Ingabe Bewazi?
Ngaphandle kwewayini, yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zotshwala ezazenziwa ngezikhathi zeBhayibheli?
▪ Ngokuvamile, lapho iBhayibheli likhuluma ‘ngewayini’ liye likhulume ‘nangophuzo oludakayo.’ (Duteronomi 14:26; Luka 1:15) Inkulumo ethi ‘uphuzo oludakayo’ akufanele iqondwe ngokuthi lezi ziphuzo zazihluzwa, ngoba leyo nqubo yasungulwa emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva. Utshwala babungenziwa kuphela ngezithelo ezinjengamagilebhisi, izithelo zamasundu (dates), amakhiwane, ama-apula kanye namahalananda, kodwa babenziwa nangoju.
Eqinisweni, inkulumo ethi ‘uphuzo oludakayo’ ingabhekisela nakubhiya. Igama lesiHebheru elihunyushwa ngokuthi ‘uphuzo oludakayo’ lihlobene negama lesi-Akkad elingase lisho ubhiya webhali owawuthandwa kakhulu eMesophothamiya. Lesi siphuzo sasingadakani kalula kodwa sasingamdaka umuntu uma esiphuza ngokweqile. (IzAga 20:1) Emathuneni asendulo aseGibhithe, kuye kwatholakala izitsha zobumba zokwenza ubhiya nemifanekiso edwetshiwe yabantu abawenzayo. EBhabhiloni, ubhiya wawuyisiphuzo sansuku zonke esasiphuzwa ezigodlweni nasemakhaya abampofu. AmaFilisti nawo ayebuthanda lobu tshwala. Kulo lonke elasePalestina, abavubukuli baye bathola izimbiza ezimise okojeke kanye nezisefo zotshwala. Lezo zimbiza kwakungezokuhluza utshwala ukuze abaphuzayo bangagwinyi amakhoba ebhali okwakuvutshelwa ngalo.
Osukwini lomphostoli uPawulu, kungani ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka kwakuyingozi kakhulu?
▪ Ngenxa yezivunguvungu, umkhumbi umphostoli uPawulu ayewugibele wachitha isikhathi esiningi uzama ukulibhekisa entshonalanga ugudla ugu lwase-Asia Minor. IBhayibheli lithi lapho befika endaweni ethile, kwaba “yingozi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi ngoba ngisho nokuzila ukudla kosuku lokuhlawulela kwase kudlulile kakade.” UPawulu watshela ayehamba nabo ukuthi uma bezama ukuqhubeka nohambo babeyolahlekelwa, “hhayi ngumthwalo nomkhumbi nje kuphela kodwa futhi nayimiphefumulo [yabo].”—IzEnzo 27:4-10.
Ukuzila ukudla koSuku Lokuhlawulela kwakwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-September noma ekuqaleni kuka-October. Amatilosi angamaRoma ayazi ukuthi ngokuvamile kwakuphephile ukuhamba olwandle phakathi kuka-May 27 kuya ku-September 14. Kusukela ngo-September 14 kuya ku-November 11, ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kwakufana nokuzimbela igodi futhi kusukela ngo-November 11 kuya ku-March 10, ulwandle lwaluthukuthela, ngaleyo ndlela kungabi ukuhlakanipha ukuhamba ngalesi sikhathi. Esinye isizathu salokhu ukuthi isimo sezulu sasishintshashintsha njalo, njengoba nje okuhlangenwe nakho kukaPawulu kusinika isithombe esikhanya bhá. (IzEnzo 27:13-44) Amatilosi ayebhekana nengozi yemimoya enamandla futhi kwakuba nzima ukuthola indawo aya kuyo. Amafu ayesitha ilanga emini, ebusuku asithe izinkanyezi. Inkungu ekhasa phansi kanye nemvula kwakwenza kungabonakali kahle, ngaleyo ndlela abe maningi amathuba ezingozi.
[Isithombe ekhasini 23]
Amabhodlela Obhiya AseGibhithe Ayakhiwa Ngokhuni
[Umthombo]
Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY
[Isithombe ekhasini 23]
Umkhumbi WaseRoma Othwala Impahla Cishe Wango-100-200 C.E.
[Umthombo]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.