Olivétan—Franse Biblia “Gɔmeɖela Si Nye Ðekakpui Bɔbɔɖokui”

Le September 13, 1540 me la, kpovitɔwo va tsa Collin Pellenc ƒe aƒe me. Le xɔ ɣaɣla aɖe me la, woke ɖe agbalẽ aɖewo siwo ŋu woxɔ se be nya ku ɖe wo, kpakple agbalẽ gã aɖe hã ŋu. Woŋlɔ ɖe agbalẽa ƒe axa evelia dzi be: “P. Robert Olivetanus, [gbe]gɔmeɖela si nye ɖekakpui bɔbɔɖokui.” Agbalẽa nye Waldotɔwo ƒe Biblia! Wolé Collin Pellenc hetso enu be etsi tsitre ɖe sɔlemehaa ŋu, eye wotɔ dzoe agbagbee.

ƔEMAƔI la, Katolikohaa nɔ Ðɔɖɔɖowɔlawo yome tim le France kple Europa dukɔ bubuwo me bene yewoabu mo na woƒe nufiafia “gblẽnuwo.” Guillaume Farel, si nye Ðɔɖɔɖowɔlawo dometɔ ɖeka, si me dzo le la ɖoe kplikpaa be yeatrɔ Fransegbe dolawo ƒe susu ɖe Martin Luther, si nye Protestantɔ Ðɔɖɔɖowɔlawo ƒe ŋgɔxɔla veviwo dometɔ ɖeka la ƒe nufiafiawo ŋu. Farel, si tso France ƒe anyieheɣedzeƒe nuto si nye Dauphiné Province la, nyae be agbalẽwo nye dɔwɔnu vevi aɖewo siwo dzi yewoate ŋu ato atrɔ amewo ƒe susu. Be eƒe tameɖoɖoa nava eme la, ahiã na agbalẽviwo, numeɖegbalẽwo, kple Bibliawo. Ke afi kae wòakpɔ gaa le? Eɖoe be yeadi kpekpeɖeŋu tso Waldotɔwo gbɔ. Wonye subɔsubɔha aɖe si ɖe eɖokui ɖe vovo si me tɔwo léa fɔ ɖe gbeƒãɖeɖe Biblia me nyawo ŋu.

Wokpe Ta Le Chanforan

Le ƒe 1532 me le September ƒe domedomee la, Waldotɔwo ƒe barbewo (nunɔlawo) kpe ta le Chanforan, si nye kɔƒe sue aɖe si te ɖe Turin ŋu, le Italy. Kadodo le Waldotɔwo kpakple Ðɔɖɔɖowɔlawo ƒe ŋgɔnɔlawo dome ƒe aɖewo do ŋgɔ na esia. Eya ta wokpe Farel kple ame bubu aɖewo hã wova kpɔ gome le takpekpea me. Waldotɔwo di be yewoanya ne yewoƒe nufiafiawo wɔ ɖeka kple Luther kpakple eyomedzelawo tɔ.a

Le Chanforan ƒe takpekpea me la, ale si Farel bi ɖe nuƒoƒo me la wɔe be eƒe nyawo wɔ dɔ ɖe amewo dzi. Esi Waldotɔwo ƒe barbewo tsɔ woƒe Biblia xoxo siwo wotsɔ asi ŋlɔ ɖe wo degbe me fia Farel la, eƒo nu na wo ale be wolɔ̃ ɖe edzi be yewoana ga be woatsɔ ata Biblia ɖe Fransegbe me. To vovo na ƒe 1523 Fransegbe me Biblia, si gɔme Lefèvre d’Étaples ɖe tso Latingbe me la, wodi be Biblia sia ya nanye esi gɔme woɖe tso Hebrigbe kple Helagbea me. Ke ame kae ate ŋu awɔ dɔ sia?

