Ðe Afrika Ʋuwo Ƒoa Nu Nyateƒea?

Etso Nyɔ! ƒe nuŋlɔla si le Nigeria gbɔ

ESIME anyigbayeyedila Henry Stanley nɔ mɔ zɔm to Congo Tɔsisia dzi le ƒe 1876-77 me la, mete ŋu bu viɖe siwo le afima ʋuƒoƒowo ŋu nyuie o. Le eya kple ehati mɔzɔlawo ƒe susu nu la, nya ɖeka ko gblɔm ʋuawo le: aʋawɔwɔ. Ʋuƒoƒo si wose le didiƒe ɖaa la fia be aʋawɔla wɔadã aɖewo lé akplɔwo ɖe asi gbɔna yewo dzi dze ge.

Emegbe kura le ɣeyiɣi siwo me woɖe dzi ɖi hafi Stanley va kpɔe be woate ŋu aƒo ʋu agblɔ nya bubuwo tsɔ wu amekpekpe na aʋawɔwɔ ɖeɖeko. Stanley ŋlɔ nu tso ame aɖewo siwo nɔ Congo-tɔsisia to ŋu be: “Womedze elektrik nyagblɔdzesiwo zazã gɔme haɖe o gake nyatakaka mɔnu aɖe le wo si si wɔa dɔ pɛpɛpɛ nenema. Woƒe ʋu gã siwo woƒona le teƒeteƒewo la gblɔa nya na amesi nya ʋugbewo abe numegbe ene.” Stanley va kpɔe be ʋuƒolawo gblɔa nya geɖe wu esiwo aʋakpẽ alo kpẽ siwo kɔa to dzi na ame la gblɔna; ʋuwo ate ŋu agblɔ nya tɔxɛwo.

Gbedasi mawo te ŋu tsoa kɔƒe ɖeka me yia bubu me. Wote ŋu sea ʋu aɖewo ƒe ɖiɖi tso teƒe si gbɔ didi kilometa enyi va ɖo wuiɖekɛ, vevietɔ ne tɔdzizɔtikpo bablɛ si le tɔ dzi alo to dzie wole eƒom le le zã me. Ʋuƒola siwo le didiƒe ɖoa to sea ʋuƒoƒoa gɔme, eye wogblɔna gbedasiawo na ame bubuwo. Eŋlisitɔ mɔzɔla A. B. Lloyd ŋlɔ le ƒe 1899 me be: “Wona menya be wote ŋu ɖoa gbedasi ɖa tso kɔƒe ɖeka me yia bubu si gbɔ didi kilometa 161 kple edzivɔ me wòɖona le gaƒoƒo si medea eve o me, eye meka ɖe edzi be ate ŋu aɖo kaba wu nenema gɔ̃ hã.”

Ʋuwo gakpɔtɔ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le nyatakakawo ɖoɖoɖa me vaseɖe keke ƒe alafa 20 lia sia me ke. Agbalẽ si nye Musical Instruments of Africa si wota le ƒe 1965 me gblɔ be: “Wozã atumpaniwo abe telefon kple telegrafwo ene. Woɖoa gbedasi vovovowo ɖa—tsɔ ɖea gbeƒã vidzidzi, ku, kple srɔ̃ɖeɖewo; kamedefefewo, ɣeɖuɖuwo, fiaɖoɖo ƒe kɔnuwo; dziɖuɖu ƒe gbedasiwo, kple aʋawɔwɔ. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, amenya alo fefenyawoe ʋuawo gblɔna.”

Gake aleke ʋuawo ƒoa nui? Elektrik ƒe dɔwɔwɔ to telegrafkawo dzie wotona ɖoa gbedasiwo ɖe teƒe bubu le Europa kple teƒeteƒewo. Woɖoa dzesi tɔxɛ aɖe na nuŋlɔdzesi ɖesiaɖe ale be wote ŋu xlẽa nyaawo alo nyagbeawo ɖekaɖeka. Gake gbegbɔgblɔ si woŋlɔ menɔ Titina Afrikatɔwo si o, eyata ʋuawo megblɔa nyawo ɖekaɖeka o. Afrika-ʋuƒolawo zã mɔnu bubu aɖe.

