Dukɔwo Ƒe Kadodo Ðeka Me Nɔnɔ​—Mɔkpɔkpɔ Kple Ŋɔdzi Siwo Le Eŋu

“Xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ nye nu ɖedzesi si le dzɔdzɔm le míaƒe ɣeyiɣia me. . . . Ele mɔnukpɔkpɔ manyagblɔ nam ame miliɔn geɖe le xexeame godoo.”—MARTIN WOLF, GANYAWO ŊUTI NYADZƆDZƆŊLƆLA.

“Ƒome gã ɖekae mí amegbetɔwo katã míenye le Anyigba dzi. Azã yeye sia hea tamebubu kple xexemekuxi yeyewo vɛ, abe afɔkuwo hehe va nutoa me, dzɔdzɔmenuwo dome gbegblẽ, aʋa gãwo wɔwɔ kple ahedada ene.”—EDUARD SHEVARDNADZE, GEORGIA ƑE DUKPLƆLA.

LE December ƒe 1999 me la, aglãdzeha aɖe va de zi takpekpe si Xexeame ƒe Asitsanyawo Gbɔkpɔha nɔ wɔwɔm le Seattle, U.S.A., la me. Kpovitɔwo zã aɖiya, aŋetukpewo, kple atadi si ŋu wotrɔ asi le si wowuna ɖe yame tsɔ tsi zitɔtɔa nui. Mlɔeba la, wolé aglãdzela alafa geɖe.

Nukae he zitɔtɔ ma va Seattle? Dzimaɖitsitsi ɖe nu vovovowo ŋu abe dɔwɔɖui ƒe gege le ame si, ɖiƒoƒo nutoa me, kple numadzɔmadzɔwɔwɔ ɖe ame ŋu le hadome enee. Gake ne míagblɔe kpuie ko la, aglãdzelaawo nɔ vɔvɔ̃m na dukɔwo ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ—le nusi wòate ŋu agblẽ le amewo kple ɣletinyigba la ŋu ta.

Woƒe vɔvɔ̃a gakpɔtɔ li. Tso ƒe 1999 me ke la, tsitretsitsi ɖe xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ ŋu va keke ta hele ŋɔ dzim. Ɣeaɖewoɣi la, xexeame dziɖulawo dzea agbagba be yewoawɔ yewoƒe takpekpewo le teƒe siwo sa ɖe aga, ale be aglãdzelawo mate ŋu ake ɖe yewo ŋu bɔbɔe ahayi yewoƒe kpekpewo me gblẽ ge o.

Ele eme be menye amesiamee bua xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ ŋɔdzinui o. Togbɔ be ame aɖewo bunɛ xexeame ƒe kuxiwo tsoƒee hã la, bubuwo bunɛ xexeame ƒe kuxi akpa gãtɔ gbɔ kpɔnui. Nyateƒee, nyaʋiʋli sia si le edzi yim maɖi nya vevi na ameƒomea me tɔ akpa gãtɔ siwo dometɔ geɖe menya nusi tututu xexeame ƒe kadodo sia nye o. Gake aleke kee nèɖale ebumee o, xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ sia le ŋusẽ kpɔm ɖe dziwò xoxo, eye ɖewohĩ enu ava sẽ ɖe edzi wu le etsɔme kura gɔ̃ hã.

Nuka Koŋ Enye Xexeame ƒe Kadodo Ðeka me Nɔnɔ?

“Dukɔwo ƒe Kadodo Ðeka me Nɔnɔ” nye nya si ame aɖewo zãna tsɔ ɖɔa alesi amewo kple dukɔwo yi edzi le nu wɔm aduadu le xexeame godoo. Nuwɔwɔ le mɔ sia nu si dzi ɖe edzi nukutɔe anɔ ƒe ewo alo esi wu ema la, nye esi tso ŋgɔyiyi si wowɔ le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya me koŋ gbɔ. (Kpɔ aɖaka si le axa 21.) Le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, Dukɔwo Dome Nyaʋiʋlia nu tsi keŋkeŋ kloe, nusiwo xea mɔ na asitsanyawo dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, woate ŋu ade ga xexeame ƒe asitsaɖoɖowo me le afisiafi, eye adzɔ si woxena ɖe mɔzɔzɔ ta megaxɔ asi boo o eye wòle bɔbɔe wu.

