Phila Isikhathi Eside Uwumqemane

AKE sithi ukuphila komuntu kuwumjaho omude wokweqa izithiyo. Bonke abagijimi baqala lo mjaho kanyekanye; kodwa njengoba beqa lezi zithiyo futhi ngezinye izikhathi bezikhahlela, ijubane labo liqala ukwehla, futhi kancane kancane abanye bayaphuma emjahweni.

Ngokufanayo, ukuphila komuntu kunesiqalo bese kuba nezithiyo ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, umuntu uhlangabezana nohide lwalezi zithiyo. Ukweqa isithiyo ngasinye kumenza abe buthakathaka, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uyayeka. Uma izithiyo ziphakeme, usheshe aphume noma afe. Uma umuntu ehlala ezweni elithuthukile, cishe uphuma emjahweni eseneminyaka engu-75 ubudala. Lesi sikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi esivamile umuntu asiphilayo—sinjengebanga abagijimi abaningi abaligijimayo ngempela.a (Qhathanisa neHubo 90:10.) Nokho, abanye abantu baphila isikhathi eside, futhi abambalwa baze baphile ngisho neminyaka okucatshangwa ukuthi miningi kakhulu, engu-115 kuya kwengu-120—okuyisenzakalo esiyivelakancane kangangokuba uma senzekile kuba indaba egudwini.

Ukubona Ukuthi Ziyini Izithiyo

Abantu manje sebengagijima isikhathi eside ngokuphindwe kabili kulo mjaho kunaleso ababesigijima ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka. Ngani? Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi umuntu uye wakwazi ukunciphisa izithiyo. Kodwa ziyini lezi zithiyo? Futhi ingabe zingancishiswa nakakhulu?

Uchwepheshe wezempilo yomphakathi we-World Health Organization (WHO) wachaza ukuthi ezinye zezithiyo, noma izici eziyinhloko, ezithinta isikhathi okulindeleke ukuba umuntu asiphile zihlanganisa imikhuba, indawo ezungezile nokwelashwa akutholayo.b Ngakho-ke, uma unemikhuba emihle, indawo ekuzungezile iba nempilo engcono, kanti uma uthola ukwelashwa okungcono, ziba zincane lezo zithiyo futhi ungaphila isikhathi eside. Nakuba izimo zabantu zihluka kakhulu, cishe wonke umuntu—kusukela kumqondisi webhange eSydney kuya kumdayisi wasemgwaqweni eSão Paulo—angenza okuthile ukuze anciphise izithiyo ekuphileni kwakhe. Kanjani?

Imikhuba Ethonya Ubude Besikhathi Ozosigijima

“Akukona nje ukuthi abantu abanemikhuba yempilo emihle baphila isikhathi eside kuphela kodwa futhi bayephuza ukukhubazeka futhi bakhubazeka iminyaka embalwa kuphela ngaphambi kokuba bafe,” kubika i-New England Journal of Medicine. Ngempela, isithiyo sokuqala singancishiswa ngokushintsha imikhuba enjengokudla, ukuphuza, ukulala, ukubhema nokuvivinya umzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, cabangela imikhuba yokuvivinya umzimba.

Imikhuba yokuvivinya umzimba. Ukuvivinya umzimba ngokulinganisela kuwusizo olukhulu. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Ukuvivinya Umzimba Okungakanani Nokuluhlobo Luni?”) Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukuvivinya umzimba okulula ekhaya kuyabasiza ukuba bathole amandla nobungqabavu asebekhulile, kuhlanganise ‘nomadala.’ Ngokwesibonelo, elinye iqembu labantu asebekhulile abaneminyaka engu-72 kuya kwengu-98 lathola ukuthi lingahamba lisheshe futhi likhuphuke izitebhisi kalula ngemva kokuvivinya umzimba ngokuphakamisa izinsimbi amasonto ayishumi. Lokho akusona isimanga! Ukuxilongwa okwenziwa ngemva kokuvivinya umzimba kwabonisa ukuthi amandla ezicubu zalabo bantu ayesephindeke kabili nangaphezulu. Elinye iqembu, elaligcwele abesifazane ababejwayele ukuhlala ndawonye abaneminyaka engafinyelela ku-70, lavivinya umzimba kabili ngesonto. Ngemva konyaka, base benemizimba eqatha, benamandla, bekwazi ukuzimelela futhi sebenamathambo aqinile. “Lapho siqala, sasesaba ukuthi bazolimala imisipha,” kusho isazi sokusebenza komzimba uMiriam Nelson, esenza lolu cwaningo. “Kodwa sathola ukuthi laba bantu baqina futhi baba nempilo.”

