Izifundo NgemiBhalo Ephefumlelwe Nesizinda Sayo
ISifundo Sesi-8—Izinzuzo Ze“New World Translation”
Ingxoxo ngolimi lwayo lwanamuhla, ukuvumelana kwayo, ukuhumusha kwayo izenzo ngokucophelela, nokuliveza kwayo ngokunamandla iZwi likaNkulunkulu eliphefumlelwe.
1. (a) Yikuphi ukuthambekela iNew World Translation ekulungisayo, futhi kanjani? (b) Kungani esiNgisini kusetshenziswa elithi Jehovah kunelithi Yahweh noma olunye uhlobo lwegama?
EMINYAKENI yamuva kuye kwanyatheliswa izinguqulo eziningi zeBhayibheli zanamuhla eziye zaba nengxenye enkulu ekusizeni abathandi beZwi likaNkulunkulu bafinyelele ngokushesha emqondweni wemibhalo yokuqala. Nokho, izinguqulo eziningi ziye zakususa ukusetshenziswa kwegama laphezulu embhalweni ongcwele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iNew World Translation ikhulisa futhi ihloniphe igama likaNkulunkulu oPhezukonke elihloniphekayo ngokulibuyisela endaweni yalo efanelekile embhalweni. Leligama manje livela ezindaweni ezingu-6 973 engxenyeni yemiBhalo yesiHeberu, nasezindaweni ezingu-237 engxenyeni yemiBhalo yesiGreki, ingqikithi yezindawo ezingu-7 210 sekukonke. Igama elithi Yahweh likhethwa yizazi zesiHeberu sezizonke, kodwa isiqiniseko ngokuphunyiselwa kwalo asisafinyeleleki manje. Ngakho-ke, igama elenziwe isiLatini elithi Jehovah liyaqhubeka lisetshenziswa ngoba selinamakhulu amaningi eminyaka lisetshenziswa futhi liwukuhunyushelwa esiNgisini okwamukelwa kabanzi kweTetragrammaton, noma igama lesiHeberu elinezinhlamvu ezine elithi יהוה. Isazi sesiHeberu uR. H. Pfeiffer saphawula: “Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuthiwani ngomsuka nomlando walo ongaqinisekile, elithi ‘Jehova’ liwukuhunyushelwa esiNgisini okufanelekile kwelithi Yahweh futhi kumelwe lihlale linjalo.”a
2. (a) Ingabe zikhona izandulela zokubuyisela igama laphezulu emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki? (b) Kanjalo yikuphi ukungabaza okususwayo?
2 INew World Translation ayiyona inguqulo yokuqala ukuba ibuyisele igama laphezulu emiBhalweni YamaKristu YesiGreki. Okungenani kusukela ekhulwini le-14 leminyaka kuqhubeke, abahumushi abaningi baye bazizwa bephoqelekile ukuba babuyisele igama likaNkulunkulu embhalweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho abalobi bemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki babecaphuna khona ezindinyaneni zemiBhalo yesiHeberu eziqukethe igama laphezulu. Izinguqulo eziningi zezithunywa zevangeli zezilimi zanamuhla, kuhlanganise nezaseAfrika, eAsia, eMelika, nezinguqulo zaseziqhingini zePacific zemiBhalo yesiGreki, zisebenzisa igama elithi Jehova ngokukhululekile, njengoba kwenza izinguqulo ezithile zezilimi zaseYurophu. Nomaphi lapho kuhunyushwa khona igama laphezulu, akusekho kungabaza ngokuthi kubhekiselwe kuyiphi “inkosi.” YiNkosi yezulu nomhlaba, uJehova, egama layo lingcweliswa ngokugcinwa liyingqayizivele futhi lihlukile kuyiNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.b
3. Yiziphi izindlela iNew World Translation esiza ngazo ekudluliseleni amandla, ubuhle, nomqondo wemibhalo yokuqala?
3 INew World Translation iyanezela futhi ekungcwelisweni kwegama likaJehova ngokwethula imiBhalo yakhe ephefumlelwe ngolimi olucacile, oluqondakalayo oluletha incazelo ehlosiwe ngokukhanyayo engqondweni yomfundi. Isebenzisa ulimi olulula, lwanamuhla, ivumelana ngangokunokwenzeka ekuhumusheni kwayo, idlulisela ngokunembile isenzo noma isimo esiboniswe ezenzweni zesiHeberu nesiGreki, futhi iyahlukanisa phakathi kobuningi nobunye ekusebenziseni kwayo isabizwana sesiNgisi esithi “you” nalapho isebenzisa isenzo esisendleleni ephoqayo lapho umongo ungakwenzi kube sobala. Ngalezindlela nangezinye iNew World Translation yembula ngokucace kangangokunokwenzeka, ngenkulumo yanamuhla, amandla, ubuhle, nomqondo wemibhalo yokuqala.