Xexeame katã ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ si le ta kekem ɖe edzi alea la he nya geɖewo vɛ—wonye ganyawo, dunyahenyawo, dekɔnuwo, kple nutomekuxiwo. Nublanuitɔe la, emetsonu siawo dometɔ aɖewo te ŋu gblẽa nu. Dukɔ Ƒoƒuawo ƒe agbalẽ si nye Human Development Report 1999 ɖe nu me be: “Amewo ƒe kadodo kple wo nɔewo le xexeame de to, eye wole kplikplikpli, hele tẽ wu tsã. Esia ʋu mɔnukpɔkpɔ vovovowo ɖi, na nu nyui kple nu gbegblẽ wɔwɔ siaa ƒe dzidzi ɖe edzi.” Abe alesi wòdzɔna le nusiwo me amegbetɔwo te ŋu kpɔa dzidzedze le mee ene la, nu nyui kple nu gbegblẽawoe nye nusi do tso xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ me.

Mɔkpɔkpɔ be Xexe si me Nu Adze Edzi na Ame Wu Ava

Amartya Sen si xɔ Nobel Nunana le gaŋutinunya me gblɔ be xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ “na dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya kple dekɔnuwo dzi ɖe edzi le xexeame me eye wòna ame geɖewo kpɔ ho ɖe edzi.” Agbalẽ si nye Human Development Report 1999 hã gblɔ be xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ na “wokpɔ mɔ vovovo si nu woate ŋu ato aɖe ahedada ɖa le ƒe alafa 21 lia me.” Susu si tae wole mɔ kpɔm vevie be esia ava eme la tso dzidzedze si le ta kekem nukutɔe si xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ le hehem vɛ me. Le mama dedie nu le xexeame egbea la, ƒomewo ƒe gakpɔmɔnuwo dzi ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi etɔ̃ wu alesi wònɔ le ƒe 50 siwo va yi me.a

Numekula aɖewo de dzesi nu deamedzi bubu aɖe le ganyawo me ɖekawɔwɔa me: Wokpɔe be ana dukɔwo nahe ɖe megbe le aʋawɔwɔ gbɔ. Thomas L. Friedman gblɔ le eƒe agbalẽ si nye The Lexus and the Olive Tree me be xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ “ɖea aʋawɔwɔ ƒe gbɔgbɔ le amewo me eye wòna ga si woagblẽ ɖe aʋawɔwɔ ŋu dzia ŋɔ na ame le mɔ geɖe nu le egbegbe ŋutinya me wu ɣeyiɣi ɖesiaɖe si do ŋgɔ nɛ.”

Amewo dome kadodo ƒe dzidziɖedzia hã dea dzi ƒo na ame be xexeame ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ ava sẽ ŋu ɖe edzi. Amegbetɔ ƒe gomenɔamesiwo ƒe habɔbɔ aɖewo te ŋu wɔ Internet ŋudɔ tsɔ do woƒe taɖodzinuwo ɖe ŋgɔ dzidzedzetɔe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, nusi na wote ŋu kpɔ dzidzedze le ƒe 1997 dukɔwo dome nubabla si tsi tre ɖe tomebɔmb ŋudɔwɔwɔ ŋu me ƒe ɖee nye mɔfiafia si wote ŋu na nubabla sia dzi delawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo vovovowo le xexeame godoo to nyatakaka ɖoɖo ɖe wo to kɔmpiuta dzi. Wokafu nyakaka na amesiame dzro ƒe mɔnu sia be enye “dukɔwo dome ƒe aɖaŋudedemɔnu yeye si wotsɔ kpɔa kuxiwo gbɔe, si me dziɖuɖuwo kple dumevi dzrowo wɔa nu aduadu be woatsɔ akpɔ amegbetɔwo ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ le xexeame godoo.”