Lapho ifingqa imiphumela yokucwaninga kwesayensi okuningana mayelana nokuguga nokuvivinya umzimba, enye incwadi ithi: “Ukuvivinya umzimba kuthiya ukuguga, kunweba isikhathi sokuphila futhi kunciphisa isikhathi sokutetema esandulela ukufa.”

Imikhuba yokuvivinya ingqondo. Isisho esithi “Kuphakathi kokuthi uyakusebenzisa noma kuyaphupha” asisebenzi emisipheni yomzimba kuphela kodwa nasengqondweni. Nakuba ukuguga kuhambisana nokukhohlwa, ukucwaninga okwenziwa yi-U.S. National Institute on Aging kubonisa ukuthi ubuchopho bomuntu osekhulile buhlala buphapheme ngokwanele ukuba bubhekane nemiphumela yokuguga. Ngakho-ke, uprofesa wezinzwa uDkt. Antonio R. Damasio waphetha ngokuthi: “Abantu abadala bangaqhubeka benengqondo ekhaliphile nephapheme.” Yini eyenza ubuchopho babantu asebekhulile buhlale buphapheme?

Ubuchopho bunamangqamuzana, noma amangqamuzana ezinzwa, ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, namalunga ayizigidigidi awaxhumanisayo. La malunga anjengezintambo zocingo ezenza amangqamuzana obuchopho akwazi “ukukhulumisana,” ukuze phakathi kokunye agcine inkumbulo. Njengoba ubuchopho bukhula, amangqamuzana ezinzwa ayafa. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Iqiniso Elisha Ngamangqamuzana Obuchopho.”) Nokho, ubuchopho bomuntu osekhulile buyakwazi ukuvala isikhala samangqamuzana ezinzwa asefile. Uma ingqamuzana yenzwa ifa, omakhelwane bayo basabela ngokwakha amalunga amasha azowaxhumanisa namanye amangqamuzana ezinzwa futhi athathe umsebenzi wengqamuzana yenzwa efile. Ngaleyo ndlela, empeleni ubuchopho buthatha umsebenzi kwenye indawo buwudlulisele kwenye. Ngakho-ke, abantu abadala abaningi bafeza umsebenzi ofanayo odinga ingqondo njengentsha, kuphela nje bona bangase basebenzise izingxenye ezihlukile zobuchopho ukuze benze kanjalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ubuchopho bomuntu osekhulile busebenza njengomdlali wethenisi omdala, othi ngenxa yokuthi akasenalo ijubane abese esebenzisa amakhono okungenzeka umdlali osemusha akanawo. Nokho, nakuba esebenzisa amasu ahlukile kulawo asetshenziswa abadlali abasebasha, umdlali omdala usaphumelela.

Yini abantu asebekhulile abangayenza ukuze baqhubeke bephumelela? Ngemva kokuhlola abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-70 no-80, isazi se-gerontology uDkt. Marilyn Albert sathola ukuthi ukuvivinya ingqondo kungesinye sezici esinquma ukuthi yibaphi abantu asebekhulile abalondoloza ukukhalipha kwengqondo yabo. (Bheka ibhokisi elithi “Ukugcina Ingqondo Iphapheme.”) Ukuvivinya ingqondo kugcina ‘izintambo zocingo’ zobuchopho zisebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ochwepheshe bathi ukuwohloka kwengqondo kuqala “lapho abantu bethatha umhlalaphansi, bekhetha ukuthatha izinto kalula bethi abasenandaba nezinto ezenzekayo ezweni.”—Inside the Brain.

Ngakho-ke isazi se-gerontology uDkt. Jack Rowe sithi izindaba ezinhle ziwukuthi “izici esingazilawula noma esingazishintsha kufanele zithuthukise ikhono lethu lokukhula ngempumelelo.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukephuzi ukuthi uqale ukuba nemikhuba emihle. Umcwaningi othile uthi: “Ngisho noma ubunemikhuba emibi yempilo isikhathi eside sokuphila kwakho bese ushintsha kamuva, okungenani usengayithola eminye yemivuzo yendlela yokuphila enempilo.”

