waphuza iwayini ngaphambi kwaleyonkulungwane.” Nokho, lapho leli dili liqhubeka, ‘kwaguquka ukucwebezela [kwenkosi], nemicabango yayo yayesabisa, zaxega izinyonga zokhalo lwayo, namadolo ayo ashayana.’ Ngaphambi kokuba kuse, “uBelishasari inkosi yamaKaledi wabulawa. UDariyu umMede wamukela umbuso.”—Daniyeli 5:1, 6, 30, 31.
Wayengubani uBelishasari? Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba abizwe ngokuthi “inkosi yamaKaledi”? Sasiyini ngempela isikhundla sakhe eMbusweni WaseBabiloni Elisha? Wamlahlekela kanjani umbuso?
Umbusi Obambisene Nomunye Noma Inkosi?
UDaniyeli ubhekisela kuNebukadinesari ngokuthi uyise kaBelishasari. (Daniyeli 5:2, 11, 18, 22) Nokho, lobu buhlobo abubona obungokoqobo. Incwadi ethi Nabonidus and Belshazzar kaRaymond P. Dougherty, isikisela ukuthi mhlawumbe uNebukadinesari wayengumkhulu wakhe ngonina, uNitocris. Kungenzeka nokuthi uNebukadinesari, njengoba ayemandulele embusweni, wayemane ‘enguyise’ kaBelishasari ngokuphathelene nesihlalo sobukhosi. (Qhathanisa noGenesise 28:10, 13.) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi, imibhalo ye-cuneiform eqoshwe emiphongolweni yobumba eminingana eyatholakala eningizimu ye-Iraq phakathi nekhulu le-19 ithi uBelishasari wayeyizibulo likaNabonidus, inkosi yaseBabiloni.
Njengoba ukulandisa okukuDaniyeli isahluko 5 kugxile ezenzakalweni zangobusuku bokuwa kweBabiloni ngo-539 B.C.E., akuchazi ukuthi uBelishasari walithola kanjani igunya lobukhosi. Kodwa imithombo yemivubukulo inikeza umqondo othile wobuhlobo obuphakathi kukaNabonidus noBelishasari. U-Alan Millard, isazi semivubukulo nezilimi zasendulo zamaSemite, uthi: “Imibhalo yaseBabiloni yembula ukuthi uNabonidus wayengumbusi oyinqaba.” Uyanezela: “Nakuba engazange abashaye indiva onkulunkulu baseBabiloni, . . . wayenaka kakhulu unkulunkulu wenyanga wakweminye imizi emibili, i-Uri neHarran. Phakathi neminyaka eminingana yokubusa kwakhe, uNabonidus wayengahlali ngisho nakuhlala eBabiloni; kunalokho wayehlala kude endaweni evundile yaseTeima [noma, eTema] enyakatho ye-Arabia.” Ngokusobala, uNabonidus wachitha isikhathi esiningi sokubusa kwakhe engekho ekomkhulu, eBabiloni. Lapho engekho, uBelishasari wayenikwa igunya lokuphatha.
Inikeza ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngokuphathelene nesikhundla sangempela sikaBelishasari, incwadi ebhalwe nge-cuneiform echazwe ngokuthi “Inkondlo Elandisa NgoNabonidus” ithi: “[UNabonidus] waphathisa (indodana) yakhe endala, eyizibulo, ‘iKamu,’ wabeka ngaphansi (kokulawula) kwayo amabutho ezwe lonke. Wayinika (konke), ephathisa yona ubukhosi.” Ngakho, uBelishasari wayengumbusi obambisene nomunye.