Togbɔ be nu nyui siawo do tso eme hã la, ame geɖewo gavɔ̃na be nu gbegblẽ siwo tsoa xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ me la sɔ gbɔ wu nyuiawo.

Vɔvɔ̃ be Xexeame Le Mamam ɖe Edzi Wu

Ðewohĩ nusi ŋu wotsi dzi ɖo vevie wu le xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ ŋu enye alesi wònaa vovototo gã va nɔa kesinɔtɔwo kple hiãtɔwo dome wu. Togbɔ be kesinɔnuwo dzi ɖe edzi le xexeame wòdze ƒã hã la, ame ʋɛ aɖewo kple dukɔ ʋɛ aɖewo si me koe wobɔ ɖo. Ne woƒo ame 200 siwo nye xexeame ƒe kesinɔtɔ gãtɔwo ƒe kesinɔnuwo nu ƒu la, asɔ gbɔ wu ga si amesiwo wɔ xexeame ƒe akpa 40 le alafa me la kpɔna ne wotsɔ wo katã tɔ ƒo ƒui—amesiawo ƒe xexlẽme anɔ ame biliɔn 2.4. Eye togbɔ be fetuwo le dzidzim ɖe edzi ɣesiaɣi le dukɔ deŋgɔwo me hã la, fetu siwo woxena le dukɔ dahe 80 me dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ le ƒe ewo siwo va yi me.

Nu vevi bubu si nu wogavɔ̃na ɖo enye nutoa me ƒe dedienɔnɔ. Asitsala siwo dia wo ɖokui tɔ tsɔ wu ɣletinyigba ƒe dedienɔnɔ woe nɔa megbe na dukɔwo dome sitsatsa la. Agus Purnomo, amesi nye Xexeame Katã ƒe Dzɔdzɔmenuwo Takpɔha ƒe zimenɔla le Indonesia ɖe kuxi sesẽ sia me be: “Míele ŋgɔyiyiwɔwɔ ƒe ɖi kem ɣesiaɣi. . . . Mele vɔvɔ̃m be le ƒe ewo me la, mí katã míava de dzesi nusi le gbegblẽm le nutoa me ŋu, gake wɔna aɖeke manɔ anyi o.”

Amewo gavɔ̃na ɖe woƒe dɔwɔɖuiwo nu. Wova le vɔvɔ̃m be dɔwɔɖuia kple gakpɔmɔnuwo dome agblẽ elabena adzɔdohawo ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ kple woƒe hoʋiʋli vevie le eƒom ɖe adzɔhawo nu be woatrɔ asi le woƒe dɔwɔnawo ŋu. Dɔwɔlawo xɔxɔ kple wo nyanya abe alesi dɔa bia ene la sɔna na adzɔha siwo tsi dzi vevie ɖe woƒe viɖewo kpɔkpɔ ŋu, gake wotɔtɔa dɔwɔlawo ƒe ɖoɖo eye nuwo me va sesẽna na wo le agbe me.

Dukɔwo ƒe gadededɔme kple gadodo le wo nɔewo gbɔ ƒe ɖekawɔwɔ he kemalimali bubu aɖe vɛ. Dukɔwo dome adzɔdolawo ate ŋu ade ga gbogbo aɖewo dɔ me le dukɔ madeŋgɔwo me gake ne wokpɔ be woƒe ganyawo dome di be yeagblẽ la wogbugbɔna ɖea woƒe gawo enumake. Ga gbogbo siwo wogbugbɔ ɖena alea ate ŋu ahe dukɔ geɖewo ade gakuxi sesẽwo me. Ganya ƒe sesẽ le Ɣedzeƒe Asia le ƒe 1998 me na dɔ ge le ame miliɔn 13 si. Le Indonesia la, amesiwo si dɔ mege le o gɔ̃ hã kpɔe be nusi yewoƒlena tsã ƒe afã ko nue yewoƒe fetuwo dena fifia.