Farel nya ame si tututu ate ŋu awɔ dɔ sia. Eŋkɔe nye Pierre Robert, ke hã woyɔnɛ be Olivétan,b eye wònye ɖekakpui nufiala aɖe si wodzi le France ƒe dziehenuto, si nye Picardy me. Olivétan nye John Calvin, si nye Ðɔɖɔɖowɔla gbãtɔwo dometɔ ɖeka si dzi woka ɖo la ƒe ƒometɔ. Etsɔ ƒe geɖe srɔ̃ gbe siwo me woŋlɔ Biblia ɖo zi gbãtɔ la moveviɖoɖotɔe le Strasbourg.

Olivétan di sitsoƒe le Switzerland, abe ale si Farel kple ame bubu geɖewo hã wɔe ene. Exɔlɔ̃wo ɖe kuku nɛ be wòalɔ̃ aɖe Biblia gɔme. Esi wògbe enuenu zi geɖe megbe la, eva lɔ̃ mlɔeba be yeaɖe Biblia gɔme “ɖe Fransegbe me wòasɔ ɖe Hebrigbe kple Helagbea nu.” Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, Waldotɔwo tsɔ sikaga si nye gold crown 800, si hiã na agbalẽa tata la ƒe ɖe, si nye crown 500 la, na xoxo. Ho gbogbo aɖe ŋutɔe!

Akpaviã Kpakple Alɔe

Le ƒe 1534 ƒe gɔmedzedze la, Olivétan ɖe eɖokui ɖe aga yi Alps nutowo me hedze dɔ gɔme. Eƒe “nufiala maƒonuawo,” si nye eƒe agbalẽwo, koe nɔ egbɔ. Adzro egbegbe agbalẽnyala ɖe sia ɖe be agbalẽ mawo nanɔ ye hã ye si. Woƒe ɖewoe nye Siria, Hela, kple Latin gbe me Bibliawo, hekpe ɖe rabiwo ƒe numeɖegbalẽwo, Kaldeatɔwo ƒe gbeŋutise gbalẽwo, kple agbalẽ bubu geɖewo ŋu. Gawu la, Venicetɔwo ƒe Biblia yeye si gɔme woɖe tso Hebrigbe gbãtɔa me la nɔ esi.

Olivétan wɔ Lefèvre d’Étaples ƒe Fransegbe me Biblia ŋu dɔ esime wònɔ Biblia ƒe akpa si ame geɖe yɔna be Nubabla Yeyea gɔme ɖem, ke hã ewɔ Holland agbalẽnyala Erasmus ƒe Helagbe me nuŋlɔɖiwo hã ŋu dɔ zi geɖe. Olivétan tia nyagbe siwo to vovo na esiwo Katolikotɔwo zãna la le eƒe gɔmeɖeɖea me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ezã “dzikpɔla” ɖe “bisiɔp” teƒe, “nyaɣaɣla” ɖe “amlima” teƒe, kple “hame” ɖe “sɔleme” teƒe.

Le Biblia ƒe akpa si ame geɖe yɔna be Nubabla Xoxoa gome la, Olivétan ɖoe be yeaɖe Hebrigbe me nyaku ɖe sia ɖe ɖe Fransegbe me nyawo dzi pɛpɛpɛ. Egblɔ fefetɔe be Hebrigbe gɔme ɖeɖe ɖe Fransegbe me le ko abe ale si “woafia alɔe be wòadzi akpaviã si ƒe gbe me xaxa la ƒe ha”!

Le Hebri ŋɔŋlɔawo me la, Olivétan ke ɖe ŋɔŋlɔdzesi ene siwo wotsɔ ŋlɔa Mawu ƒe ŋkɔe la ŋu zi akpe geɖe. Eɖe egɔme be “Mavɔmavɔtɔ La,” eye wòva nye ŋkɔ si wozã zi geɖe le Fransegbe me Protestant Bibliawo me emegbe. Ke hã, le teƒe bubuwo la, ezã ŋkɔ “Yehowa,” abe ale si wòdze le 2 Mose 6:3 ene.