Indawo Ezungezile Yenza Umehluko

Uma intombazane ezalwe namuhla eLondon ibingathathwa iyiswe eLondon yangeNkathi Ephakathi, isikhathi obekungalindeleka ukuba isiphile besingaba ngaphansi kwesigamu sesikhathi okulindeleke ukuba isiphile manje. Lowo mehluko ubungeke ubangelwe ukushintsha ngokungazelelwe kwesimo esingokomzimba sale ntombazane, kodwa ubuyobangelwa ukushintsha ngokungalindelekile kwezithiyo ezimbili—indawo ezungezile nendlela yokwelashwa. Okokuqala, cabangela indawo ezungezile.

Indawo ezungezile. Esikhathini esidlule, indawo ezungezé umuntu—ngokwesibonelo, umuzi wakhe—yayiwusongo lwempilo olukhulu. Nokho, emashumini eminyaka amuva, izingozi ezibangelwa indawo ezungezile seziye zancipha. Ukukhucululwa kwendle okufanelekile, amanzi ahlanzekile nokuncipha kwamagciwane endlini kuye kwathuthukisa indawo umuntu ahlala kuyo, kwaqinisa impilo yakhe futhi kwandisa isikhathi sakhe sokuphila. Ngenxa yalokho, ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, umuntu useyakwazi manje ukuphila isikhathi esithé xaxa.c Nokho, ukunciphisa lesi sithiyo kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokufaka amapayipi amanzi endlini. Kuhilela ukulondoloza isimo esihle esingokwenhlalo nesingokwenkolo.

Ubudlelwane nabantu ophila nabo. Indawo ophila kuyo inabantu—ohlala nabo, osebenza nabo, odla nabo, okhulekela nabo nodlala nabo. Indawo ekuzungezile iyathuthuka uma ukwazi ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile; ngokufanayo, ubudlelwane onabo bungathuthuka uma unabangane obazisayo, uma sibala isici nje esisodwa esisemqoka. Ukukwazi ukuhlanganyela nabanye injabulo nosizi lwakho, izifiso nokukhungatheka, kunciphisa izithiyo zendawo ezungezile futhi kukwenze uphile isikhathi esithé xaxa.

Nokho, okuphambene nalokhu nakho kuyiqiniso. Ukungabi nabangane kungakwenza ube nesizungu futhi ungajabuli. Uyadangala uma kungekho muntu okubonisa ukuthi uyakukhathalela. Omunye wesifazane ohlala ekhaya lasebekhulile wabhalela umuntu ajwayelene naye: “Ngineminyaka engu-82 ubudala futhi sekuyiminyaka engu-16 ngihlala kuleli khaya. Basiphatha kahle, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ngiba nesizungu esikhulu.” Ngokudabukisayo, isimo salona wesifazane sifana nesabanye besifazane abaningi asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Ngokuvamile bahlala nabantu ababanakekelayo kodwa abangenandaba nabo. Ngenxa yalokho, uJames Calleja, we-International Institute on Ageing uthi: “Isizungu siphakathi kwezimo eziyinhloko ezihlale zisongela inhlalakahle yabantu asebekhulile emazweni asethuthukile.”

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ungase ungakwazi ukuqeda izimo ezikwenza ube nesizungu—njengokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngoba uphoqwa yisimo, ukuphela kwamandla omzimba, ukulahlekelwa abangane abadala noma ukufa komngane wakho womshado—kodwa kunezinyathelo osengazithatha ukuze unciphise lesi sithiyo ngezinga elithile. Okokuqala nje, khumbula ukuthi ukuba nesizungu akubangelwa ukukhula; ikhona ngisho nentsha enesizungu. Akukona ukukhula okubangela inkinga—kodwa ukuswela ubudlelwane. Yini ongayenza ukuze ulwe nokuzehlukanisa?