IHUNYUSHWE NGOLIMI LWANAMUHLA
4. (a) Iyiphi injongo enhle omunye umhumushi weBhayibheli wokuqala ayiveza? (b) Yini eye yaba edingekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
4 Izinguqulo zeBhayibheli zakudala ziqukethe amagama amaningi angasasetshenziswa ekhulu le-16 nele-17 leminyaka. Nakuba manje engasaqondakali, ngalesosikhathi ayeqondakala kalula. Ngokwesibonelo, enye indoda eyaba nengxenye enkulu ekuwafakeni eBhayibhelini lesiNgisi kwakunguWilliam Tyndale, okubikwa ukuthi wathi komunye wabaphikisi bakhe abangokwenkolo: ‘Uma uNkulunkulu engalondoloza ukuphila kwami, kungakedluli iminyaka eminingi ngiyokwenza ukuba umfana obamba igeja azi eminingi yemiBhalo kunawe.’ Inguqulo kaTyndale yemiBhalo yesiGreki yayilula ngokwanele ukuba umfana wegeja ayiqonde ngesikhathi sakhe. Nokho, amaningi amagama awasebenzisa manje asemadala, kangangokuthi ‘umfana obamba igeja’ ngeke asayiqonda ngokucacile incazelo yamagama amaningi akuyiKing James nakwezinye izinguqulo ezindala zeBhayibheli. Ngakho, kuye kwaba okudingekile ukususa izigubuzelo zolimi lwakudala futhi kubuyiselwe iBhayibheli olimini oluvamile lomuntu ovamile.
5. IBhayibheli kufanele lisakazwe ngaluphi ulimi, futhi ngani?
5 Kwakuwulimi lomuntu ovamile olwasetshenziswa ekulobeni imiBhalo ephefumlelwe. Abaphostoli namanye amaKristu okuqala abazange basebenzise isiGreki sobuciko sezazi zefilosofi ezinjengoPlato. Basebenzisa isiGreki sansuku zonke, okungukuthi, isiKoine, noma isiGreki esivamile. Ngakho-ke, imiBhalo yesiGreki, njengemiBhalo yesiHeberu yangaphambi kwayo, yalotshwa ngolimi lwabantu. Khona-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izinguqulo zemiBhalo yokuqala nazo zibe ngolimi lwabantu, ukuze ziqondakale kalula. Kungalesisizathu iNew World Translation ingasebenzisi ulimi lwakudala lwamakhulu amathathu noma amane eminyaka adlule, kodwa inkulumo yanamuhla esobala, ecacile ukuze abafundi bakwazi ngempela lokho iBhayibheli elikushoyo.
6. Bonisa inzuzo yokusebenzisa izinkulumo ezisetshenziswayo manje esikhundleni samagama amadala.
6 Ukuze sinikeze umqondo wezinga loshintsho olimini lwesiNgisi kusukela ekhulwini le-17 kuya ekhulwini lama-20 leminyaka, phawula ukuqhathaniswa okulandelayo kweKing James Version neNew World Translation. Elithi “suffered” kuyiKing James Version liba elithi “allowed” kuyiNew World Translation (Gen. 31:7), ukuthi “was bolled” kuba ukuthi “had flower buds” (Eks. 9:31), elithi “spoilers” liba elithi “pillagers” (AbAhl. 2:14), ukuthi “ear his ground” kuba ukuthi “do his plowing” (1 Sam. 8:12), ukuthi “when thou prayest” kuba ukuthi “when you pray” (Math. 6:6), ukuthi “sick of the palsy” kuba ukuthi “paralytic” (Marku 2:3), elithi “quickeneth” liba ukuthi “makes . . . alive” (Roma 4:17), elithi “shambles” liba ukuthi “meat market” (1 Kor. 10:25), elithi “letteth” liba ukuthi “acting as a restraint” (2 Thes. 2:7), njalonjalo. Kulokhu usungakubona ukubaluleka kweNew World Translation ekusebenziseni amagama amanje esikhundleni samagama amadala.
