Amekawoe Nye Masoratɔwo?

YEHOWA, “Mawu nuteƒetɔ” la kpɔ eƒe Nya Biblia la ta. (Psalmo 31:6) Gake esi nyateƒea ƒe futɔ Satana dze agbagba be yeagblẽ Biblia ahatsrɔ̃e ɖe, aleke wòwɔ va ɖo mía gbɔ abe alesi tututu woŋlɔe ene?—Kpɔ Mateo 13:39.

Ŋuɖoɖoa ƒe akpa aɖe dze le nya si Nufialagã Robert Gordis gblɔ me be: “Womekpɔ ŋudzedze ɖe dɔ si Hebri-gbalẽŋlɔla siwo woyɔna be masoratɔwo alo ‘blemanuwo takpɔlawo’ wɔ ŋu tututu o. Agbalẽŋlɔla siawo siwo ƒe ŋkɔ womeyɔ o la tsɔ ŋuɖɔɖo kple beléle blibo gbugbɔ Agbalẽ Kɔkɔe la ŋlɔ.” Togbɔ be míenya agbalẽŋlɔla siawo ƒe akpa gãtɔ ŋkɔ vaseɖe egbea o hã la, woŋlɔ Masoratɔawo ƒe ƒome ɖeka ŋkɔ ɖi nyuie—eyae nye Ben Asher. Nukae míenya le woa kple wo havi Masoratɔwo ŋu?

Ben Asher ƒe Ƒomea

Yudatɔ agbalẽŋlɔlawoe gbugbɔ Biblia ƒe akpa si woŋlɔ ɖe Hebrigbe me gbã si woyɔna zi geɖe be Nubabla Xoxoa la ŋlɔ anukwaretɔe. Tso ƒe alafa adelia vaseɖe ewolia M.Ŋ. me la, woyɔ agbalẽŋlɔla siawo be Masoratɔwo. Dɔ kae wowɔ?

Xaxagbeɖiɖiwo koe wotsɔ ŋlɔ Hebrigbee ƒe alafa geɖe eye exlẽla tsɔa ablɔɖegbeɖiɖiwo kpenɛ. Gake le Masoratɔwo ŋɔli la, alesi woxlẽa Hebrigbee va nɔ bubum le esi Yudatɔ geɖe megate ŋu doa gbe ma nyuie o ta. Masoratɔwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo nɔ Babilon kple Israel to dzesiwo vɛ be woatsɔ akpe ɖe xaxagbeɖiɖiwo ŋu ne woade dzesi nyatamedzesiwo kple ablɔɖegbeɖiɖiwo yɔyɔ nyuie. Woto nuŋɔŋlɔ etɔ̃ teti vɛ, gake esi xɔ ŋkɔ wue nye Masoratɔ siwo nɔ Tiberia le Galilea Ƒua gbɔ, afisi Ben Asher ƒe ƒomea nɔ la tɔ.

Woyɔ Masoratɔawo ƒe dzidzime atɔ̃ tso ƒome tɔxɛ sia me ɖe agbalẽwo me, gbãtɔe nye Asher si nye Tsitsitɔ si nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa enyilia M.Ŋ. me. Mamleawoe nye Nehemiah Ben Asher, Asher Ben Nehemiah, Moses Ben Asher, eye mlɔetɔ nye Aaron Ben Moses Ben Asher siwo nɔ anyi le ƒe alafa ewolia M.Ŋ. me.a Ŋutsu siawoe nɔ amesiwo nɔ asi trɔm le nuŋɔŋlɔdzesi siwo ana alesi wobu be ele be woaxlẽ Hebri Biblia mawunyakpukpuiwoe wòasɔ nadze nyuie wu ŋu la nu. Hafi woayi ŋgɔ le nuŋɔŋlɔ siawo me la, ele be woase Hebri-gbeŋutise gɔme nyuie. Womeŋlɔ nu tso se siwo le Hebri-gbeŋutise ƒe ɖoɖowo ŋu la ŋuti kaŋ ale kpɔ o. Eyata míate ŋu agblɔ be Masoratɔ siawo nɔ Hebri-gbeŋutisenyala gbãtɔwo dome.