Nukutɔe la, ƒe ɖeka aɖe ko megbe, si nye February 12, 1535 dzi la, gbegɔmeɖela sia gblɔ be yewu dɔa nu! Esi wònye eya ŋutɔ gblɔ be ye ɖeka yenɔ “kɔkuti sia [gbegɔmeɖeɖedɔa] te tso ɣeaɖeɣi ke” ta la, edze ƒãa be enɔ dɔ sia dzi sesĩe xoxo hafi va wu enu le ƒe 1534 va de asi na ƒe 1535 me. Egblɔ ɖokuibɔbɔtɔe be “mewɔ tɔnye si nua.” Nu si gasusɔ koe nye be woata Fransegbe me Biblia gbãtɔ si gɔme woɖe ɖe gbe siwo me woŋlɔ Biblia ɖo zi gbãtɔ la nu.

Wotae Le Pirot Ƒe Agbalẽtaƒe

Aƒetɔ Pierre de Wingle, si amewo gayɔna be Pirot Picard, eye wònye Farel xɔlɔ̃ kple agbalẽtala na Ðɔɖɔɖowɔlawo la va ge ɖe tòa me azɔ. Katolikohaa ti eyome vevie, eya ta eʋu le Lyon yi ɖatsi Neuchâtel, Switzerland, le ƒe 1533 me. Waldotɔwo na gae wòtsɔ ta “tsitretsiɖeŋu” gbalẽwo le agbɔsɔsɔ gã me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, eƒe agbalẽtaƒeae wota agbalẽ siwo ƒo nu tsi tre ɖe Misawɔwɔ ŋu le, eye agbalẽ sia ƒe ɖe va ka France Fia Francis I, si nye Katolikotɔ la, gɔ̃ hã si.

Eɖo edzi azɔ be Pierre de Wingle nadze agbalẽtatadɔ aɖe gɔme, si nye Biblia tata! Be dɔa natsɔ la, wozã agbalẽtamɔ̃ eve, dɔwɔla ene alo atɔ̃ nɔa ɖe sia ɖe ŋu. Woɖoa ŋɔŋlɔdzesiwo ɖe nuŋɔŋlɔawo nu hetanɛ ɖe agbalẽ ɖeɖiwo dzi. Mlɔeba le “June 4 lia ƒe 1535 dzi” la, Pierre de Wingle de asi Olivétan ƒe Biblia ƒe agbalẽtalawo ƒe axa la te. Gbegɔmeɖelaa gblɔ le Biblia ƒe ŋgɔdonya me be xɔsetɔ tsɛ siwo le “dagbadagbam eye agba le wo wum” le “kɔnu dzodzrowo” ta lae yewɔ dɔa na.

Nu sia nu dze edzi nyuie abe ale si wonɔ mɔ kpɔm nɛ ene. Ale si Fransegbe si woŋlɔ ɖe gothic nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe atsyã nu la xexlẽ kple egɔmesese le bɔbɔe, eye woma nuŋɔŋlɔa ɖe akpa eve me le axawo dzi, kpakple ale si womae ɖe ta kple memamawo me la na wòganya kpɔ ɖe edzi. Ale si gbegɔmeɖelaa nya dɔae la dze ƒãa le axadzinuŋɔŋlɔawo me. Ŋgɔdonyawo, megbenyawo, hakpanyawo, kple nyatakaka bubuwo hã gade agbe eme. Le agbalẽa ƒe nuwuwu la, hakpanya aɖe si woŋlɔ ɖe atsyã tɔxɛ aɖe me la ɖee fia be “Waldotɔ, siwo ɖea gbeƒã Nya Nyui lae he nu xɔasi sia ɖe go be wòate ŋu aka ame sia ame si.”

