Nyateƒenya Siwo Ku Ðe Kristmas, Easter, Kple Ame Kɔkɔewo Katã ƒe Ŋkekenyui Ŋu

BIBLIA la fia be ƒe 33 1/2 ye Yesu xɔ esime wohee ɖe ati ŋuti le ƒe 33 M.Ŋ. ƒe adame ƒe gɔmedzedze le Yudatɔwo ƒe Ŋutitotoɖuɣi. Esia fia be ne míexlẽ ɣeyiɣia yi megbee la, wodzii le ƒea ƒe nuwuwu lɔƒo.

Romatɔ siwo nye trɔ̃subɔlawo ɖua Saturnalia ƒe azã si nye ɣe si dzi womate ŋu aɖu o ƒe dzigbezã anɔ abe ɣleti etɔ̃ le ema megbe ene. Aleke wòdzɔe be wotutu Yesu ƒe dzigbe yi ŋgɔe va December 25 dzi be wòasɔ kple ɣe ƒe dzigbezã si trɔ̃subɔlawo ɖuna busutɔe?

December ƒe ŋkeke siwo me zã dona kaba ɣesiaɣi la de aʋatsodzixɔse ƒe vɔvɔ̃ lãme na ɣesubɔlawo, amesiwo vɔ̃ be yewo ƒe mawu la le kuku ge. Wosia bosomikaɖiwo hedoa dzo gãwo be yewoatsɔ agbɔ agbe mawu si le dɔ lém lae. Ewɔ abe edzea edzi na wo ene. Le December 21 ƒe vuvɔŋɔli si kplɔnɛ me ɖo la, edzena abe ɖe ŋusẽ gaɖoa ɣemawu la ŋu esi ŋkekeawo le didim ɖe edzi ene.

Church Christmas Tap ɖe nu me be: “December nye trɔ̃subɔlawo ƒe azãɖuɣi ƒe ɣleti vevi aɖe, eye December 25 dzie vuvɔŋɔli me ƒe aglotutu dea dzi wu ɖesiaɖe. Ame aɖewo xɔe se be Roma ƒe bisiɔp ye tia Dec. 25 be wòanye Kristo ƒe dzigbe be woatsɔ ‘akɔ’ trɔ̃subɔlawo ƒe azãɖuɖuwo ‘ŋui.’ Nusi do tso emee nye alesi wotsɔ trɔ̃subɔlawo kple Kristotɔwo ƒe ŋkekenyuiwo bakae wòwɔ mo yaa si xexeame yɔna egbea be Kristmas.” Nyati la lɔ̃ ɖe edzi be: “Nyagbe ‘Kristmas’ medze le Biblia me o. Eye Ŋɔŋlɔawo mede se be woaɖu Yesu ƒe dzigbezã o.”

Mewɔ nuku o be mawuŋutinunyala Tertullian fa konyi be: “Mí amesiwo menya naneke le Sabatwo, ɣleti yeyewo, kple ŋkekenyui siwo dzi Mawu da asi ɖo kpɔ ŋu o la, míeɖua Saturnalia [kple trɔ̃subɔsubɔzã bubuwo] edziedzi fifia, míenaa nu mía nɔewo, . . . eye míeɖua lãmesẽfefezãwo kple azã bubuwo kple hoowɔwɔ.”

Papa Gregori I yi nu ƒoɖi sia wɔwɔ dzi. Natural History magazine gblɔ be: “Le esi teƒe be papa la naɖe amewo ƒe kɔnuwo kple dzixɔsewo ɖa la, ede se boŋ be woawɔ wo ŋudɔ. Ne ame aɖewo dea ta agu na ati la, le esi teƒe wòana woalãe aƒu anyi la, ekɔa eŋu na Kristo eye wòɖea mɔ na wo be woayi woƒe subɔsubɔa dzi.”

Womatsɔ Nyateƒe Kple Aʋatso Atsaka O

Ðe Mawu da asi ɖe tanana ƒe nuwɔna sia dzia? Kpɔ alesi Mawu xlɔ̃ nu eƒe dukɔe esime wòsusɔ vie woaɖo Kanaan si trɔ̃subɔlawo le la ɖa: “Kpɔ nyuie bena, . . . megabia woƒe mawuwo ta se agblɔ be: alesi dukɔ siawo le woƒe mawuwo subɔm la, nenema nye hã mawɔ o. Megawɔ alea na Yehowa, wò Mawu la o, elabena ŋunyɔnu, siwo katã Yehowa lé fui la, eya wowɔna na woƒe mawuwo.” (Mose V, 12:30, 31) Wogagbugbɔ nuxlɔ̃me ma ke gblɔ le Kristotɔwo ƒe Hela Ŋɔŋlɔawo me be: “Migazu amesiwo atsɔ kɔkuti tutɔ na dzimaxɔsetɔwo ti o! Elabena hadede kae le dzɔdzɔenyenye kple sedzimawɔmawɔ dome? Alo ƒomedodo kae le kekeli kple viviti dome? Alo aleke Kristo kple Belial asɔa? Alo gome kae li na xɔsetɔ kple dzimaxɔsetɔa?”—Korintotɔwo II, 6:14, 15.