Nokho, ingabe umbusi obambisene nomunye angabhekwa njengenkosi? Umfanekiso obunjiwe wombusi wasendulo owatholakala enyakatho yeSyria ngawo-1970 ubonisa ukuthi kwakungeyona into engaziwa ukuba umbusi abizwe ngokuthi inkosi kuyilapho, eqinisweni, enesiqu esingaphansi kwaleso. Lowo mfanekiso kwakungowombusi waseGozan futhi wawuqoshwe ngolimi lwabase-Asiriya nangesi-Aramu. Umbhalo oqoshiwe wolimi lwabase-Asiriya wabiza le ndoda ngokuthi umbusi waseGozan, kodwa umbhalo oqoshiwe ofanayo wesi-Aramu wayibiza ngokuthi inkosi. Ngakho ngeke kube okokuqala ukuba uBelishasari abizwe ngokuthi inkosana eyindlalifa embhalweni oqoshiwe ongokomthetho waseBabiloni kuyilapho ebizwa ngokuthi inkosi embhalweni wesi-Aramu kaDaniyeli.
Ilungiselelo lokubusa ngokubambisana kukaNabonidus noBelishasari laqhubeka kwaze kwaba sezinsukwini zokugcina zoMbuso WaseBabiloni Elisha. Ngakho-ke, ngabo kanye ubusuku bokuwa kweBabiloni, uBelishasari wathembisa ukwenza uDaniyeli umbusi wesithathu embusweni, hhayi wesibili.—Daniyeli 5:16.
Umbusi Ozethemba Ngokweqile Nozikhukhumezayo
Izenzakalo zokugcina zokubusa kukaBelishasari zibonisa ukuthi lo mbusi wayezethemba ngokweqile futhi ezikhukhumeza. Ekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe ngo-October 5, 539 B.C.E., uNabonidus wafihlwa eBorsippa, ngemva kokunqotshwa amabutho amaMede namaPheresiya. IBabiloni ngokwalo lalivinjezelwe. Kodwa uBelishasari wazizwa elondeke kakhulu kulowo muzi ozungezwe izindonga ezinkulu kangangokuthi ngabo kanye lobo busuku, “wenzela izinduna zakhe eziyinkulungwane idili.” UHerodotus, isazi-mlando esingumGreki sangekhulu lesihlanu leminyaka B.C.E., uthi phakathi emzini, abantu “ngaleso sikhathi babedansa, futhi bezijabulisa.”
Nokho, ngaphandle kwezindonga zaseBabiloni, ibutho lempi lamaMede namaPheresiya laliqaphile. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaKoresi, lase lichezukise amanzi oMfula i-Ewufrathe, owawunqamula phakathi nomuzi. Amabutho akhe ayeselungele ukungena emfuleni ngokushesha nje lapho amanzi esehle ngokwanele. Ayezokhuphuka ngomthambeka abese engena emzini ngeminyango yethusi eyayivuliwe odongeni olungasogwini lomfula.
Ukube uBelishasari wayekuqaphele lokho okwakwenzeka ngaphandle komuzi, wayeyoyivala iminyango yethusi, amise amadoda akhe anamandla ezindongeni ezingasogwini lomfula, asivalele phakathi isitha. Kunalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya lewayini, uBelishasari ozidlayo wayala ukuba kulethwe izitsha zethempeli likaJehova. Khona-ke, yena nezimenywa zakhe, nawomkakhe, nezancinza zakhe baphuza ngazo ngokwedelela kuyilapho bedumisa onkulunkulu baseBabiloni. Kungazelelwe, kwavela ngokuyisimangaliso isandla futhi saqala ukubhala odongeni lwasesigodlweni. Ethuthumela, uBelishasari wabiza amadoda akhe ahlakaniphile ukuba azomnikeza incazelo yalowo myalezo. Kodwa “[ehluleka] ukuwufunda umbhalo nokwazisa inkosi incazo.” Ekugcineni, uDaniyeli “wangeniswa phambi kwenkosi.” Ephefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu, umprofethi kaJehova onesibindi wembula incazelo yalowo myalezo oyisimangaliso, owawubikezela ngokuwela kweBabiloni kumaMede namaPheresiya.—Daniyeli 5:2-28.
AmaMede namaPheresiya awuthatha kalula umuzi, futhi uBelishasari wafa ngalobo busuku. Ngokufa kwakhe, futhi ngokusobala nokuzinikela kukaNabonidus kuKoresi, uMbuso WaseBabiloni Elisha waphela.
[Isithombe ekhasini 8]
UDaniyeli uchaza umyalezo wokubhujiswa koMbuso WaseBabiloni