UKUHUMUSHA AMAGAMA NGOKUVUMELANAYO
7. Kungayiphi indlela iNew World Translation ingaguquguquki ekuhumusheni kwayo?
7 INew World Translation yenza konke okusemandleni ukuba ingaguquguquki ekuhumusheni kwayo. Ngegama elilodwa lesiHeberu noma lesiGreki, kuye kwasetshenziswa igama elilodwa lesiNgisi, futhi leli liye lasetshenziswa ngokuvumelana kangangalokho isisho noma umongo okuvumelayo ekunikezeni ukuqonda okugcwele kwesiNgisi. Ngokwesibonelo, igama lesiHeberu elithi neʹphesh lihunyushwe ngokungaguquguquki ngokuthi “umphefumulo.” Igama lesiGreki elifana nalo, elithi psy·kheʹ, lihunyushwe ngokuthi “umphefumulo” noma kuphi lapho livela khona.
8. (a) Nikeza izibonelo zamabizwafane. (b) Lawa aye asingathwa kanjani kulenguqulo?
8 Kwezinye izindawo kuye kwaphakama inkinga ngokuhunyushwa kwamabizwafane. Lawa amagama olimini lwakuqala ayebhalwa ngendlela efanayo kodwa anezincazelo eziyisisekelo ezingafani. Ngakho-ke, inselele iwukunikeza igama elinencazelo eqondile uma kuhunyushwa. EsiZulwini kunamabizwafane njengelithi “iGoli” nelithi “igoli” nelithi “hola” (izimvu) nelithi “hola” (imali), abhalwa ngokufana kodwa angamagama ahlukene ngokuphelele. Esinye isibonelo seBhayibheli yigama lesiHeberu elithi rav, elimelela amagama ahlukene ngokuphelele awumsuka, futhi ngalokho lawa ahunyushwa ngokuhlukile kuyiNew World Translation. Elithi rav ngokuvame kakhulu lisho “okuningi,” njengakuEksodusi 5:5. Nokho, igama elithi rav elisetshenziswe eziqwini, njengakwelithi “Rabi-Shake” (ngesiHeb., Rav-sha·qehʹ) kwawesi-2 AmaKhosi 18:17, lisho ukuthi “yinhloko,” njengalapho lihunyushwe khona ngokuthi “isikhulu sakhe esiyinhloko sasesigodlweni” kuDaniyeli 1:3. (NW) (Bheka futhi uJeremiya 39:3, umbhalo waphansi kuyiNW.) Igama elithi rav, lisesimweni esifanayo, lisho “umcibisheli,” okuyisizathu sokuba lihunyushwe kanjalo kuJeremiya 50:29. Abahumushi baye bamukela izazi zamagama, ezinjengoL. Koehler noW. Baumgartner, njengamagunya ekuhlukaniseni lamagama abhalwa ngendlela efanayo.
9. Omunye umhlaziyi wesiHeberu nesiGreki wayitusa kanjani iNew World Translation?
9 Mayelana nalesici sokuvumelana, phawula lokho umhlaziyi wesiHeberu nesiGreki uAlexander Thomson akusho ekubukezeni kwakhe iNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures: “Ngokusobala lenguqulo iwumsebenzi wezazi ezinekhono nezihlakaniphile, eziye zazama ukuveza umqondo okuyiwonawona wombhalo wesiGreki kangangalokho ulimi lwesiNgisi olukwaziyo ukukuveza. Lenguqulo ihlose ukunamathela encazelweni eyodwa yesiNgisi ngegama ngalinye lesiGreki eliyinhloko, futhi ihumushe ngokwezwi nezwi ngangokunokwenzeka. . . . Igama elihunyushwa ngokuvamile ngokuthi ‘lungisisa’ lihunyushwe ngokunembe kakhulu ngokuthi ‘yithi kulungile.’ . . . Igama elithi iSiphambano lihunyushwe ngokuthi ‘isigxobo sokuhlushwa’ okungokunye ukuthuthukisa. . . . ULuka 23:43 uhunyushwe kahle ngokuthi, ‘Ngokuqinisekile ngithi kuwe namuhla, Uyoba nami ePharadesi.’ Lokhu ukuthuthukisa okukhulu endleleni izinguqulo eziningi ezifundeka ngayo.” Ngenguqulo yemiBhalo yesiHeberu, umhlaziyi ofanayo wenza lokhu kukhulumela: “Kuhle ukuyithola leNew World Version. Iyaphila, futhi yenza umfundi acabange futhi afunde. Ayiwona umsebenzi wabaCusumbuli BemiBhalo, kodwa wezazi ezihlonipha uNkulunkulu neZwi laKhe.”—The Differentiator, April 1952, amakhasi 52-7, nekaJune 1954, ikhasi 136.