Alakpamawu siawo kple wo subɔsubɔ ƒe nu kae nyɔa ŋu na Mawu ŋutɔŋutɔ? Saturn nye Romatɔwo ƒe ɣemawu si ŋu wotsɔa Saturnalia ɖuɖu dea bubui. Ðe wòdze be woade bubu ma eŋua? Simon Schama, si nye ŋutinyafialagã le Harvard Yunivɛsiti yɔe be enye “nuɖuɖu, nunono kple nugbegblẽwɔwɔ bubu ƒomeviwo katã ƒe aglotula.” Lear ƒe magazine yɔ ŋkekenyui la be “weinglotutu si xɔ ŋkɔ wu ɖesiaɖe le blemaxexeame.”

Ɣemawu si nye Mithra subɔsubɔ xɔ aƒe ɖe Asia katã. Amegbetɔŋutinusrɔ̃la Gabriel Seabrook gblɔ be enye “aʋawɔmawu si daa aŋutrɔ siwo wua ame kple dɔléle siwo womate ŋu ada o ɖo ɖe eƒe futɔwo dome le aʋagbedzi.”

Aztektɔwo zãa ʋu vevie ŋutɔ le woƒe ɣemawu subɔsubɔ me. Natural History ɖe nu me be “ne wometsɔ ame sa vɔe na ɣemawuwo o la, agbe ɖesiaɖe—kple mawuwo tɔ hã—aku.”

Ne èdzro azã sia ƒe dzɔtsoƒewo (Kpɔ aɖaka si le ete) me vɔ la, ɖewohĩ mawɔ nuku na wò o be adze kple Satana subɔlawo gakpɔtɔ dea bubu gã December 25 ŋu. San Francisco Chronicle si wota le ƒe 1991 ƒe December 21 lia dzi yɔ adzetɔ aɖe si nye trɔ̃subɔsubɔnuŋlɔla xɔŋkɔ aɖe ƒe nya si wògblɔ la be: “Enye míaƒe ŋkekenyui siwo ŋu míezãa míaƒe ŋusẽ geɖe ɖo la dometɔ ɖeka. Míenɔa ŋu zã bliboa katã.” Habɔbɔ si woyɔna be Mawunɔwo ƒe Nubabla me tɔ aɖe gblɔ be: “Míewɔa kɔnuwo fiana. . . . Míaƒe trɔ̃nuawo wɔa vivimefefe tso ɣe ƒe vidzidzi ŋu.”

Ðe Mawu alo Via ada asi ɖe bubu ma si ɖea alakpamawuwo subɔsubɔ fiana la dzia?

Easter—alo Astarte ye Wònyea?

Ƒome ƒe ŋkekenyuiɖuɖu sia dzea egɔme le ŋdikanya ne wofɔ be yewoatsɔ mawuvɔvɔ̃ ƒe bubu ado gbe na ɣe si dze la. Ðeviwo doa atsyɔ̃wu yeye nyuitɔ kekeake heɖɔa kuku yeyewo. Nusiwo wotsɔna ɖua azã lae dometɔ aɖewoe nye fɔmiziwo ƒe dzesiwo, kusi siwo me wode koklozi siwo wode amae, kple akpɔnɔ vivi dzodzoe siwo dzi wota atitsoga ɖo. Easter ye wòanye. Alo eyae wònyea?

