Masada—Uyarade Nte ke Messiah Ama Edi?
UDUỌKIYỊP ke enyịn̄ ido ukpono edi mfịna oro etịbede ndien ndien ke mbụk. Owo ikosioho Masada ifep, koro mme andin̄wana nnọ enye ẹma ẹnyene n̄kpọsọn̄ uduakesịt ẹban̄a ido ukpono. Edieke afo akade ekese itie udọk n̄kpọ eset ke Masada, afo emekeme ndikụt n̄wụre synagogue emi mbon afaka ekesisopde idem ẹnọ utuakibuot ye itie uyeremmọn̄ oro ẹkedade ke ndinam usanaidem eke ido ukpono.
Ẹma ẹkụt n̄ko mbai Bible ke Masada. Afo emekeme ndiyịk ete, didie ke etop Bible oro okodude ọnọ mbon afaka ẹmi emen udomo ye se nnyịn ikotde ke Bible mfịn? Ke n̄wed esie oro, Masada, Dr. Yigael Yadin ama ewet aban̄a utọ n̄kpọ ntre oro ẹkefiọhọde ke akpa ete:
“Usọp usọp ndụn̄ọde ke ebe oro ama owụt nnyịn ndondo oro nte ke mi ke ubak kiet otode N̄wed Psalm okoto, ndien nnyịn imekeme idem ndidiọn̄ọ mme ibuotn̄wed: ikpehe oro ekesịne Psalm 81 osịm Psalm 85. . . . Ẹma ẹkeme ndinọ enye usenọfiọn̄ ye unana esisịt eyịghe. Enye ikemeke ndibịghi n̄kan isua 73 A.D., kpa isua oro Masada ọkọduọde. . . . Ikpehe emi otode N̄wed Psalm mi, ukem nte mme ikpan̄wed Bible eken oro nnyịn ikokụtde ke ukperedem, ekpere ndidi ukem ukem . . . ye ikọ eke mme n̄wed Bible oro nnyịn ikamade mfịn.”
Nte an̄wan̄ade, mbon afaka oro ẹkenịm ke akpanikọ ẹte ke Utịbe Anditịm N̄wed Abasi eke usem Hebrew eyediọn̄ en̄wan mmimọ ye Rome. Nte The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia anamde an̄wan̄a: “Edinịm oro mmọ ẹkenịmde ke akpanikọ ẹte ke ini Messiah ekpere ọkọsọn̄ọ idiọk ifiopesịt mme Jew ke Akwa Ekọn̄ ye Rome (66-73 C.E.). Editaba Temple akakam ọsọsọn̄ọ idotenyịn mmọ kaban̄a edidi Messiah.”
Edidi Messiah
The Encyclopedia of Religion, ọdọhọ ete: “Mme Jew oro ẹkenyenede udọn̄ ke edidi Messiah ẹkesiwak ndikọn̄ ubatini mmọ ke N̄wed Daniel.” Edi akpanikọ, Daniel prọfet Hebrew oro ama ebemiso etịn̄ aban̄a edidi “Messiah Ọbọn̄.” (Daniel 9:25) Ke uwetn̄kpọ iba en̄wen, Daniel ama ọdọhọ ete ke Messiah eyekabade edi Andikara ererimbot ye nte ke Obio Ubọn̄ Esie eyesobo kpukpru ukara owo oro ẹsịnde ubiọn̄ọ—Daniel 2:44; 7:13, 14.
Mme Jew mbon en̄wan ukpụhọ ukara eke akpa isua ikie ẹkekere ẹte ke ini ama edikem ọnọ edisu mme ntịn̄nnịm n̄kukụt ẹmi. Josephus etịn̄ ete, “Se ikakande kpukpru n̄kpọ en̄wen oro okonụkde mmọ ndin̄wana ekọn̄ ekedi [edinịm ke akpanikọ] nte ke ini oro owo kiet ke idụt mmimọ eyekabade edi andikara ererimbot.” Edi Daniel ekebemiso etịn̄ ete ke “ẹyesịbe” Messiah Ọbọn̄ ẹfep ye nte ke n̄kpa esie ebede ‘ikọt ọbọn̄ efen oro edidide’ ẹyesobo Jerusalem ye temple esie.—Daniel 9:25, 26.
Ekikere Mme Jew Kaban̄a Ukara Gentile
Judea eke akpa isua ikie ama abahade ke otu ibat ibat mbon inyene ye ediwak ubuene. Ndusụk mme Jew mbon inyene, akpan akpan ke otu mme Sadducee ye mme Pharisee, ẹma ẹda odudu oro Rome okonyịmede mmọ ẹnyene ke idụt oro ke akpan n̄kpọ, ndien mmọ ẹma ẹsịn mme usụhọde owo ke ndek. Ntre, mmọ ẹma ẹbiọn̄ọ ekikere ekededi aban̄ade ukpụhọ ukara, utu ke oro ẹnamde n̄kpọ ẹyom emem emem itie ebuana ye Rome.—Luke 16:14; 19:45, 46; John 2:14; 7:47-49; 11:47, 48.