Ʋu ƒe Gbe

Afrika-gbewo nyanyae nye nusi ana woate ŋu ase ʋu ƒe nyatakakawo gɔme. Gbeɖiɖi ƒomevi evee le Titina kple Ɣetoɖoƒe Afrika tɔwo ƒe gbegbɔgblɔ geɖe si—gbeɖiɖi si kɔkɔ alo esi bɔbɔ ye le nyayɔyɔ ɖesiaɖe ƒe nyakui si. Ne gbeɖiɖia trɔ ko ke nya la hã trɔ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, de ŋugble le Kele-gbe si wodona le Zaire ƒe nya si nye lisaka ŋu kpɔ. Ne wobɔbɔ gbe tsɔ yɔ nyakui etɔ̃awo katã la, nya la gɔme nyea “nyã alo fanya”; ne wobɔbɔ gbe hafi yɔ nyakui gbãtɔ eveawo eye wokɔ gbe dzi yɔ nyakui mamlɛa la, nya si wòfiae nye “ŋugbedodo”; ne wobɔbɔ gbe yɔ nyakui gbãtɔa eye wokɔ gbe dzi yɔ nyakui eve mamlɛawo la, egɔmee nye “aɖi.”

Gbeɖiɖi evee le Afrikatɔwo ƒe atikpoʋu si wotsɔ ɖoa gbedasiwo ɖa la si siwo nye gbe gã kple gbe vi. Nenema ke ne wole ʋu siwo wotsɔ agbadze fee zãm tsɔ le gbedasi ɖom ɖa la, wo ame evee wozãna ƒo ƒu ale be ɖeka gblɔa gbe gã eye evelia gblɔa gbe vi. Eyata ʋuƒola bibi ƒoa ʋua wòɖina abe alesi nyawo ɖina ne wole egblɔm kple nui ene tsɔ kaa nya tae. Agbalẽ si nye Talking Drums of Africa gblɔ be: “Ðeko gbe si wobe enye ʋugbe la sɔ kple ameawo ƒe gbe si wodona la pɛ.”

Ele eme baa be nya geɖe ƒe ɖiɖi kple nyakuiwo ɖi wo nɔewo le gbe si wotsɔ gbeɖiɖi eve gblɔna la me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me le Kele-gbe me la, ŋkɔnya siwo ade 130 ƒe ɖiɖi sɔ (gbeɖiɖia yia dzi zi eve) kple sango (fofo). 200 kple edzivɔ hã tɔ sɔ (gbeɖiɖia vaa anyi gakɔna) kple nyango (dada). Bene ʋuƒolawo nagatɔtɔ ame o la, wogblɔa nya siawo dea nya aɖewo me, eye wogblɔa nyagbe nyanyɛ kpui aɖe si ate ŋu aɖi le mɔ vovovo nu la kpena ɖe eŋu ale be esela nate ŋu anya nya si gblɔm wole.

Atikpoʋu Tsɔtsɔ Gblɔ Nyae

Atikpoʋu nye nyagblɔʋuwo dometɔ ɖeka si wotsɔ ati wɔe. (Kpɔ nɔnɔmetata si le axa 19.) Woɖea do ɖe atikpo me tsɔ wɔa ʋu mawoe. Womefe ayi ɖe eƒe nugbɔ eveawo o. Togbɔ be do evee le ʋu si le nɔnɔmetataa me si hã la, wo dometɔ geɖe nyea do didi ɖeka ko. Doa ɖeka nu ɖina sesĩe ne woƒoe; evelia ƒe gbe bɔbɔ ne woƒoe. Atikpoʋuwo ƒe kɔkɔme nyea meta ɖeka zi geɖe, gake wote ŋu nɔna kpuie abe meta afã ene alo wokɔkɔna meta eve. Woƒe kekeme te ŋu nyea sentimeta 20 va ɖo meta ɖeka hã.

Woƒoa atikpoʋu ɖe nu bubuwo ta tsɔ wu gbedasi ɖoɖoɖa tso kɔƒe ɖeka me yi bubu me ko. Cameroontɔ agbalẽŋlɔla Francis Bebey ƒo nu tso akpa si ʋu siawo wɔna le vuwɔfefewo me ŋu. Ne ƒuƒoƒo evea yina be yewoakpe le kɔƒea ƒe ablɔdzi la, vuwɔlagãwo ɖua ɣe ɖe atikpoʋuawo ƒe ɖiɖi dzi eye ʋuawo nɔa woƒe kafukafunyawo gblɔm. Ƒuƒoƒo ɖeka ƒe ʋu te ŋu ɖina be: “Vuwɔlagã, èkpe kple amesi de nuwò kpɔa? Amekae ate ŋu ate kame kpli wò, gblɔe na mí, ameka koŋ ye? Nugbagbe wɔnublanui siawo . . . susu be yewoate ŋu ana [luʋɔ] wɔnublanui aɖe si wole yɔyɔm be enye vuwɔlagã la naƒo wò . . . , gake ame aɖeke mate ŋu aɖu dziwò o.” Ʋuwɔla siwo le ame kemɛawo dome sea fewuɖunya siawo siwo wogblɔ vividodoɖenuŋutɔe gɔme eye woƒoa lodonya aɖe enumake tsɔ ɖoa eŋui be: “Fiẽvi la . . . fiẽvi la . . . edi be yealia ati gake amesiame susu be age. Gake fiẽvia ƒe ŋkume sẽ, mage tso atia me o ɖe, alia atia ayi keke eƒe tame ke, fiẽvi sia.” Ʋuawo yia edzi nɔa dzo dem ame me henɔa modzaka ɖem na ame le kamedeɣia katã.