“Yenza abantu bakujabulele ukuba nawe,” kululeka omunye umfelokazi osekhulile. “Bambalwa abantu abajabulela ukuba nomuntu ohlale ekhononda. Kudingeka uzame ukuba umuntu ojabulayo. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi lokho kudinga umzamo, kodwa umzamo owenzayo uyokuzuzisa. Ikhotha eyikhothayo.” Uyanezela: “Ukuze ngiqiniseke ukuthi kunokuthile engingaxoxa ngakho nabantu engihlangana nabo, abasha noma abadala, ngizama ukwazi izindaba ezisematheni ngokufunda omagazini abanokwaziswa nokulalela izindaba.”

Naku okunye ukusikisela: Funda ukuba nesithakazelo kulokho abanye abakuthandayo. Buza imibuzo. Yiba ngophanayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ungenazo izinto ezibonakalayo, ungaphana ngawe ngokwakho; kunenjabulo ekupheni. Bhala izincwadi. Yenza umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa. Yamukela izimemo zokuvakashela abanye abantu noma ukushaywa umoya kanye nabo. Gcina ikhaya lakho lijabulisa futhi liheha izivakashi. Zenze utholakalele ukusiza abantu abadinga usizo.

Isimo esingokwenkolo. Sebubuningi ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi imisebenzi engokwenkolo isiza abantu abadala ukuba bathole “injongo ekuphileni” futhi babe “nenjabulo,” “bazizwe bewusizo,” “baneliseke ekuphileni,” futhi “bazizwe benobudlelwane futhi bephila kahle.” Ngani? Incwadi ethi Later Life—The Realities of Aging iyachaza: “Ukholo olungokwenkolo lunikeza abantu indlela yokuphila kanye nesimo sengqondo, izindinganiso nezinkolelo eziningi ezibasiza ukuba bakwazi ukuchaza nokuqonda izwe elibazungezile.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi engokwenkolo ihlanganisa abantu asebekhulile nabanye abantu, ngaleyo ndlela “inciphisa amathuba okuzehlukanisa nesizungu.”

KuLouise no-Evelyn, bobabili abangabafelokazi abaneminyaka engu-80 ubudala nabangamalungu ebandla loFakazi BakaJehova, lolu cwaningo lumane lufakazela lokho osekungamashumi eminyaka bekwazi. “EHholo LoMbuso,d ngiyakujabulela ukuxoxa nabanye, abadala nabancane,” kusho uLouise. “Imihlangano iyafundisa. Uma sixoxa nabanye ngemva kwemihlangano sihleka kuze kuvele elomhlathi. Yisikhathi esijabulisayo.” U-Evelyn naye uyazuza emisebenzini yakhe engokwenkolo. Uthi: “Ukuphuma ngiyoxoxa nomakhelwane ngeBhayibheli kungenza ngingazihlukanisi nabantu. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyangijabulisa. Ukusiza abanye ukuba bazi injongo yangempela yokuphila kuwumsebenzi owanelisayo.”

Kusobala ukuthi uLouise no-Evelyn banenjongo ekuphileni. Umuzwa wenhlalakahle olethwa yilesi simo unciphisa isithiyo sesibili—sendawo ezungezile—futhi ubasiza ukuba baqhubeke bekulo mjaho.—Qhathanisa neHubo 92:13, 14.

Kunendlela Yokwelashwa Engabizi Kodwa Enemiphumela Emihle

Intuthuko kwezokwelapha kuleli khulu leminyaka iye yasinciphisa kakhulu isithiyo sesithathu, sendlela yokwelashwa—kodwa hhayi emhlabeni wonke. I-World Health Report 1998 iphawula ukuthi emazweni amaningana ampofu, “iminyaka okulindeleke ukuba abantu bayiphile yancipha phakathi kuka-1975-1995.” Umqondisi-jikelele we-WHO waphawula ukuthi “namuhla abantu abathathu kwabane emazweni asathuthuka bafa ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka engu-50 ubudala—okwakuyinani lomhlaba wonke leminyaka okwakulindeleke ukuba abantu bayiphile eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule.”

Noma kunjalo, inani elandayo labantu abasha nabadala emazweni ampofu liyasinciphisa lesi sithiyo ngokusebenzisa usizo lwezempilo olutholakalayo nolungabizi. Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ngendlela entsha yokwelapha isifo sofuba (TB).