Ke n̄kan̄ eken, mme usụhọde owo Judea ẹma ẹbọ ufen mfịghe ukpe tax nnọ Rome ye mbon ufịk idụt mmọ. Mmọ ikokopke ndọn̄esịt ndomokiet ke ndidu ke idak inuaokot Pax Romana (Emem Mbon Rome) edi ẹkeyom ukpụhọde. Edin̄wana nyom mme ufọn emi ama osụn̄ọ ke ata enyene-ndịk en̄wan idụt. Josephus ekewet ete, “Otu kiet ama ebiere ndikara, efen ekebiere ndinam afai nnyụn̄ n̄wo mbon inyene.”
Mbon afaka, ke uwụtn̄kpọ, ẹma ẹsibụme ẹnyụn̄ ẹwot ekemmọ mme Jew ẹnyụn̄ ẹdọhọ ke mme edinam mbon oyomonsia ẹmi ẹnen nte ufen oro ẹmiade mbon oro ẹdianade ye Rome. Andikpep eke ọyọhọ isua ikie iba oro, Johanan ben Torta, ama ọnọ ntak emi ke afanikọn̄ oro okosịmde mme Jew eke akpa isua ikie: “Mmọ ẹkediọk itọn̄ ẹbịne okụk ẹnyụn̄ ẹsua kiet eken.”
Idịghe n̄kpọ n̄kpaidem nte mbon Jew oro ẹkedide mme ata abak Abasi ẹkenyenede udọn̄ ẹban̄a edidi Messiah, emi mmọ ẹkedoride enyịn ndimen ukara mbon Rome mfep nnyụn̄ n̄wụk edinen Obio Ubọn̄ Abasi. Edi ndiọi owo ẹma ẹda idotenyịn emi ẹnam ufọn ẹnọ idemmọ.
Mme Nsunsu Messiah
Ke n̄kpọ nte isua 33 C.E., adaiso mme Jew kiet ekerede Gamaliel ama afiak eti ekemmọ mbọn̄ Jerusalem ete: “Koro tutu ko . . . Judas eyen Galilee adaha ada ke ini oro ẹwetde enyịn̄ mbio obio ẹsịn ke n̄wed, onyụn̄ odụri ndusụk owo ada. Enye nde atak, kpukpru mmọ eke ẹtienede enye ẹnyụn̄ ẹsuana.”—Utom 5:36, 37.
Ẹkenam ‘uwetenyịn̄’ oro ọkọsụn̄ọde ke Judas ndisịn ntịme ke 6 C.E. man ẹkpebọ okụk a-tax ẹnọ mbon Rome. Josephus asian nnyịn ete ke Judas ọkọdọhọ ete ke mme Jew “ekedi mbon ufep edieke mmọ ẹnyịmede ndikpe tax nnọ mbon Rome.” Enyịn̄ oro, Judas ọwọrọ oto enyịn̄ oro, Judah, ọnọde ekikere nte ke enye okoto esien oro ẹkedoride enyịn Messiah ndito. (Genesis 49:10) Cyclopædia eke McClintock ye Strong ọdọhọ ete, “Ufiop ufiop udọnikọ esie ye mme ukpepn̄kpọ esie ndiwọrọ etop ama odụri ediwak owo esịn ke usụn̄ esie, emi ediwak owo ẹkedade enye nte Messiah.”
Tịmfiọk ete ke Utom Mme Apostle 5:37 ọdọhọ ete ke mme anditiene Judas emi ikatakke ye enye. Nte eyen ukpepn̄kpọ Jew oro, Gaalya Cornfeld ọdọhọde, n̄ka esie “ama enyene ata nsọn̄ọ ye idotenyịn aban̄a Messiah.” Ke akpanikọ, mme adaiso iba ẹkedide mbon afaka, Menahem ye Eleazar, ẹketo ubon Judas, eyen Galilee oro. Ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ en̄wan mme Jew oro ke 66 C.E., Menahem ama ada n̄kpọekọn̄ oro ẹkebonde ke Masada otịm mme anditiene enye idem. Ekem, “enye ama ọnyọn̄ edi Jerusalem nte edidem” onyụn̄ “akabade edi etubom n̄ka en̄wan oro.” Encyclopaedia Judaica adian do ete, “Ekpere ndidi akpanikọ nte ke ẹkeda Menahem [eyen] Judah nte Messiah.”
