Idolobha Lephepha Eliyingqayizivele

KUNGENZEKA uyazibuza, ‘Kunedolobha elakhiwe ngephepha?’ Yebo likhona, kodwa akulona idolobha langempela, umfuziselo walo. Umfuziselo wedolobha lasePrague, inhloko-dolobha yaseCzech Republic, ugcinwe ePrague Municipal Museum. Wákhiwa ngu-Antonín Langweil, owachitha iminyaka engu-11 kulo msebenzi kusukela ngo-1826 kuya ku-1837, unyaka afa ngawo. Yini eyashukumisa uLangweil ukuba enze umsebenzi onzima kangaka?

ULangweil wazalwa ngo-1791 edolobheni lasePostoloprty, ezweni manje elaziwa ngokuthi iCzech Republic. Ngemva kokuphothula izifundo zendlela yokunyathelisa okuthiwa i-lithography e-Art Academy eVienna, e-Austria, wavula indawo yokuqala yokunyathelisa esebenzisa i-lithography ePrague. Nokho akabanga nayo impumelelo kwezamabhizinisi futhi leli bhizinisi lakhe lawa. Ngo-1826, ngenkathi ehambele umbukiso owawusePrague, wabona umfuziselo owenziwe ngosimende wedolobha laseParis, eFrance. Eshukunyiswe yilokhu, uLangweil wanquma ukwenza umfuziselo wePrague, esebenzisa amakhadibhodi nokhuni.

Nokho, okokuqala uLangweil wachitha iminyaka ebhala ngokucophelela imininingwane ephathelene nePrague. Wahamba kuyo yonke imigwaqo, enza imidwebo futhi ephawula izakhiwo, amabhentshi asepaki, imipheme, izithombe eziqoshiwe nezihlahla. Wenza ngisho nemigqomo ayeyibona ezindaweni ezithile, amafasitela aphukile, iladi elincike ngodonga negoqo lezingodo! Ngemva kwalokho waqala ukwakha umfuziselo wakhe, esebenzisa isilinganiso esingu-1:480. Ukuze anezele emalini encane ayeyithola, wayenza nemifuziselo yezindlu zezikhulu.

Ngo-1837, uLangweil wagula waphathwa isifo sofuba futhi washona ngo-June ngawo lowo nyaka, eshiya umkakhe namadodakazi amahlanu. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, umfuziselo wakhe wabekwa ePatriotic Museum, manje esibizwa ngokuthi uMnyuziyamu Wesizwe. Waya kanjani lapho? Ngo-1840, umka Langweil owayesengumfelokazi wawudayisela uMbusi uFerdinand l lo mfuziselo, owawuthenga wabe esewunikela ngesihle kulokho manje osekwaziwa ngokuthi umnyuziyamu wesizwe waseCzech Rebublic. Wafika usemabhokisini angu-9. Kamuva, umkhulumeli woMnyuziyamu weDolobha lasePrague, lapho manje lo mfanekiso ubekwe khona, wathi: “Umfuziselo owenziwa uLangweil wawungavamile ukubonwa ngekhulu le-19. Ngo-1891 wawungomunye wemibukiso kuyiProvincial Jubilee Exhibition. Ukuze kugujwe lesi senzakalo, kwachithwa imali eningi ulungiswa . . . Kusukela ngo-1905 lo mfuziselo wawusuyingxenye yezinto eziwumbukiso ezibonwa njalo eNational Museum’s Lapidarium.”

Intandokazi Yezazimlando

Umfuziselo kaLangweil owenziwe ngephepha uthandwa kakhulu. Njengoba ungamamitha angu-5,76 ubude kanye nangu-3,24 ububanzi, ufakwe ebhokisini lengilazi lokubukisa elilenga izibani eziningi ezincane ezikhanyayo. Leli “dolobha” libukeka lingokoqobo kangangokuba kungase kudingeke ukuba uzikhumbuze ukuthi umane nje ubona umfanekiso! Ngempela, ngasinye salezi zakhiwo ezincanyana ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili uLangweil wasakha ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, wabhala inombolo yendlu esakhiweni ngasinye. Wenezela izibani zomgwaqo, indawo okuhamba kuyo amanzi emvula namatshe okugandaya. Wathembeka nalapho enza amasonto namafasitela awo anemibala—kuhlanganise nalawo anezikhala noma aphukile. Izindlu ezazinokhonkolo oxebukile, umfuziselo wakhe wawubonisa izitini ezingaphansi. Wafaka noMfula iVltava, ogwingciza khona ePrague.

Namuhla, umfuziselo kaLangweil owenziwe ngephepha awugcini nje ngokuba ubuciko basemnyuziyamu obukhangayo kodwa ubuye ukhange abathandi bomsebenzi wobuciko nezazimlando ezifuna ukubona ukuthi iPrague ishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zedolobha zibukeka ngendlela ehlukile ngenxa yokwakhiwa kabusha kwezakhiwo nokuvuselelwa kwazo, ikakhulu ingxenye ehlala amaJuda nenye ebizwa ngokuthi iDolobha Elidala. Ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla, manje umfuziselo kaLangweil usuguqulelwe esithombeni sohlelo lwe-computer, oluvumela izivakashi ukuba zibone iPrague yango-1837 zisebenzisa i-computer.

Ngo-April 1837, uLangweil owayegula wacela ukuthi umfuziselo awenzile ubekwe kulokho okwakubizwa ngokuthi iPatriotic Museum, kodwa lowo mnyuziyamu awuzange uvume. Yeka ukuthi lokho kumelwe ukuba kwamdumaza kanjani! Nokho, ake ucabange nje ukube ubengavakashela emnyuziyamu namuhla noma “ehle enyuka” nePrague yakhe yakudala njengoba eyibuka kuyi-computer. Akungabazeki ukuthi ubengaba nomuzwa wokuthi umsebenzi wakhe awenza ngokucophelela okukhulu awubanga neze yize.

[Isithombe ekhasini 10]

U-Antonín Langweil

[Isithombe ekhasini 10]

Umfuziselo kaLangweil owenziwe ngephepha wedolobha lasePrague

[Isithombe emakhasini 10, 11]

Uma uwubukela eduze umfuziselo wephepha kaLangweil

[Imithombo Yesithombe ekhasini 10]

Page 10, Langweil: S laskavým svolením Národního muzea v Praze; pages 10 and 11, model photos: S laskavým svolením Muzea hlavního mesta Prahy