Emhlabeni wonke, i-TB ibulala abantu abangaphezu kwababulawa ingculaza, umalaleveva nezifo zasezindaweni ezishisayo zihlangene—abantu abangu-8 000 usuku nosuku. Iziguli ezingu-95 kweziyikhulu eziphethwe i-TB zihlala emazweni asathuthuka. Manje kunabantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-20 abaphethwe i-TB ebhidlangile, futhi ingase ibulale abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-30 eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, inani elilingana nelabantu baseBolivia, eCambodia naseMalawi behlangene.

Yingakho nje ngo-1997 i-WHO yayijabule lapho imemezela ukuthi ithole inqubo yokwelapha i-TB ngezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokulalisa umuntu esibhedlela noma ukwelapha ngobuchwepheshe. I-TB Treatment Observer, incwadi ye-WHO, yaphawula: “Ngokokuqala ngqá, izwe selinamathuluzi nezinqubo eziqinisekisiwe zokungaqedi umqedazwe we-TB emazweni acebile kuphela, kodwa nasemazweni ampofu kakhulu.” Le nqubo—abanye abayichaza ngokuthi “intuthuko enkulu kakhulu kwezempilo kuleli shumi leminyaka”—ibizwa ngokuthi i-DOTS.e

Nakuba le nqubo ibiza kancane kakhulu kunendlela yokwelapha i-TB evamile, inemiphumela emihle, ikakhulukazi kulabo abahlala emazweni asathuthuka. UDkt. Arata Kochi, umqondisi we-Global TB Programme ye-WHO, uthi: “Ayikho enye inqubo yokunqanda i-TB eye yaba nemiphumela emihle kangaka. I-DOTS yelapha abantu abangamaphesenti angu-95, ngisho nasemazweni ampofu kakhulu.” Ekupheleni kuka-1997, le nqubo ye-DOTS yayisisetshenziswa emazweni angu-89. Namuhla lelo nani selikhuphukile laya ku-96. I-WHO ithemba ukuthi le nqubo izofinyelela ezinye izigidi zabantu abampofu emazweni asathuthuka, ngaleyo ndlela ibenze bakwazi ukunciphisa isithiyo sesithathu kulo mjaho wokuphila.

Ngokushintsha imikhuba yakhe, athuthukise indawo ezungezile futhi athuthukise nendlela yokwelashwa, ngempela umuntu uye wakwazi ukwandisa iminyaka evamile yokuphila nesikhathi okulindeleke ukuba asiphile. Umbuzo uwukuthi, Ingabe ngolunye usuku umuntu uyokwazi ukuphila isikhathi eside—mhlawumbe aphile angabe esafa nhlobo?

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 6]

UKUVIVINYA UMZIMBA OKUNGAKANANI NOKULUHLOBO LUNI?

I-National Institute on Aging (NIA) ithi: “Kuwumgomo omuhle ukuvivinya umzimba ngokusesilinganisweni imizuzu engamashumi amathathu usuku ngalunye.” Kodwa akudingeki ukuba uvivinye umzimba imizuzu engu-30 ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuvivinya umzimba izikhawu ezintathu ezimfushane zemizuzu eyishumi kuthiwa kunenzuzo efanayo nokuvivinya umzimba ngesikhawu esisodwa semizuzu engu-30. Luhlobo luni lokuvivinya umzimba ongalwenza? Incwajana ye-NIA ethi Don’t Take It Easy: Exercise! itusa loku: “Ukunyakaza kancane, njengokuhamba ngezitebhisi esikhundleni sokuhamba ngekheshi noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo esikhundleni sokuhamba ngemoto, kungafana nokuvivinya umzimba imizuzu engu-30 ngosuku. Ukuhhala amahlamvu, ukudlala ngomfutho nezingane, ukulungisa ingadi ngisho nokwenza imisebenzi yasendlini konke kungenziwa ngendlela eyenezela ekuvivinyeni kwakho umzimba nsuku zonke.” Yiqiniso, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuba uqale uhlelo oluthile lokuvivinya umzimba.

[Isithombe]

Ukusebenza ngokulinganisela kungasiza asebekhulile ukuba bavuseleleke amandla nobungqabavu

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 7]

UKUGCINA INGQONDO IPHAPHEME

Ukucwaninga kwesayensi okwenziwa ezinkulungwaneni zabantu asebekhulile kwaveza ukuthi ziningana izici ezigcina ingqondo yomuntu osekhulile iphapheme. Zihlanganisa “ukufunda ngentshiseko, ukuvakasha, imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa, imfundo, amaqembu kaqedisizungu nezinhlangano zobuchwepheshe.” “Yenza izinto eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka ezihlukahlukene.” “Ungawuyeki umsebenzi. Ungawuthathi umhlalaphansi.” “Cisha i-TV.” “Funda ngokuthile.” Kukholelwa ukuthi imisebenzi enjalo ayivuseleli ugqozi nje kuphela kodwa ivuselela nengqondo.