10. Bonisa indlela ukungaguquguquki kweNew World Translation okusekela ngayo iqiniso leBhayibheli.
10 Ukungaguquguquki kweNew World Translation kuye kwaphumelela ezingxoxweni eziningi zeBhayibheli ezicubungulayo ensimini. Ngokwesibonelo, eminyakeni ethile edlule, inhlangano yabangabaza izimfundiso ezingokwenkolo eNew York yacela iWatch Tower Society ukuba ithumele izikhulumi ezimbili ukuba zixoxe neqembu layo ngezindaba ezingokweBhayibheli, okuyisicelo esavunywa. Lezifundiswa zazibambelele esiqubulweni sesiLatini esithi, falsum in uno falsum in toto, okusho ukuthi iphuzu eliboniswe ukuthi linamanga esicini esisodwa lingamanga lonke. Phakathi nengxoxo, enye indoda yabekela oFakazi BakaJehova inselele ngokwethenjelwa kweBhayibheli. Yacela ukuba uGenesise 1:3 afundelwe izilaleli, futhi lokhu kwenziwa, kuyiNew World Translation: “UNkulunkulu wayesethi: ‘Makubekhona ukukhanya.’ Kwase kuba khona ukukhanya.” Ngesibindi, yaphinda yacela ukuba kufundwe uGenesise 1:14, naye wafundwa kuyiNew World Translation: “Futhi uNkulunkulu waqhubeka wathi: ‘Makube-khona izinkanyiso emkhathini wezulu.’” “Yima,” isho, “yini leyo oyifundayo? IBhayibheli lami lithi uNkulunkulu wenza ukukhanya ngosuku lokuqala, waphinda futhi ngosuku lwesine, futhi lokho kuwukuguquguquka.” Nakuba yayizisholo ukuthi iyasazi isiHeberu, kwadingeka ukuba ivezelwe ukuthi igama lesiHeberu elihunyushwe ngokuthi “ukukhanya” evesini 3 lalithi ʼohr, kanti igama elisevesini 14 lalihlukile, njengoba lalithi ma·ʼohrʹ, okubhekisela enkanyisweni, noma emthonjeni wokukhanya. Isifundiswa sahlala phansi sinqotshiwe.c Ukungaguquguquki okuthembekile kweNew World Translation kwakulizuzile iphuzu, kwasekela iBhayibheli njengelithembekile nelinenzuzo.
UKUHUNYUSHWA KWEZENZO NGOKUCOPHELELA
11. Yisiphi isici esinamandla semiBhalo yokuqala esilondolozwe kuyiNew World Translation? Kanjani?
11 INew World Translation inikeza ukunakekela okukhethekile ekudluliseleni umqondo wesenzo esenziwayo ezenzweni zesiGreki nezesiHeberu. Ngokwenza kanjalo, iNew World Translation izama ukulondoloza ukukhanga okukhethekile, ubulula, amandla, nendlela yokukhuluma kwemibhalo yezilimi zokuqala. Ngaleyondlela kuye kwaba okudingekile ukusebenzisa izinsiza-senzo esiNgisini ukuze kudluliselwe ngokucophelela izimo ezingokoqobo zezenzo ezenziwayo. Ngenxa yesisindo sezenzo zayo, imiBhalo yokuqala inamandla kakhulu futhi isichaza ngokucacile isenzo.
12. (a) Iyiphi enye indlela isiHeberu esihluka ngayo ezilimini zaseNtshonalanga? (b) Chaza izimo ezimbili zesenzo sesiHeberu.
