Udesiderius Erasmus

IZIFUNDO NEZINKOLELO ZAKHE

Ngenxa yokusazi kahle isiGreki nesiLatini, u-Erasmus wakwazi ukuqhathanisa izinguqulo zeBhayibheli zesiLatini, njenge-Vulgate yesiLatini, namakhophi esiGreki akudala emiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi iTestamente Elisha. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulazi iBhayibheli. Ngakho, wagomela ngokuthi imiBhalo Engcwele kufanele ihunyushelwe kwezinye izilimi ezazivamile osukwini lwakhe.

U-Erasmus wayegqugquzela ukuba iSonto LamaKatolika lishintshe ngaphakathi, ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi ubuKristu kufanele bube yindlela yokuphila, hhayi nje ukugcina amasiko angenanjongo. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho abashisekeli bezinguquko beqala ukubhikisha befuna kube nezinguquko ngaphakathi eSontweni LaseRome, amaKatolika asola yena.

Ngendlela esakubhuqa, ezincwadini zakhe u-Erasmus wadalula ukuxhaphaza kwabefundisi, ukuphila kwabo kokubukisa nokugaqela izikhundla kopapa ababehalalisela izimpi. Wayengavumelani nabefundisi abakhohlakele ababesebenzisa amasiko esonto​—njengokuvunywa kwezono, ukukhulekelwa kosanta, ukuzila ukudla nokuthathwa kohambo oluya ezindaweni ezingcwele—​ukuze basizakale ngabantu. Kwakunanemikhuba yesonto ayengavumelani nayo, njengokuthengiswa kwentethelelo yezono nemfuneko yokungashadi.

ITESTAMENTE ELISHA ELIBHALWE NGESIGREKI

Ngo-1516, u-Erasmus wakhipha uhlelo lokuqala lweTestamente Elisha eliyisiGreki—olwaluyikhophi yokuqala ngqa yemiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki enyathelisiwe. Enguqulweni yakhe, u-Erasmus wayenemininingwane echazayo futhi ehumushele imiBhalo YamaKristu YesiGreki esiLatinini ngendlela ehlukile kweye-Vulgate. Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, wayelokhu eyibukeza inguqulo yakhe, yagcina isihluke nakakhulu kuyi-Vulgate yesiLatini.

Enye yezindawo ezazihlukile, kwakungeyoku-1 Johane 5:7. Ukuze kusekelwe imfundiso kaZiqu-zintathu engekho emiBhalweni, kuyi-Vulgate kwakujobelelwe amazwi aziwa ngokuthi i-comma Johanneum. Ayethi: “Ezulwini, uBaba, uLizwi noMoya Ongcwele: futhi laba abathathu bamunye.” Nokho, u-Erasmus akawafakanga lawo mazwi ezinhlelweni zakhe ezimbili zokuqala zeTestamente Elisha ngoba awukho umbhalo wesandla wesiGreki owawunawo kuleyo ayeyihlolile. Kamuva isonto lamcindezela ukuba awafake ohlelweni lwakhe lwesithathu.

Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zeTestamente Elisha lika-Erasmus lesiGreki zasetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinguqulo ezingconywana zezilimi zaseYurophu. UMartin Luther, uWilliam Tyndale, u-Antonio Brucioli noFrancisco de Enzinas bazisebenzisa ukuze bahumushele imiBhalo YesiGreki ezilimini zesiJalimane, isiNgisi, isiNtaliyane neSpanishi.

U-Erasmus wayephila enkathini ebucayi yezinxushunxushu zenkolo, futhi abashisekeli beziNguquko abangamaProthestani babheka iTestamente lakhe Elisha eliyisiGreki njengeliwusizo olukhulu. Kwayena u-Erasmus abathile babembheka njengomshisekeli wezinguquko, kwaze kwaba yilapho inkathi yeziNguquko iqala ngempela. Ngaleso sikhathi, wenqaba ukuthatha uhlangothi ezimpikiswaneni ezinkulu zezimfundiso zenkolo ezaba khona. Ngokuthakazelisayo, eminyakeni engaphezu kweyikhulu edlule, isazi uDavid Schaff sabhala ukuthi u-Erasmus “wafa eyedwa, engazibandakanye naqembu. AmaKatolika ayengafuni ukumbheka njengomunye wawo, amaProthestani ayengeke akwazi.”