Adame nye ɣeyiɣi kɔkɔe na Phoenisiatɔ siwo tsɔ gbɔdɔdɔ wɔ mawui nɔ subɔsubɔm. Woƒe vidzidzi ƒe mawunɔ si nye Astarte, alo Ishtar (Helatɔwo ƒe mawunɔ si nye Aphrodite) ƒe dzesiwoe nye koklozi kple fɔmizi. Ʋu kple gbɔdɔdɔ ƒe agbegbegblẽnɔnɔ meɖia kɔ nɛ o. Wowɔa eƒe kpetata vovovowo vidzinu lolowo nɔa esi eye wòléa koklozi ɖe asi eye fɔmizi nɔa exa. Gbolowɔwɔ kɔkɔe nye eƒe subɔsubɔ ƒe akpa aɖe. Le Kanaan la, woyɔ gbɔdɔdɔ ƒe mawunɔ be enye Baal srɔ̃. Wotsɔa gbɔdɔdɔ ƒe aglotutu si me wonoa aha muna le vlevlevle dea bubu eŋui, eye eƒe subɔlawo xɔe se be yewoƒe gbɔdɔdɔ nana lɔlɔ̃ nyɔna ɖe Baal kple srɔ̃a dome eye wodɔna. Agbalẽ si nye Recent Discoveries in Bible Lands gblɔ be, “vidzidzimawunɔ siwo ɖe amama ƒe kpetata gbogbowo megale dukɔ bubu aɖeke me wui o, eye wokpɔ wo dometɔ aɖewo siwo nyɔ ŋu ale gbegbe.”

Wokpɔ ze dzeani aɖewo siwo me ɖevi suewo siwo ƒe ƒuwo woƒo dzoe nɔ le ŋkuɖodzixɔ siwo wotu nɛ le Carthage la te. Wo dzilawo, siwo nyea ame ŋkutawo zi geɖe la dia yayrawo tso mawuawo gbɔ ɖe woƒe kesinɔnuwo kple gãnyenye dzi. Wokpɔ ɖevi geɖe siwo xɔ ƒe vovovowo, siwo ɖewohĩ wotso ƒome ɖeka ma ke me la ƒe ƒuwo le zeawo dometɔ aɖewo me.

Ŋkuléle ɖe aɖaka si le etame ŋu afia alesi wotrɔ asi le blemakɔnu siawo ŋu wòsɔ ɖe egbegbe tɔwo nu siwo nya kpɔna dzea sii bɔbɔe. Ŋkɔ Easter gɔ̃ hã meto vovo boo tso blema trɔ̃subɔsubɔŋkɔ gbɔ o. Ekema mɔ sia dzie woato ade bubu Mawu ƒe Vi kɔkɔe la ŋua?

Ame Kɔkɔewo Katã ƒe Ŋkeke—Zã si me Ŋɔdzi Nɔ le Blema

Ɣemaɣie nye October ƒe zã mamletɔ. Esi ɣleti nɔ ɖiɖim la, ame ʋee aɖewo siwo do blematɔwo ƒe awu la nɔ aƒewo me yim tsɔ ŋɔdzidoname nɔ nu biamee. Trego siwo wotsɔ kpa ametae siwo ɖo adã, siwo me bosomikaɖi—siwo wotsɔ amemi wɔe le xɔxɔm le nɔ ʋɔtru aɖewo nu dzɔm. Ameʋu nɔ gegem toŋtoŋ le ʋɔtruti aɖewo nu. Enye Samhain, si nye Celttɔwo ƒe ame kukuwo ƒe aƒetɔ ƒe zã.

Ðewohĩ Satana medea bubu eɖokui ŋu gaglã heɖoa ŋku eyomedzela siwo ku dzi alea gbegbe le azãɖuɖu “si dzi wotsɔ Kristo ƒe ŋkɔ da ɖo” bubu aɖeke me wu esia o. Agbalẽŋlɔla J. Garnier gblɔ be woate ŋu ado fukpekpe kple ku ƒe azãwo ɖuɖu gɔme be wodzɔ tso alesi wowu eyomedzela siwo nye amegbetɔwo katãe le blema hekpe ɖe mawudɔla siwo ge ƒe dzidehlɔ̃mevi tsɔtsrɔ̃ ŋu le Tsiɖɔɖɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣia me. Ame kukuwo ƒe azãwo le xexeamedukɔwo katã si, “si wo katã woɖuna le ŋkeke si Mose ƒe nuŋlɔɖia gblɔ be Tsiɖɔɖɔ va la dzi, alo woɖunɛ le ŋkeke ma dzi lɔƒo, si nye ɣleti evelia ƒe ŋkeke wuiadreliagbe—esi nye ɣleti si sɔ kple míaƒe November kloe.”—The Worship of the Dead si J. Garnier ŋlɔ.

Celttɔwo ƒe Nunɔlawo hã ɖunɛ. Le October 31 dzi la, wogblɔ be Samhain ɖea asi le ame kukuwo ƒe gbɔgbɔwo ŋu be woayi agbagbeawo dome. Nunɔla siawo tsɔa gomekaɖiwo tsana le ablɔwo dzi, eye ne woge ɖe aƒe aɖe me la, wobiaa ga be wòanye nunana na Satana.

