Atamawɔhawo Tsi Dzoya Me
NYATAKAKA aɖe si dze le July 26, 1995 ƒe The New York Times me gblɔ be, “Ʋɔnunyadzikpɔƒea ɖi ʋɔnu gã aɖe le New York be yewoadzro nu me akpɔe ɖa be alakpae atamawɔhawo da na Dukɔa ƒe amesiwo léa ŋku ɖe sigaret me nuwo kple nusi wogblẽna le ame ŋu ŋuti hã. Anɔ eme be ʋɔnunyadzikpɔƒea agakpe ta ɖe afisia zi evelia adzro eme akpɔ ne adzɔhawo ƒe amegãwo ble Sewɔtakpekpea le atamamenuwo ŋu.”
Nuka dzie wonɔ te ɖo le esia wɔm? Nyatakaka la kɔ eme. Le April 1994 me la, atamawɔha gã adre siwo le United States ƒe amegãwo ka atam tsɔ ɖo kpe nya dzi le Sewɔtakpekpea ƒe kɔmitia ŋkume be “yewomeka ɖe edzi be nicotine zazã mãa ame, be sigaret hea dɔléle vɛ alo be yewoƒe adzɔhawo trɔ asi le nicotine si wodea atamanuwo me ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu o.”
Woklo nu le wo dzi le ema megbe—woƒe fɔmaɖimaɖinyawo me gblẽ—esime le June 1995 me la, woke ɖe nuŋlɔɖi akpe eve siwo ɖo kpe nyaa dzi ŋu. Nuŋlɔɖi siawo ɖee fia be atamaŋunumekulawo tsɔ ƒe 15 sɔŋ wɔ numekuku le ŋusẽ si nicotine “me nuwo” kpɔna ɖe ŋutilã, ahɔhɔ̃, kple sigaret-nolawo ƒe nɔnɔme dzii ŋu. Ðk Victor DeNoble si nye dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala si kua nu me tsã la ƒo nu tso nusi tututu ŋu numekukua ke ɖo ŋuti be: “Adzɔha la va nɔ dzesi demee be yewoate ŋu aɖe tar dzi akpɔtɔ, gake yewoadzi nicotine ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi, eye sigaret-nola agakpɔ ŋudzedze ɖe eŋu kokoko. Le woƒe numekukua katã megbe la, wokpɔe be menye ɖeko nicotine naa modzeanyi alo na dzo ɖoa ame me ko o, ke vevietɔ enɔ nu gblẽm le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu, eye be amewo le atama nom be wòagblẽ nu le ahɔhɔ̃a ŋu.”
The New York Times gblɔ be adzɔhawo ƒe numekukuwo ɖee fia be “sigaret ƒomevi kae amewo ɖano o, wote ŋu kpɔa nicotine agbɔsɔsɔ si wodina la le eme to eyɔyɔ sesĩe, dzudzɔa léle ɖe nume ɣeyiɣi didi, alo sigaret geɖe nono me.” Adzɔhawo ƒe numekulawo te kpɔ be yewoawɔ sigaret siwo me tar mesɔ gbɔ le fũ o si me nicotine agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ le be wòana enola nakpɔ dzidzeme.
Nuŋlɔɖiawo gaɖee fia be atamadɔwɔƒea ɖe ɖetsɔleme vevie fia ɖe eƒe asisiwo ŋu. Kɔledzidelawo dome koŋue wòwɔ eƒe numekukua le hena ƒe 15 kple edzivɔ. Wobia gbe amesiwo dome ƒe-14-vi sigaret-nolawo hã nɔ le Iowa-du aɖe me le woƒe sigaretnono ŋu.
Wobu numekuku ŋuti nuŋlɔɖi siawo siwo dze go la be ede senyala siwo wɔ ɖeka le ame bubuwo katã teƒe tsɔ nya ɖe atamadɔwɔƒe adre ŋu la dzi ŋutɔ. Wotso atamadɔwɔƒewo nu be womedi be amewo nanya alesi nicotine zazã mãa amee o eye wotrɔa asi le nicotine ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ŋu be ezazã namã ame geɖe. Senyala aɖe gblɔ be ʋɔnunyamedzroha aɖeke mele xexeame si axɔe se be modzakaɖeɖe ta koe adzɔha siawo nɔ numekuku sia wɔm o.
Esi dzoya la nu le sesẽm ɖe edzi le dukɔ deŋgɔwo me ta la, dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me koŋue dzudzɔa gale tutum le wu. Ƒe 40 enye sia la, nyɔnuwo katã kloe menoa atama le Dziehenutowo, alo dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me o, eye ŋutsu 20 le alafa me koe nonɛ. Gake egbea nyɔnuwo katã ƒe akpa 8 le alafa me kple ŋutsuwo katã dometɔ 50 le alafa me siwo le dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me la nye sigaret-nolawo—eye xexlẽme ma gale dzi yim. Numekulawo gblɔ be: “Dzudzɔa tu ɖo ta Dziehe.”