12 Isenzo sesiHeberu asinazo “izinkathi” ngendlela igama elithi “inkathi” elisetshenziswa ngayo ezilimini eziningi zaseNtshonalanga. EsiNgisini, izenzo zibhekwa ngokukhethekile ngokwephuzu lenkathi, noma isikhathi: edlule, eyamanje, nezayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo sesiHeberu ngokuyisisekelo siveza isimo sesenzo esenziwayo, okungukuthi, isenzo esenziwayo sibhekwa njengesiphelele noma njengesiqhubekayo. Lezizimo zesenzo sesiHeberu zingasetshenziswa ukubonisa izenzo ezisenkathini edlule noma ezayo, kube umongo onquma inkathi. Ngokwesibonelo, isiqondiswano esiphelele sesenzo ngokuvamile sibonisa izenzo zenkathi edlule, kodwa siyasetshenziswa futhi ekukhulumeni ngesenzakalo esizayo njengokungathi sesenzekile kakade futhi sadlula, ukuze kuboniswe ukuqiniseka ukuthi sizokwenzeka nakanjani esikhathini esizayo noma ukuthi kumelwe senzeke.
13. Kungani ukuqaphela ngokufanele ukuthi isenzo sikusiphi isiqondiswano sesiHeberu kubalulekile ekufinyeleleni ukuqonda okuyikho uGenesise 2:2, 3?
13 Ukudlulisela ngokunembile isimo sesenzo sesiHeberu esiNgisini kubaluleke kakhulu; ngaphandle kwalokho, incazelo ingasonteka futhi kuvezwe umqondo ohluke ngokuphelele. Njengesibonelo salokhu, cabangela izinkulumo ezibonisa izenzo kuGenesise 2:2, 3. Ezinguqulweni eziningi, lapho kukhulunywa ngokuphumula kukaNkulunkulu ngosuku lwesikhombisa, kusetshenziswa izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi “waphumula,” “wayeka,” “wayeyekile,” “khona waphumula,” “uNkulunkulu waphumula,” nethi “wayephumulile.” Ngokwalezinguqulo umuntu ubengaphetha ngokuthi ukuphumula kukaNkulunkulu ngosuku lwesikhombisa kwakupheleliswe esikhathini esidlule. Kodwa phawula indlela iNew World Translation eveza ngayo umqondo wezenzo ezisetshenziswe endimeni ekuGenesise 2:2, 3: “Futhi ngosuku lwesikhombisa uNkulunkulu waqeda umsebenzi wakhe ayewenzile, wayesephumula ngosuku lwesikhombisa kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe ayewenzile. Futhi uNkulunkulu wayesebusisa usuku lwesikhombisa futhi walwenza lwaba ngcwele, ngoba ngalo ubephumule kuwo wonke umsebenzi wakhe uNkulunkulu awudalile ngenjongo yokwenza.” Evesini 2 amazwi athi “wayesephumula” ayisenzo esiyisiqondiswano esiqhubekayo ngesiHeberu futhi ngalokho aveza umqondo wesenzo esingaphelele noma esiqhubekayo. Ukuhumusha ngokuthi “wayesephumula” kuyavumelana nalokho okushiwo kumaHeberu 4:4-7. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isenzo esikuGenesise 2:3 siyisiqondiswano esiphelele, kodwa ukuze sivumelane nevesi 2 namaHeberu 4:4-7, sihunyushwe ngokuthi “ubephumule.”
14. Igwema umbono oyiphutha kawaw oyamile, yini iNew World Translation ezama ukuyenza ngezenzo zesiHeberu?
14 Esinye sezizathu zokunganembi ekuhumusheni izimo zezenzo zesiHeberu umqondo wohlelo lolimi namuhla owaziwa ngokuthi uwaw oyamile. Elithi waw (ו) yisihlanganiso sesiHeberu ngokuyisisekelo esisho ukuthi “futhi.” Asilokothi sime sodwa kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlanganiswa nelinye igama elithile, ngokuvamile nesenzo sesiHeberu, ukuze sakhe igama elilodwa naso. Abanye baye bathi, futhi basasho, ukuthi lobuhlobo bunamandla okuguqula isenzo sisuke kwesinye isiqondiswano siye kwesinye, okungukuthi, sisuke kwesiqhubekayo siye kwesiphelele (njengoba kuye kwenziwa ezinguqulweni eziningi, kuhlanganise nezanamuhla, kuGenesise 2:2, 3) noma sisuke kwesiphelele siye kwesiqhubekayo. Lomphumela uye wachazwa futhi ngegama elithi u“waw oguqulayo.” Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuyiphutha kwesimo sesenzo kuye kwaholela ekudidekeni okuningi nasekuhunyushweni kabi kombhalo wesiHeberu. INew World Translation ayivumi ukuthi uhlamvu lwegama uwaw lunamandla okushintsha isimo sesenzo. Kunalokho, kwenziwe umzamo wokuveza amandla afanele nahlukanisayo esenzo sesiHeberu, ngaleyondlela kulondolozwe incazelo yelokuqala ngokunembile.d
15. (a) Izenzo zesiGreki ziye zahunyushwa ngakuphi ukuqikelela? (b) Bonisa inzuzo yokuveza umqondo oqhubekayo ngokuqondile.