Ekema edze ƒã be xexeame katã ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ naa ŋɔ dzia ame le go aɖe me eye wònaa dzi ɖoa ame ƒo le go bubu me. Ðe nèvɔ̃a xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ ɖe susu aɖe ta? Alo àte ŋu akpɔ mɔ be ana agbe nadze edzi na wò wua? Ðe xexeame ƒe kadodo ɖeka me nɔnɔ sia na mɔkpɔkpɔ aɖe mí le etsɔme ŋua? Míaƒe nyati si kplɔe ɖo aɖo biabia etɔ̃ siawo ŋu.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔ]

[Nya si ɖe dzesi si le axa 19]

Ne woƒo ame 200 siwo nye xexeame ƒe kesinɔtɔ gãtɔwo ƒe kesinɔnuwo nu ƒu la, asɔ gbɔ wu ga si amesiwo wɔ xexeame ƒe akpa 40 le alafa me la kpɔna ne wotsɔ wo katã tɔ ƒo ƒui

[Aɖaka/Nɔnɔmetata siwo le axa 21]

MƆ̃ÐAŊUNUNYA SI NA XEXEAME LE KADODO ÐEKA ME

Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya trɔ kadodomɔnuwo keŋkeŋ le ƒe ewo siwo va yi me. Amewo gbɔ ɖoɖo kple keke ɖe nyatakakawo ŋu—le xexeame ƒe akpa ɖesiaɖe kloe—tsɔna, ɖina, hele bɔbɔe wu.

TELEVISION Ame akpa gãtɔ wɔa television ŋudɔ le xexeame fifia, ne ɖeke mele woa ŋutɔwo si o hã. Va ɖo ƒe 1995 me la, television 235 le ame 1,000 ɖesiaɖe si le xexeame godoo, si nye xexlẽme si nɔ anyi le ƒe 1980 ƒe teƒe eve kloe. Satelaitgba (satellite) si léa nyatakaka ate ŋu ana amesiwo le teƒe siwo sa ɖe aga nakpɔ nusiwo le edzi yim le xexeame katã. Francis Fukuyama si nye dunyahehe me ganyawo ŋuti nufialagã gblɔ be: “Egbea dukɔ aɖeke mate ŋu aɖe eɖokui ɖa keŋkeŋ le xexeame katã ƒe nyakakamɔnuwo me o.”

INTERNET Kwasiɖa ɖesiaɖe ame yeye 300,000 nana wotsɔa wo kpena ɖe Internet zãlawo ŋu. Wobui le ƒe 1999 me be hafi ƒe 2001 nawu enu la amesiwo axɔe anɔ miliɔn 700. Agbalẽŋlɔla Thomas L. Friedman ɖe eme be: “Nusi do tso eme enye be medzɔ alea kpɔ be amewo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ gbogbo sia tɔgbe aɖeke te ŋu srɔ̃ nu tso wo tɔ bubuwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ, adzɔnu, kple nukpɔsusuwo ŋu le xexeame ƒe ŋutinya me o.”

TELEFON Nya kaka to Fiber-optic (ahuhɔ̃eka lɛwo) kple yamenutomemɔ̃ siwo xɔa nyatakaka zazã me ɖe telefon zazã ƒe asi dzi kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ. Ga si woxena ɖe aɖabaƒoƒo etɔ̃ ƒe kaƒoƒo tso New York yi London dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ tso dɔlar 245 le ƒe 1930 va ɖo dɔlar 0.35 le ƒe 1999 me. Radio ƒe nyalélemɔnu na asitelefonwo va bɔ ɖe afisiafi abe alesi kɔmpiuta bɔe ene. Wobu akɔnta be kaka ƒe 2002 nawu enu la, amesiwo ade biliɔn ɖekae anɔ asitelefonwo zãm, eye amesiawo dometɔ geɖewo ate ŋu ato woƒe telefonwo dzi awɔ Internet ŋudɔ.

MICROCHIP Nusiawo siwo míeyɔ va yi, siwo ŋu wogale asi trɔm le ɣesiaɣi la nɔ te ɖe microchip, si nye nyatakakaléɖiƒe dzi. Le ƒe 30 siwo va yi me la, wodzia microhip sia ƒe ŋusẽ ɖe edzi le ɣleti 18 ɖesiaɖe me. Womedzra nyatakaka geɖewo ɖo ɖe teƒe sue alea kpɔ o.