Aaron si nye Masoratɔ mamlea le Ben Asher ƒe ƒomea mee nye ame gbãtɔ si ŋlɔ nya sia hexlẽe to eme. Agbalẽ si ƒe tanyae nye “Sefer Dikdukei ha-Te‘amim,” si nye agbalẽ gbãtɔ si me Hebri-gbeŋutisewo le mee wòŋlɔe ɖo. Agbalẽ sia dzie Hebri-gbeŋutisenyala bubuwo nɔ te ɖo ta agbalẽwo le ƒe alafa siwo kplɔe ɖo me. Gake dɔ vevitɔ wu si Masoratɔawo wɔ ƒe akpa aɖe koe esia nye. Dɔ kae?

Ebia Ŋkuɖoɖonudzi Tɔxɛ

Nusi ŋu Masoratɔawo tsi dzi ɖo wue nye Biblia ƒe mawunyakpukpui me nya ɖesiaɖe kple nyakui ɖesiaɖe gɔ̃ hã ŋɔŋlɔ wòasɔ pɛpɛpɛ. Be woakpɔ egbɔ be nyaawo de pɛpɛpɛ la, Masoratɔawo ŋlɔ nya siwo ana woakpɔ tɔtrɔ ɖesiaɖe si agbalẽŋlɔla siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na wo ɖo wɔ alo wɔ le manyamanya me lae ɖe axa ɖesiaɖe dzi. Masoratɔawo de dzesi nyagbɔgblɔ ƒe tɔtrɔ kple wo ŋɔŋlɔ ƒo ƒui hã ɖe axadzinuŋɔŋlɔ siawo me, eye woŋlɔ alesi wodze enuenui le agbalẽ aɖe me alo le Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔ bliboa me. Woŋlɔ nya siawo kpuie ŋutɔ le teƒe ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ta. Be wòagakpe ɖe wo ŋu le nuawo me toto ake me la, wote fli ɖe nya kple nyakui si le agbalẽ aɖewo titina ŋu. Wowɔe kakaka va xlẽ Biblia me nyakui ɖesiaɖe gɔ̃ hã be woakpɔ egbɔ be wogbugbɔe ŋlɔ pɛpɛpɛ.

Le agbalẽa tame kple ete la, Masoratɔawo ŋlɔ nya siwo deto wu ɖe nuŋɔŋlɔ kpui aɖewo ŋu ɖe axawo dzi.b Esiawo kpe ɖe wo ŋu le nuawo me toto ake me. Esi xexlẽdzesiwo menɔ kpukpuiawo ŋu o eye Biblia me nya veviwo diƒe aɖeke menɔ anyi ɣemaɣi o ɖe, ke aleke Masoratɔawo wɔ di nyawo le Biblia ƒe teƒe bubuwo tsɔ gbugbɔ to nuawo mee? Le agbalẽa tame kple ete la, woŋlɔ kpukpui si sɔ kplii ƒe akpa aɖewo ɖi be wòaɖo ŋku afisi nya alo nya siwo wode dzesii la dze le le Biblia ƒe teƒe bubuwo. Le teƒe ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ta la, nya vevi ɖeka ko woŋlɔna zi geɖe be wòaɖo ŋku kpukpui siwo sɔ kplii dometɔ ɖesiaɖe dzi na wo. Be woate ŋu azã axadzinuŋɔŋlɔ siawo la, ele be agbalẽŋlɔla siawo nanya Hebri Biblia bliboa katã kloe ɖe susu me.