15 Kuye kwasetshenziswa ukuqikelela okufanayo ekuhumusheni izenzo zesiGreki. NgesiGreki izinkathi zesenzo azivezi nje kuphela isikhathi sesenzo noma isimo kodwa futhi nohlobo lwesenzo, ukuthi singesesikhashana, siyaqala, siyaqhubeka, siyaphindaphinda, noma siphelele. Ukunaka imiqondo enjalo ezimweni zesenzo sesiGreki kuholela enguqulweni enembile enamandla agcwele esenzo esichazwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka umuzwa womqondo oqhubekayo lapho lokhu kwenzeka khona esenzweni sesiGreki akuvezi nje kuphela ubunjalo besimo esithile sangempela kodwa futhi kwenza ukuba isiyalo neseluleko kube namandla ngokwengenziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukungakholwa okuqhubekayo kwabaFarisi nabaSadusi kuvezwa ngokucacile amazwi kaJesu: “Isizukulwane esibi nesiphingayo siyaqhubeka sifuna isibonakaliso.” Futhi isidingo sesenzo esiqhubekayo ezintweni ezifanele sivezwa kahle amazwi kaJesu: “Qhubekani nithanda izitha zenu.” “Khona-ke, qhubekani nifuna umbuso kuqala.” “Qhubekani nicela, futhi niyophiwa; qhubekani nifuna, futhi niyothola; qhubekani ningqongqoza, futhi niyovulelwa.”—Math. 16:4; 5:44; 6:33; 7:7.
16. Ngokucabangela inkathi yesiGreki okuthiwa iaorist, ukukhulumela kukaJohane ‘isono’ kweyoku-1 Johane 2:1 kuvezwe kanjani ngokuqondile?
16 IsiGreki sinenkathi engavamile okuthiwa iaorist, ebhekisela esenzweni sangalesosikhathi, noma sesikhashana. Izenzo ezikulenkathi zingahunyushwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngokomongo wazo. Enye indlela esetshenziswa ngayo iwukubonisa isenzo esisodwa sohlobo oluthile, nakuba singahlobene nesikhathi esithile. Isibonelo esinjalo sitholakala kweyoku-1 Johane 2:1, lapho izinguqulo eziningi zihumusha isenzo ngelithi “ona” ukuze ziveze umqondo wenkambo eqhubekayo yokona, kanti iNew World Translation ifundeka kanje, “enza isono,” okungukuthi, isenzo esisodwa sesono. Lokhu kudlulisela umqondo okuyiwo wokuthi uma umKristu enza isenzo esisodwa sesono, unoJesu Kristu, osebenza njengommeleli, noma umsizi, kanye noBaba wasezulwini. Kanjalo, eyoku-1 Johane 2:1 ayiphikisani nakancane nokulahlwa ‘kokusenza umkhuba isono’ okutholakala kweyoku-1 Johane 3:6-8 no-5:18 kunalokho imane iqhathanise nakho.e
17. Ngaphandle kokubonisa isenzo esiqhubekayo, yini enye inkathi esaqhubeka yesiGreki engayiveza? Bonisa.
17 Inkathi esaqhubeka yesiGreki ingase ingabonisi nje kuphela isenzo esiqhubekayo kodwa futhi isenzo esizanyiwe kodwa sangafezwa. Phawula indlela amaHeberu 11:17 kuyiKing James Version afundeka ngayo: “Ngokukholwa uAbrahama evivinywa wanikela ngoIsaka: futhi yena owayamukele izithembiso wanikela ngendodana yakhe ezelwe yodwa.” Isenzo esithi “wanikela” ngesiGreki siyahluka ngesimo kulezindawo ezimbili. Lapho sivela khona okokuqala sisenkathini ephelele, kanti kokwesibili sisesimweni esisaqhubeka (inkathi edlule eqhubekayo). INew World Translation, icabangela lezinkathi ezihlukene, ihumusha lelivesi kanje: “UAbrahama, lapho elingwa, wafana nosenikele ngoIsaka, futhi lendoda . . . yazama ukunikela ngendodana yayo ezelwe yodwa.” Ngaleyondlela umqondo ophelele wesenzo sokuqala uyalondolozwa, kuyilapho inkathi esaqhubeka yesenzo sesibili ibonisa ukuthi lesenzo sasihlosiwe noma sazanywa kodwa asifezwanga ngokuphelele.—Gen. 22:9-14.