Enye Aɖaŋudɔ Nyui . . . Ke Edo Kpo Nu

Togbɔ be amewo do vlo Olivétan ƒe Biblia tsã hã la, egbea, ame aɖeke mekea ɖii be eƒe dɔa ɖo kpe eƒe agbalẽnyanya dzi, eye wònye aɖaŋudɔ deŋgɔ o. Gawu la, ƒe alafa etɔ̃ sɔŋ la, Protestantɔwo nɔ te ɖe eƒe Biblia dzi nɔ gɔmeɖeɖe bubuwo ɖem ɖe go.

Togbɔ be wota Olivétan ƒe Biblia abe akpe ɖeka ene hã la, womekpɔ asi nɛ tututu o. Nu si gbɔ wòtsoe nye be ale si woamae wòakaka ŋuti mɔnu nyui aɖeke menɔ anyi o, eye wonɔ tɔtrɔ geɖe wɔm le Fransegbea ŋutɔ hã ŋu ɣemaɣi. Azɔ hã, Biblia lolo, eye eƒe kpekpeme nye kilogram 5, si wɔe be ezazã made mawunyagblɔla siwo zɔa mɔ kpakple ame siwo xlẽa Biblia le adzame la dzi o.

Togbɔ be Biblia sia ƒe ɖe te ŋu ka Collin Pellenc si le France, abe ale si míegblɔe le nyatia ƒe gɔmedzedze ene hã la, le nyateƒe me la, le edzadzra gome ya la, etalawo do kpo nu. Le ƒe 1670 me, si nye ƒe alafa ɖeka blaatɔ̃ kloe megbe la, ɖeka gakpɔtɔ ɖe Geneva agbalẽdzraƒe aɖe wotsɔ ɖo asii.

“Ŋkɔ Manɔsitɔ Si Metso Afi Aɖeke O”

Esi Olivétan wu gbegɔmeɖeɖedɔa nu ko la, ame aɖeke megasea eŋkɔ o. Egato Nubabla Yeyea kple Nubabla Xoxoa ƒe akpa aɖewo me, ke hã le esi teƒe be wòada eya ŋutɔ ƒe ŋkɔ ɖe edzi la, ekpa ŋkɔ bubuwo ɖo eteƒe. Egalé fɔ ɖe nufiafiadɔ, si wòlɔ̃na vevie la, ŋu. Enye nufiala si tsɔa ɖe le eme na ame, eya ta egato eƒe agbalẽ si nye Instruction for Children (Nufiame Na Ðeviwo), si me agbe nyui nɔnɔ ŋuti mɔfiamewo le na ɖeviwo, eye wònye Franse xexlẽ ƒe gɔmedzegbalẽ si wòtu ɖe Ŋɔŋlɔawo ɖeɖe dzi, la me. Ŋkɔ siwo wòkpa tsɔ ɖo eƒe agbalẽwo dzi la dometɔ ɖekae nye Belisem de Belimakom, si fia “Ŋkɔ Manɔsitɔ Si Metso Afi Aɖeke O.”

Olivétan ku le ƒe 1538 me esi wòxɔ ƒe 30 kple nu vi aɖe ko. Anɔ eme be Romae wòku le. Ame akpa gãtɔ menya nu tso akpa vevi si ɖekakpui agbalẽnyala sia si tso Picardy la wɔ be Fransegbe me Bibliawo te ŋu de du la ŋu o. Ƒãa hafi nàkpɔ eƒe ŋkɔ le gbegɔmeɖegbalẽwo me. Ke hã, esia sɔ kple ale si woɖɔ Louys Robert, si wogayɔna be Olivétan be Biblia “gɔmeɖela si nye ɖekakpui bɔbɔɖokui” la nyuie!

[Etenuŋɔŋlɔwo]

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Archives de la Ville de Neuchâtel, Suisse /Foto: Stefano Iori

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Miame foto: Alain Leprince - La Piscine-musée, Roubaix / Courtesy of the former Bouchard Museum, Paris

Titinatɔ kple ɖusimetɔ: Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français, Paris

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Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français, Paris