Woɖea nuŋlɔɖi siwo didi wu teƒe siwo le axawo dzi la yia asinuŋɔŋlɔa ƒe teƒe bubuwoe. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔdzesi etɔ̃, קלד, dze le Masora ƒe axadzinuŋɔŋlɔ si le Mose I, 18:3 me. Esiae nye Hebri-nuŋɔŋlɔ si sɔ kple xexlẽdzesi 134. Nuŋɔŋlɔ le asinuŋɔŋlɔa ƒe teƒe bubu si fia teƒe 134 siwo agbalẽŋlɔla siwo nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na Masoratɔwo bua ɖe ŋkɔ Yehowa le Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔa me hetsɔ nya “Aƒetɔ” ɖo eteƒe.c Togbɔ be Masoratɔwo kpɔ tɔtrɔ siawo hã la, wometrɔ ŋɔŋlɔ si li wova tu la o. Ke boŋ wode dzesi tɔtrɔ siawo ɖe woƒe axadzinuŋɔŋlɔwo me. Gake nukatae Masoratɔawo ɖɔ ŋu ɖo nenema gbegbe be yewomatrɔ ŋɔŋlɔa o, evɔ agbalẽŋlɔla siwo nɔ anyi va yi ya trɔe? Ðe Yudatɔwo ƒe dzixɔse si le wo si to vovo na amesiwo do ŋgɔ na wo tɔa?

Nuka Dzie Woxɔ Se?

Le Masoratɔwo ƒe ŋgɔyiyi sia me la, nukpɔsusu ŋuti nyaʋiʋli sesẽ aɖe si li xoxoxo nɔ edzi yim le Yuda-subɔsubɔ me. Rabiwo ƒe Yuda-subɔsubɔ nɔ ŋusẽ kpɔm tso ƒe alafa gbãtɔ M.Ŋ. me ke. Talmud si woŋlɔ kple rabiwo ƒe numeɖeɖewo wɔe be alesi rabiwo ɖe se si wode kple nu mee la va nɔ ŋusẽ xɔm le Biblia me nyawo si. Eyata anye ne alesi woakpɔ Biblia me nyawo tae nyuie la magahiã o.

Le ƒe alafa enyilia me la, ƒuƒoƒo aɖe si woyɔna be Karaitɔwo dze aglã ɖe ɖoɖo sia ŋu. Wogbe rabiwo ƒe ŋusẽ kple woƒe numeɖeɖewo kpakple Talmud la hete gbe ɖe ɖokuisi Biblia sɔsrɔ̃ dzi. Biblia me nyawo ko woxɔ be eyae nye yewoƒe ŋusẽtsoƒe. Esia na wòhiã vevie be woakpɔ ŋɔŋlɔ ma ta pɛpɛpɛ, eye dzo yeye gaɖo Masoratɔawo ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ me.

Aleke rabiawo alo Karaitɔwo ƒe dzixɔse kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dɔ si Masoratɔawo wɔ dzi? M. H. Goshen-Gottstein si nye Hebri Biblia ƒe asinuŋɔŋlɔwo ŋuti nunyala la gblɔ be: “Masoratɔwo xɔe se . . . be blemakɔnu aɖe dzi zɔm yewo le, eye eɖoɖo atrɔe anye nu vlo gãtɔ kekeake si yewoawɔ.”

Masoratɔawo bu Biblia me nyawo gbugbɔŋlɔ pɛpɛpɛ dɔ kɔkɔe. Togbɔ be ɖewohĩ mawusubɔsunya bubuwo ŋu bubu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe woa ŋutɔwo dzi vevie hã la, edze abe ɖe nya mawo mekpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe Masora-ŋɔŋlɔawo ŋutɔ dzi o ene. Axadzinuŋɔŋlɔ kpuiawo xe mɔ na mawunya ŋuti nyaʋiʋliwo. Biblia me nyawo ŋutɔe nye nusi ŋu wotsi dzi ɖo le agbe me; wometrɔe kura o.

Viɖekpɔkpɔ tso Woƒe Dɔwɔna Me

Togbɔ be dzɔdzɔme Israel meganye Mawu ƒe dukɔ tiatia o hã la, Yudatɔ agbalẽŋlɔla siawo tsɔ wo ɖokui na keŋkeŋ be woakpɔ Mawu ƒe Nya la ta pɛpɛpɛ. (Mateo 21:42-44; 23:37, 38) Robert Gordis ƒo nu tso Ben Asher ƒe ƒomea kple Masoratɔ bubuwo ƒe dɔwɔna ŋu nyuie kpuie be: “Dɔwɔla ɖokuibɔbɔla wɔkalẽ mawo . . . tsɔ ɖokuibɔbɔ wɔ woƒe dɔ gã ma si nye Biblia Ŋɔŋlɔa takpɔkpɔ be magabu alo atrɔ o.” (The Biblical Text in the Making) Eyata esi ƒe alafa 16 lia me Ðɔɖɔɖowɔla siwo nye Luther kple Tyndale wotsi tre ɖe sɔlemeha la ŋu hete Biblia gɔmeɖeɖe ɖe gbegbɔgblɔwo me be amesiame naxlẽ la, Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔ si ta wokpɔ nyuie la li si dzi woanɔ te ɖo ata woƒe agbalẽa.