18. Uye waba yini umphumela wokunaka ngokucophelela umsebenzi wezinye izingcezu zenkulumo? Nikeza isibonelo.
18 Ukuqaphelisisa ukusebenza kwezinye izingcezu zenkulumo, njengamabizo, kuye kwaholela ekuxazululweni kwalokho okungabonakala kuwukuziphikisa. Ngokwesibonelo, kuzEnzo 9:7, lapho zilandisa ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuphawulekayo kukaSawulu emgwaqweni oya eDamaseku, izinguqulo eziningi zithi abangane bakhe ayehamba nabo ‘bezwa izwi’ kodwa bangabona muntu. Khona-ke, kuzEnzo 22:9, lapho uPawulu elandisa khona lesenzakalo, zona lezinguqulo zifundeka ngokuthi nakuba babona ukukhanya, ‘abalizwanga izwi.’ Nokho, esikhombweni sokuqala, igama lesiGreki elisho “izwi” liyisichasiso songumnini okhanyisayo, kodwa esimweni sesibili, lingumenziwa omkhulu, njengoba kunjalo kuzEnzo 9:4. Kungani kunalomehluko? Ngoba ezinguqulweni okukhulunywa ngazo ngenhla akukho nokukodwa kwalokhu okudluliselwe ngesiNgisi, nokho isiGreki, ngokushintsha ucezu lwenkulumo, sibonisa okuthile okuhlukile. Amadoda ezwa, ngokwezwi nezwi, ‘okwezwi’ kodwa awalizwanga ngendlela uPawulu alizwa ngayo, okungukuthi, ezwe amagama futhi awaqonde. Kanjalo, iNew World Translation, iphawula ukusetshenziswa kwesichasiso songumnini okhanyisayo kuzEnzo 9:7, ifundeka ngokuthi amadoda ayenaye “ayezwa, ngempela, umsindo wezwi, kodwa engaboni muntu.”
UBUNINGI BELITHI “YOU” BUBONISIWE
19, 20. (a) Yini iNew World Translation eye yayenza ngezinhlobo zobungcwele bokuzenzisa zokukhuluma nothile, futhi ngani? (b) Bonisa indlela elithi “you” elisebunyeni elingahlukaniswa ngayo kwelisebuningini.
19 Izinhlobo ezindala zesiNgisi zezabizwana zokukhulunywa naye ebunyeni, ezithi “thee,” “thou,” nesithi “thy,” ziye zalondolozwa ezinguqulweni ezithile zanamuhla ezindaweni lapho kukhulunywa khona noNkulunkulu. Nokho, ezilimini iBhayibheli elalilotshwe ngazo, lwalungekho uhlobo olukhethekile lwesabizwana soqobo esasisetshenziswa lapho kukhulunywa noNkulunkulu, kodwa kwakusetshenziswa uhlobo olufanayo ngisho nalapho umuntu ekhuluma nomakhelwane wakhe. Ngakho iNew World Translation manje iye yaziyeka lezindlela zobungcwele bokuzenzisa futhi isebenzisa elithi “you” (wena) elijwayelekile ezingxoxweni kuzo zonke izimo. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe ukuthi “you” (nina) isabizwana sokukhulunywa naye esisebuningini nezenzo ezibuningi bazo obungabonakali ngokushesha esiNgisini, amagama abhalwe wonke ngonobumbakazi abancane. Ngokuvamile kuwusizo kumfundi ukwazi ukuthi indimana ethile yomBhalo ibhekisela kwelithi “you” (wena) njengomuntu oyedwa, noma kwelithi “YOU” (nina) njengeqembu labantu, ibandla.
20 Ngokwesibonelo, kwabaseRoma 11:13 uPawulu ukhuluma nabaningi: “Ngikhuluma kini [“YOU,” NW] nina-bezizwe.” Kodwa evesini 17 isiGreki sishintshela ebunyeni belithi “you,” futhi ukusebenza kwalo kuqondiswa kumuntu ngamunye ngokuqondile: “Kepha uma kwaphulwa amanye amagatsha, wena-ke [you, NW] . . . wafakelwa . . . ”
INEW WORLD TRANSLATION NGEZINYE IZILIMI
21. (a) Kuye kwenzeka kanjani ukuba abaningi ngokwengeziwe bezakhamuzi zomhlaba bajabulele izinzuzo zeNew World Translation? (b) Mangaki amakhophi eNew World Translation ayesenyatheliswe iWatch Tower Society ngo-1989?