Nyɔ! ƒe Nuŋlɔla Ka Nya Ta le Nɔnɔmea Ŋu
Míaƒe nuŋlɔla si le Brazil ƒo nu tso alesi nɔnɔmea le le Dziehenutome ŋu. Numekuku si wowɔ le adzɔnuwɔdukɔwo me gaɖe afɔku si vɔ̃ɖi wu si me sigaret-nola le la fia. Egblẽa nu le ame ŋu. Xexeame ƒe Lãmesẽhabɔbɔ (WHO) ka nya ta be: “Dukɔ siwo de dzesi nyanya nana amewo ƒe vevienyenye ŋutɔŋutɔ la va le ekpɔm fifia be sigaretnono dzi le ɖeɖem kpɔtɔ.” Panos si nye nyatakaha le London la gblɔ kpe ɖe eŋu be: “Le Anyiehenutome la, womegalɔ̃na be woano sigaret le aƒe geɖe me, dugbadzawo dzi kple dɔwɔƒe o,” eye ame geɖe va de dzesii fifia be “sigaretnono ate ŋu awu yewo.” “Atamadɔwɔƒewo ɖo ta Dziehenutome.”
Nusi to vovo le Dziehenutomee nye be, asi yeye ɖoɖo le bɔbɔe abe sigaret-goe nu ʋuʋu ene. Le atamadɔwɔƒewo gome la, dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me nɔnɔmewo dzroa ame ŋutɔ. Womeɖo asi boblododo sigaretnono dzi le dukɔ madeŋgɔ 4 dometɔ 3 me o, eye le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, ame geɖe menya afɔku siwo le sigaretnono me o. Panos de dzesii be: “Amewo menya afɔkuawo o elabena womegblɔe na wo o.”
Be woable ɖetugbiwo—amesiwo atamadɔwɔƒewo tɔ ŋkui vevie dometɔ ɖeka—nu ne woadze sigaretnono gɔme la, boblododowo “na sigaretnono dzena abe nu vivi dzroame si nyɔnu ɖokuisinɔlawo wɔna ene.” Atama ŋu boblododowo de sɔsɔ ge kple alesi wònɔ le dukɔ siwo me wowɔa wo le ƒe 50 siwo va yi me. Boblododoawo kpɔ dzidzedze le ɣeyiɣi mawo me. Agbalẽ aɖe gblɔ be eteƒe medidi hafi nyɔnu 1 le 3 dome “tsɔ dzo ɖe sigaretnono ŋu abe alesi ŋutsuwo wɔnɛ ene” o.
Egbea asitsatsa akpasesẽtɔe si me wogade dzoe ɖe nyɔnu siwo mele ŋudzɔ o ŋu le dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me na kakaɖedzi mí be ƒe 1920-awo kple ƒe 1930-awo me boblododo ƒe “dzidzedzekpɔkpɔ” sia agato kpuie. Eyata dzɔgbevɔ̃e si le emee nye be nyɔnuvi miliɔn geɖe siwo le xexeame ƒe dukɔ siwo da ahe wu me la le nusi eteƒekpɔla aɖe ɖɔ be enye “nyɔnuvi dzetugbe siwo dze nicotine zazã gɔme kaba” la zuzu ƒe afɔku me fifia.
Amesiwo Koŋ Wotɔ Ŋkui
Togbɔ be nyɔnuwo le amesiwo atamadɔwɔƒewo tɔ ŋkui vevie dome hã la, sɔhɛwo koŋue wotɔ ŋkui wu. Nutata ɖikokoewo tsɔtsɔ do bobloe kple sigaret si wota ɖe fefenuwo ŋu le edzi dzem, eye nenema kee nye alɔdodo kamedefefewo hã.
Magazine si nye Panoscope ka nya ta be le China la, ɖevi “gbogbo aɖewo va le sigaret nom.” Ƒe 12 vaseɖe 15 viwo dometɔ 35 le alafa me kple ƒe 9 vaseɖe ƒe 12 viwo dometɔ 10 le alafa me noa sigaret. Folha de S. Paulo si wotana gbesiagbe ka nya ta be le Brazil la, wobu akɔnta be ɖevi miliɔn ewo nye sigaret-nolawo. Ðe womenya be afɔkuwo le eme oa? Rafael si nye Brazil-ŋutsuvi si xɔ ƒe 15 eye wònoa sigaret-go ɖeka kple afã gbesiagbe la gblɔ be: “Menya be afɔku le sigaretnono me, gake enyo ŋutɔ.” Nuka gbɔe ɖekematsɔleme ƒe susu sia tso? Panos ka nya ta be: “Ne mede ɖeke o hã la, ɖevi 4,000 bubuwo dzea sigaretnono gɔme gbesiagbe.”