Dɔ si Masoratɔawo wɔ gale vi ɖem na mí egbea. Wozã woƒe Hebri-ŋɔŋlɔa hã tsɔ ɖe New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures ƒe Hebri Ŋɔŋlɔawo gɔmee. Ðokuitsɔtsɔna kple dzitsitsi ɖe nuawo ŋɔŋlɔ nyuie ŋu ƒe gbɔgbɔ si blema Masoratɔawo ɖe fia kee wotsɔ le ŋɔŋlɔ sia gɔme ɖem ɖe gbegbɔgblɔ bubuwo me. Anyo be míatsɔ gbɔgbɔ ma ke alé to ɖe Yehowa Mawu ƒe Nya la ŋu.—Petro II, 1:19.

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Aɖaka/​Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 28]

Ðoɖo si nu Woyɔa Hebrigbe me Nyawo Ðo

MASORATƆWO di mɔ nyuitɔ si nu woaŋlɔ ablɔɖegbeɖiɖiwo kple nyatamedzesiwo ɖo nyuie wu la ƒe alafa geɖe. Eyata mewɔ nuku o be Ben Asher ƒe ƒomea ƒe dzidzime ɖesiaɖe wɔ ŋgɔyiyi le eme. Moses kple Aaron siwo nye Masoratɔ eve mamletɔ le Ben Asher ƒe ƒomea me ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe atsiã kple ɖoɖo si nu woŋlɔe ɖo ƒe asinuŋɔŋlɔ koe li woakpɔ.d Ŋkuléle ɖe asinuŋɔŋlɔawo ŋu fia be Aaron de se aɖewo le nyayɔyɔ kple eŋɔŋlɔ aɖewo ŋu siwo to vovo na fofoa Moses tɔ.

Ben Naphtali nɔ agbe le Aaron Ben Asher ŋɔli. Numeɖeɖe geɖe siwo wogblɔ be Ben Naphtali ye ŋlɔe la le Moses Ben Asher ƒe Cairo Nuŋɔŋlɔa me. Eyata anye be Ben Naphtali ŋutɔ srɔ̃ nu le Moses Ben Asher gbɔ loo alo wo katã wolé blemakɔnu xoxo aɖe me ɖe asi. Agbalẽnyala geɖe ƒo nu tso vovototo si le Ben Asher kple Ben Naphtali ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo dome ŋu, gake M. H. Goshen-Gottstein ŋlɔ be: “Asɔ ne wogblɔ be Ben Asher ƒe ƒomea mee nuŋɔŋlɔ evea siaa tso eye woyɔ vovototo si le wo dome be: Ben Asher kple Ben Asher.” Eyata masɔ be woaƒo nu tso Ben Asher ɖeka aɖe ko ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ŋu o. Menye gãnyenye si le Aaron Ben Asher me tae eƒe nuŋɔŋlɔwo va zu esi dzi woda asi ɖo o. Esi Moses Maimonides si nye ƒe alafa 12 lia me Talmud-ŋɔŋlɔa ŋuti nunyalagã aɖe kafu Aaron Ben Asher ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔawo tae amewo va lɔ̃ ezazã wu ɖo.

[Artwork​—Hebrew characters]

Mose II, 6:2 ƒe akpa siwo ablɔɖegbeɖiɖiwo kple nyatamedzesiwo le kple esiwo ŋu mele o

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

[Nɔnɔmetata si le axa 26]

Tiberia, afisi Masoratɔawo nɔ wɔ dɔ tso ƒe alafa enyilia vaseɖe ewolia me

[Afi Si Míexɔ Mɔɖeɖe Tso]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.