Ame Kukuwo Katã ƒe Ŋkeke nye Satanasubɔsubɔ ƒe ŋkeke vevi aɖe si dzi wowɔa kɔnuwo le. USA Today ƒe nyati aɖe gblɔ be: “Enye mawusubɔsubɔ ƒe ŋkekenyui aɖe na tsiẽƒexexeame, si dzi satanasubɔlawo saa vɔ le eye adzewo tsɔa togodogbedodoɖa alo ame kukuwo ƒe nuɖuɖu ɖua ŋkeke la le ɖoɖoezizi gã me.” Eyɔ nya siwo adzetɔ Bryan Jordan si le Washington gblɔ la be: “[Kristotɔwo] mekpɔe dze sii o, gake wokpe ɖe mía ŋu míele míaƒe ŋkekenyui ɖum. . . . Edzɔa dzi na mí.”

Dzilawo, ɖe miedi be yewo viwo nasrɔ̃ kɔnu vɔ̃ siawoa?

[Aɖaka si le axa 12]

Kristmas ƒe Dzesiwo

“Kadodo gobii aɖeke mele” Blunyati “kple Kristotɔwo ƒe azãɖuɖu dome o gake kadodo deŋgɔ le woa kple trɔ̃subɔsubɔkɔnu siwo wowɔna le vuvɔŋɔli me ƒe ʋiʋli ŋusẽtɔe be yeakpɔtɔ anɔ anyi le ƒe akpe geɖewo me la dome.” (The Boston Herald) “Ati siwo ŋu wotsi atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo ɖo nye trɔ̃subɔsubɔ ƒe azãwo ƒe akpa aɖe ƒe alafa geɖe.”—Church Christmas Tab.

Ati aɖe si woyɔna be holly bɔ ɖe Celttɔwo gbɔ si “wotsɔna léa avu aƒeme gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo le vuvɔŋɔli ƒe ɣletiwo me. . . . Ate ŋu axe mɔ na gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo, akpe ɖe ame ŋu le drɔ̃e gɔmeɖeɖe me, akpɔ aƒe ta tso dzikedzo si me.”—Beautiful British Columbia.

Ati aɖe si woyɔna be mistletoe “dzɔ tso Celt-nunɔlawo gbɔ le England, amesiwo zãe le gbɔgbɔ vɔ̃wo kple gbɔgbɔyɔŋusẽ ƒe subɔsubɔ tɔxɛ me.”—Church Christmas Tab.

Le December 25 lia dzi la, “Mithra-subɔlawo ɖua Mithra ƒe dzigbeŋkeke . . . Biblia ƒe akpa aɖeke kura meda asi ɖe December 25 dzi be enye Yesu Dzigbe o.”—Isaac Asimov.

Nunana ame nye Saturnalia ƒe akpa aɖe. “Wodi tso asiwò le ŋkekenyui sia dzi be nàna nane wò xɔlɔ̃wo katã.”—Ancient Italy and Modern Religion.

“Wodea ta agu na” ɣletivi “si le atia tame le Ɣedzeƒe abe kɔkɔenyenye, dɔmenyonyo kple ŋutifafa si nɔ anyi ƒe 5,000 do ŋgɔ na Kristo dzidzi ƒe dzesi ene.”—United Church Herald.

“Menye Kristotɔwo ƒe gbedoxɔ . . . mee” bosomikaɖi “dzɔ tso o.” Altario si nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ nɛ xoxoxo dzie míexɔe le, esi nye Celttɔwo ƒe Nunɔlawo ƒe altario si wotsɔ ati si nye oak kpae.

Ðe wofi Santa “tso blema Germaniatɔwo ƒe glitoto me: ‘Thor nye ame tsitsi kakoo si doa nukokoe na ame si me xɔlɔ̃wɔwɔ le eye wòɖo ge ɣi ʋlaya. Edoa tasiaɖam eye wogblɔ be Anyiehenyigba dzie wònɔna . . . Dzo nye eƒe akpa aɖe, eye eƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe amadede le dzĩe. Dzokpo si le aƒe ɖesiaɖe me nye nu kɔkɔe nɛ, eye wogblɔ be etoa do si me adzudzɔ tona dona la me gena ɖe dzoa me.’”—United Church Herald.

[Aɖaka si le axa 13]

Adamekɔnuwo

“Le gɔmedzedzea me la,” Easter “nye azã si woɖuna le adame tsɔ dea bubu Teutontɔwo ƒe kekeli kple adame ƒe mawunɔ si wonya nyuie le Anglo-Saxon be enye Eastre la ŋui.” (The Westminster Dictionary of the Bible) Womegblɔ Easter ƒe ŋkekenyuiɖuɖu ƒe nya aɖeke le Nubabla Yeyea me o.”—Encyclopædia Britannica.