21 Ngo-1961 kwamenyezelwa ukuthi iWatch Tower Society yayisiqalise ukuhumusha iNew World Translation ngezilimi eziyisithupha ezisetshenziswa kabanzi, okungukuthi, isiDashi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane, isiPanishi, nesiPutukezi. Lomsebenzi wokuhumusha waphathiswa abahumushi abanekhono nabazinikezele, bonke ababesebenza ndawonye endlunkulu yeWatch Tower Society eBrooklyn, eNew York. Basebenza njengekomiti enkulu yezizwe zonke eyayisebenza ngaphansi kwesiqondiso esifanele. KwakungoJuly 1963, eMhlanganweni WoFakazi BakaJehova “Wezindaba Ezinhle Zaphakade” eMilwaukee, eWisconsin, eU.S.A., lapho ulibo lwalomsebenzi wokuhumusha lwenziwa khona lwatholakala lapho iNew World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures ikhululwa kanyekanye ngezilimi ezingenhla eziyisithupha. Manje izakhamuzi zomhlaba ezikhuluma ezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwesiNgisi zazingaqala ukujabulela izinzuzo zalenguqulo yanamuhla. Kusukela ngalesosikhathi, umsebenzi wokuhumusha uye waqhubeka, kangangokuthi ngo-1989 iNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures yayisisakazwe ngezilimi ezingu-11, kwanyatheliswa amakhophi angaphezu kwangu-56-000 000.f
UKUBONGA NGETHULUZI ELINAMANDLA
22, 23. Iziphi izindlela ezivelele lenguqulo yemiBhalo ephefumlelwe emzuzisa ngazo umKristu?
22 INew World Translation ngempela iyithuluzi elinamandla lokubonisa ukuthi “yonke imiBhalo iphefumlelwe uNkulunkulu futhi inenzuzo.” Emaphuzwini okuxoxwe ngawo kulesifundo, singaqaphela ukuthi iyanemba futhi inokwethenjelwa nokuthi inganikeza injabulo yangempela kulabo abafisa ukuzwa uNkulunkulu ekhuluma nomuntu ngendlela evusa amadlingozi ngolimi lwanamuhla, oluphilayo. Ulimi lweNew World Translation luyavuselela ngokomoya, futhi lwenza umfundi ajwayelane ngokushesha nenkulumo enamandla yemiBhalo yokuqala ephefumlelwe. Akusadingeki ukuba sifunde siphinde sifunde amavesi ukuze siqonde izigejana zamazwi ezicashile. Ikhuluma ngamandla nangokucacile kusukela lapho nje uyifunda okokuqala.
23 INew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures iyinguqulo ethembekile yeZwi likaNkulunkulu, ‘inkemba yomoya.’ Ngenxa yalokho, ngempela iyisikhali esiphumelelayo empini yomKristu engokomoya, iwusizo ‘ekubhidlizeni izimfundiso zamanga eziqiniswe njengezinqaba nezizindlo eziphakanyiselwa ukuthiya ulwazi ngoNkulunkulu.’ Yeka indlela esisiza kahle ngayo ukuba sikwazi ukuzimemezela ngokuqonda okungcono izinto ezinenzuzo nezakhayo, izinto ezikhazimulayo ezihlangene noMbuso kaNkulunkulu wokulunga—yebo, ‘imisebenzi emikhulu kaNkulunkulu’!—Efe. 6:17; 2 Kor. 10:4, 5; IzE. 2:11.
[Imibhalo yaphansi]
a Introduction to the Old Testament, Robert H. Pfeiffer, 1952, ikhasi 94.
b Kingdom Interlinear Translation, uHlelo luka-1985, amakhasi 1133-8.
c Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, ikhasi 528.
d Reference Bible, appendix 3c, “Hebrew Verbs Indicating Continuous or Progressive Action.”
e Insight on the Scriptures, Umq. 1, ikhasi 1008.
f Izinhlelo eziphelele zikhishwa ngesiDanishi, isiDashi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, isiJapane, isiNgisi, isiNtaliyane, isiPanishi nangesiPutukezi, (neziyingxenye ngesiFinnish nangesiSwidi).