[Isithombe]

Ukuvivinya ingqondo kuyigcina iphapheme

[Ibhokisi/Isithombe ekhasini 8]

AMACEBISO EMPILO KWASEBEKHULILE

I-National Institute on Aging, eyingxenye yoMnyango Wezempilo Nezinkonzo Zomphakathi e-United States, ithi “amathuba okuhlala uwumqemane futhi uphile isikhathi eside angathuthukiswa” ngokulandela izeluleko ezinengqondo, njengalezi ezilandelayo:

● Yidla ukudla okunomsoco, kuhlanganise nezithelo nemifino.

● Uma uphuza uphuzo oludakayo, linganisela.

● Ungabhemi. Akukephuzi ukuba uyeke.

● Vivinya umzimba njalo. Bonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo oluthile lokuvivinya umzimba.

● Xhumana njalo nabomndeni nabangane.

● Hlala umatasa ngokusebenza, ngokudlala noma ngokusebenzela umphakathi.

● Yiba nesimo sengqondo esiqondile ngokuphila.

● Yenza izinto ezikujabulisayo.

● Vakashela abezempilo njalo ukuze uhlolwe.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 9]

IQINISO ELISHA NGAMANGQAMUZANA OBUCHOPHO

“Sasicabanga ukuthi umuntu ulahlekelwa amangqamuzana obuchopho usuku nosuku kuzo zonke izingxenye zobuchopho,” kusho uDkt. Marilyn Albert, uprofesa wezifo zengqondo nesayensi yezinzwa. “Akunjalo neze—ayalahleka athile ngenxa yokukhula, kodwa hhayi kakhulu kangako, futhi alahleka ezindaweni ezithile kuphela zobuchopho.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwamuva nje lubonisa ukuthi ngisho nombono osekuyisikhathi eside siwukholelwa, wokuthi umuntu akabi nawo amangqamuzana obuchopho amasha, empeleni “uyihaba elikhulu,” kubika i-Scientific American ka-November 1998. Ososayensi bezinzwa bathi sebeqoqe ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi ngisho nakubantu abadala “kwakheka amakhulukhulu amangqamuzana ezinzwa amasha.”

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 11]

INGABE ABAKHULILE BAHLAKANIPHE KAKHULU?

“Akukho yini ukuhlakanipha phakathi kwasebebadala nokuqonda ebudeni bezinsuku?” kubuza iBhayibheli. (Jobe 12:12, NW) Ithini impendulo? Abacwaningi bahlola abantu asebekhulile ukuze bathole izimfanelo “ezinjengokuqonda, ukuhluzeka kwengqondo, umbono ofanele ngezinto nekhono lokuhlaziya izindinganiso eziphikisanayo nokusungula izindlela ezinhle zokuxazulula izinkinga.” Ngokwe-U.S.News & World Report, lolu cwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi “abantu abadala baphuma phambili njalo kunentsha kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuhlakanipha, banikeza iseluleko esinengqondo nesihlakaniphe kakhulu.” Ukucwaninga kubonisa nokuthi “nakuba kubathatha isikhathi eside abantu abadala ukwenza isinqumo kunentsha, ngokuvamile kuba isinqumo esingcono.” Ngakho-ke, njengoba incwadi yeBhayibheli kaJobe ibonisa, ngempela abakhulile banokuhlakanipha.

[Isithombe ekhasini 5]

Ukuphila komuntu kunjengomjaho ogcwele izithiyo

[Isithombe ekhasini 9]

“Yenza abantu bakujabulele ukuba nawe,” kululeka omunye umfelokazi

[Izithombe ekhasini 10]

“Ukusiza abanye ukuba bazi injongo yangempela yokuphila kuwumsebenzi owanelisayo.”—Evelyn

[Izithombe ekhasini 10]

“EHholo LoMbuso, ngiyakujabulela ukuxoxa nabanye, abadala nabancane.”—Louise