Fɔmizi “ye kplɔa Germaniatɔwo ƒe mawunɔ Ostara yia nugbee.”—Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend.

“Wogblɔ be wodea ama” kokloziwo “heɖunɛ le adameŋkekenyuiwo dzi le blema Egipte, Persia, Hela, kple Roma.”—Celebrations.

Le gɔmedzedzea me la, Easter-kukuwo “nye seƒoƒowo alo aŋgbawo ƒe seƒoƒotsihe. Alesi wòle nogoe alo eƒe kukua fia ɣe si le nogo kple etoƒe le dziƒo si wɔnɛ be adame trɔna gbɔna.” Woto Easter-wu yeyewo dodo vɛ elabena “wobui be enye amemabumabu kple dzɔgbevɔ̃e be woanɔ awu xoxowo me ado gbe na Scandinaviatɔwo ƒe Adamemawunɔ, alo Eastre, elabena mawunɔ la ŋutɔ tsɔ awu yeye aɖe nɔ ɖoɖom ɖe anyigba dzi.”—The Giant Book of Superstitions.

Abolo dzodzoe siwo dzi wota atitsoga ɖo: “Abe Helatɔwo ene la, Romatɔwo ɖua abolo siwo dzi wota atitsoga ɖo . . . le dutoƒovɔsawo me.” Saxontɔ siwo nye trɔ̃subɔlawo ɖunɛ tsɔ dea bubu Easter ŋui.—Encyclopœdia Britannica.

Ɣe ƒe dzedze sɔlemewɔwɔ sɔ kple kɔnu siwo “wowɔna le adame tsɔ doa dzaa na ɣe lae kple eƒe ŋusẽ gã la be wòana agbe yeye numiemiewo katã.”—Celebrations.

[Aɖaka si le axa 14]

Teƒe Dziŋɔ Siwo Ame Kɔkɔewo Katã ƒe Ŋkeke Dzɔ Tso

Amemowo kple blemanudodowo: “Celttɔwo naa nuɖuɖu, nunono kple dzidzɔdonu bubuwo gbɔgbɔwo eye woblea wo nu be woadzo le agbagbeawo dome to amemowo kple blemanuwo dodo me eye wobɔa asaɖa yia kɔƒea ƒe gbɔto.”

Gaglãgbedzododowo nye “dzo si wodona ŋutɔŋutɔ” si me “trɔ̃nuawo dzea agbagba be yewoalé avu ɣemawua le esime wotsɔa lãwo, kple zi geɖe la, amewo hã saa vɔe le.” (The Tampa Tribune) “Ne Celtɔwo ƒe nunɔlawo kpɔ alesi lã siwo wotsɔ sa vɔe le kukumee la, wokaa afa be yewoanya nusi gbɔna dzɔdzɔ ge.”—Beaumont Enterprise.

Amefuflu alo dzidzɔdonu: “Celtɔwo ƒe Nunɔlawo ƒe ɣlidodo sɔ kple egbegbe ƒe nu si ɖeviwo wɔna tsɔ biaa nui si woyɔna be ‘Amefuflu alo Dzidzɔdonu.’”—Central Coast Parent.

Ŋutinya dziŋɔwo: “Wodoa Celt-nunɔlawo ƒe kɔnu siwo me wozãa ʋu le ɖe ŋgɔ le ɖeviwo ƒe susu hehe yi ŋɔliwo kple gbɔgbɔwo dzii me. . . . Ame kɔkɔewo katã ƒe ŋkeke ƒe kplɔ̃ɖoɖowo kple ŋutinya dziŋɔwo gbɔgblɔ hã dzɔ tso Celt-nunɔlawo ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me esime woxɔe se be gbɔgbɔwo nɔa tsatsam le anyigba dzi.”—The Tampa Tribune.

Togbɔ be trɔ̃subɔsubɔ mee ŋkekenyui siawo dzɔ tso hã la, ame aɖewo atsi tre ɖe dzidzɔ si le egbegbe azãɖuɖuwo me la tete ɖeviwo ƒe susu la ŋuti. Nukae ɖevi siwo wofia nui nya tso blema Saturn, Astarte, kple Samhain ŋu? Nu ʋee aɖewo koe wo dometɔ aɖewo nya le wo ŋu. Wonya hã be yewomele woƒe akpa aɖeke dim o.

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 12]

Mithra

Thor

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Mithra: Musée du Louvre, Paris

Thor: The Age of Fable si T. Bulfinch ŋlɔ, ƒe 1898

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 13]

Astarte

[Nɔnɔmetata Tsoƒe si le axa 14]

Ametakoli: U.S. Forest Service photo