Ʋu Siwo Ƒoa Nu Wu Ðesiaɖe

Ðonɖowo wɔa nusi gbɔ ema ŋu vie. Ʋu si kpɔm nèle le nɔnɔmetata si le ɖusime ƒe ŋkɔe nye dundun (ɖonɖo); enye Yorubatɔwo ƒe nyagblɔʋu nyanyɛ aɖe le Nigeria. Nugbɔ eve si wofe gbɔ̃ ƒe agbadze si wosia wòƒu ɖo lae le ʋu sia si le abe gaƒoƒofiatukpa ene la ŋu. Wode agbadzekawo nugbɔ eveawo dome. Ne wohe kaawo me la, lãyi si wofe ɖe ʋua ƒe nugbɔ hã me hena ale be gbeɖiɖi si woate ŋu aƒo la ate ŋu ade gbeɖiɖi vovovo enyi kple edzivɔ. Ʋuƒola bibi ate ŋu azã agblɔ eye wòatrɔ asi le gbeɖiɖia kple eƒe sesẽ ŋu le mɔ vovovo nu ale be wòaɖi abe amegbetɔ ƒe gbe gã kple gbe vi ene. Ʋuƒolawo te ŋu toa esia dzi ‘ɖoa dze’ kple wo tɔ bubuwo amesiwo hã te ŋu sea ʋugbea gɔme ahaƒoe.

Le May 1976 me la, Yoruba-fia aɖe ƒe fiasã me ʋuwɔlawo ɖe ʋuƒolawo ƒe ŋutete wɔnuku si le wo si wote ŋu zãa ʋuwo tsɔ gblɔa nyae la fia. Ame aɖewo nɔ nukpɔlawo dome siwo nɔ dalĩ dom na ʋuƒolawo ƒe tatɔ ale be eya hã ƒoa ʋu gblɔa nyaawo na ʋuwɔla ɖeka si le keke fiasã la ƒe akpa bubu ke. Ʋuwɔla la wɔna ɖe ʋua ƒoƒo dzi eye wònɔa yiyim tso afi yi afimɛ hewɔa nusianu si wobe newɔ la.

Mele bɔbɔe be woasrɔ̃ nyagbɔgblɔ to ʋuƒoƒo me o. Nuŋlɔla I. Laoye gblɔ be: “Yorubatɔwo ƒe ʋuƒoƒo nye aɖaŋu sesẽ drinya aɖe si sɔsrɔ̃ axɔ ƒe geɖe. Menye ʋua ƒoƒo kple eƒe ɖiɖi me koe wòle be ʋuƒola la nabi ɖo ko evɔ o, ke ele be eƒe tagbɔ nakɔ ɖe hakpanyawo kple dua ƒe ŋutinya hã ŋu.”

Togbɔ be Afrika-ʋuwo gawɔa akpa vevi aɖe le hadzidzi me hã la, womegazãa wo tsɔ gblɔa nya le ƒe ʋee siawo me abe alesi wowɔnɛ tsã ene o. Agbalẽ si nye Musical Instruments of Africa gblɔ be: “Nyagbɔgblɔ to ʋuƒoƒo me sɔsrɔ̃ sesẽ ŋutɔ; eyata aɖaŋu sia le bubum le Afrika.” Robert Nicholls, amesi bi ɖe nyatakakamɔnuwo me gblɔ kpee be: “Blemaʋugã siwo ɖina dea didiƒe kilometa geɖe eye woƒe dɔ koŋ enye be woatsɔ gbedasi ayii la gbɔna bubu ge kura.” Telefon zazãe nyo na ame akpa gãtɔ wu egbea.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 19]

Atikpoʋu

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 19]

Yorubatɔwo ƒe nyagblɔʋu