Atamadɔwɔƒewo ɖoa adzɔnuawo ƒe ɖewo ɖe Dziehenutome eye tar kple nicotine le wo me wu esiwo wodzrana le Anyiehenutome. Nusita wowɔe nenema la dze ƒã. Atamadɔwɔƒe aɖe ƒe amegã gblɔ ƒe aɖewoe nye sia be: “Mevenam be míezãa nicotine o. Eyae na dɔa kpɔa dzidzedze. Eyae hea amewo wonɔa eƒeƒle dzi.” Ewɔa dɔ nyuie. Netherlandgbe me agbalẽ si nye Roken Welbeschouwd (Sigaretnono—Wobu Nuwo Katã Ŋu Kpɔ) ɖo kpe edzi be: “Le nicotine ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe wo me ta la, ezazã mãa ame kaba, eye esia na wodzranɛ geɖe wu to agbɔsɔsɔ ma siwo le eme dzi ɖeɖe vivivi me.”
Panos ƒo eta be: “Atamadɔwɔƒewo bua Dziehenutome be enye nudzraƒe si ana dɔwɔƒeawo nayi dɔ dzi.”
Àno Sigaret loo alo Ànɔ Agbe Didi Wua?
Ne dukɔ madeŋgɔ mee nèle la, nukae nàwɔ? Nyateƒeawo dze keŋ. Do ŋgɔ na ƒe 1950 la, ame ʋee aɖewo koe sigaretnono me dɔlélewo wuna, gake egbea sigaretnono me dɔlélewo wua ame miliɔn ɖeka ƒe sia ƒe le Dziehenutome. Gake Xexeame ƒe Lãmesẽhabɔbɔa xlɔ̃ nu be kaka ƒe blaetɔ̃ nava yi la, amesiwo sigaretnono wuna ƒe sia ƒe le dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me ƒe xexlẽmea adzi ɖe edzi aɖo miliɔn adre. Nya si to vovo na esi atama ŋu boblododowo gblɔna na wòe nye be, sigaret wua ame ŋutɔŋutɔ.
Ðe nèbe yenya be afɔkuwo le emea? Enyo ŋutɔ, gake nuka nàtsɔ sidzedze ma awɔe? Ðe nànɔ abe sigaret-nola si xlẽ nu geɖe le nu dziŋɔ siwo le sigaretnono me ŋu eye wòɖoe be yemagaxlẽ naneke azɔ o la? Alo ɖe nàde dzesi atama ŋu boblododowo ƒe amefuflu kaba ahatsri sigaretnonoa? Nyateƒee, sigaret-dzudzɔ le tutum le Dziehenutome—gake mele be nàna wòatu ava gbɔwò o!
[Aɖaka si le axa 19]
China—Afimae Wononɛ Le Wu
Zhang Hanmin si xɔ ƒe 35 eye wònye dɔwɔla le China la mlo eƒe asi hetɔ sigaret. Egblɔ be: “Le nyateƒe me la, mate ŋu anɔ agbe ne nu geɖe mele asinye o hã, gake menye sigaret ya o.” Anɔ eme be nenemae wòle le Zhang hati sigaret-lɔ̃la miliɔn 300 bubuwo hã gome. Tso ƒe 1980-awo me la, China “wɔnɛ, dzranɛ henonɛ wu dukɔ bubu ɖesiaɖe.” Le ƒe si va yi me la, “wodzra sigaret biliɔn geɖe na amesiwo sigaretnono zu numãme na,” si na China zu “dukɔ si me wonoa atama le wu le xexeame.”—Panoscope ƒe magazine.
[Aɖaka si le axa 20]
Sigaret Siwo Ŋu “Adzɔnukafunyawo” Kpe Ðo
Togbɔ be sigaretnono me dɔlélewo wua ame miliɔn etɔ̃ ƒe sia ƒe hã la, boblododowo yia edzi gblɔna na sigaret-nolawo be enono le dedie. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, boblododo aɖe si nɔ Braziltɔwo ƒe magazine aɖe me nyitsɔ laa ɖe gbeƒãe be sigaret ƒomevi aɖe si “ŋu adzɔnuwɔƒea ƒe kafukafunyawo kpe ɖo” la do. Boblododoa gblɔ kakaɖedzinya sia be: “Adzɔnukafunyawo le ʋuwò ŋuti; adzɔnukafunyawo le wò television ŋu; adzɔnukafunyawo le wò gaƒoɖokui ŋu. Ele wò sigaret hã ŋu.” Gake abe alesi boblododoawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ ɖee fia eye sigaret-nola siwo le dɔ mavɔe lém ate ŋu aɖi ɖase ene la, kafukafunya si le eŋu koe nye be “sigaretnono gblẽa nu le lãmesẽ ŋu.”
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 19]
Amesiwo koŋ wotɔ ŋkui—nyɔnu siwo le dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me
[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
WHO ƒe foto si L. Taylor ɖe
[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 20]
Womenya be afɔkuwo le eme oa?
[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]
WHO