Nte ededi, kpa ke isua oro, mme Jew mbon n̄ka ndomoidem ukpụhọ ukara ẹma ẹwot Menahem. Mme anditiene enye ẹma ẹfiak ẹfen̄e ẹka Masada, ke ebiet emi Eleazar ekedide etubom mbon afaka oro tutu ke 73 C.E. Ikọ uwotidem Eleazar ebiet idiọk ukpepn̄kpọ eteete esie Judas: “Ko ke anyanini, mbon uko nsan̄a mi, nnyịn ima ibiere ite ke idinamke n̄kpọ inọ mbon Rome m̀mê owo en̄wen ekededi ibọhọke Abasi ikpọn̄îkpọn̄.”
Edida San̄asan̄a eke Mme Christian Judea
Nte ededi, mbemiso en̄wan mme Jew oro ke 66 C.E., ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ mme esop Christian ke Judea, esịnede esop eke Jerusalem. (Utom 9:31) Mmọemi ẹma ẹsịne mme Jew oro ẹkenịmde ke akpanikọ ẹte ke Jesus eyen Nazareth ekedi Messiah oro ẹkebemde iso ẹtịn̄ ẹban̄a n̄kpa ye ediset ke n̄kpa esie. (Utom 2:22-36) Mme Christian ẹkedide Jew ẹma ẹsuan se mmọ ẹkenịmde ke akpanikọ mi ifịk ifịk, ke adan̄aemi ẹketiede emem emem ẹbet edifiak ndi Messiah, nte andikara ererimbot. Jesus ama owụt ete ke imọ idifiak idi “ke anyanini ama ekebe.”—Matthew 25:19, 31; 28:19, 20; Utom 1:8-11.
Edi inikiet oro en̄wan mme Jew akasiahade ke 66 C.E., nso ikakpan mme Christian Judea ndiyak idem nnọ akpa edikụt oro enye okokụtde unen? Mmọ nte eyịghe mîdụhe ẹma ẹti item eteufọk mmọ: “Kpukpru owo eke ẹmende ofụt ẹyekpan̄a ke ofụt.” (Matthew 26:52) Jesus n̄ko ama ọnọ mmọ ekikere oro adade ukem ukem kaban̄a odudu ukara Gentile. Enye ọkọdọhọ ete: “Ẹnọ Caesar se inyenede Caesar, ẹnyụn̄ ẹnọ Abasi se inyenede Abasi.” (Mark 12:17) Akande oro, Jesus ama ebemiso etịn̄ ete ke mbon oro ke abian̄a ẹdọhọde nte idide messiah ẹyedi, ẹte, “Ami ndi Enye,” n̄ko, “Ini ke ekpere,” edi enye ama odụri owo utọn̄ ete: “Ẹkûtiene mmọ.”—Luke 21:8.
Jesus ama akam ebemiso etịn̄ se ididide utịp en̄wan mme Jew oro, ọdọhọde ete: “Ke adan̄aemi mbufo ẹdikụtde nte mbonekọn̄ ẹkande Jerusalem ẹkụk, ẹfiọk ndien ẹte n̄wụre esie ke ekpere. Ke ini oro yak mmọ eke ẹdude ke Judea ẹfen̄e ẹka ikpọ obot; yak mmọ eke ẹdude ke esịt obio ẹwọn̄ọ ẹnyọn̄; yak mmọ eke ẹdude ke in̄wan̄ ẹkûnyụn̄ ẹdụk obio. . . . koro akwa mbaba eyesịm isọn̄, iyatesịt eyenyụn̄ odoro mbio obio ẹmi ke idem. Ndien mmọ ẹyeduọn̄ọ ke iso ofụt, ẹyenyụn̄ ẹtan̄ mmọ nte mbuotekọn̄ ẹka ke kpukpru mme idụt.”—Luke 21:20-24.
Enyene-ndịk akwa nsobo oro eketienede en̄wan mme Jew oro ekedi in̄wan̄în̄wan̄ edisu prọfesi Jesus! Edi, mme Christian Judea ẹma ẹbọhọ ke ndikokop item ‘mfehe n̄ka ikpọ obot.’ Encyclopaedia Judaica ọdọhọ ete, “Mbemiso Titus akakande Jerusalem okụk [ke 70 C.E.], mme Christian ẹkedude do ẹma ẹwọn̄ọ ẹka Pella.” Nte enemde, Pella okodu ke edem edere, ke n̄kpri obot mben akamba obot ke edem Akpa Jordan ndien ke ntre Itịghede Jordan ama abahade enye ofụri ofụri ọkpọn̄ Judea. G. A. Williamson ke ntọn̄ọikọ esie ke n̄wed oro, Josephus—The Jewish War, ọdọhọ ete, “Edi ọkpọsọn̄ n̄kpọ edifehe mbọhọ emi ndikpekedi uforo uforo edieke ẹkewetde prọfesi [Jesus] ke n̄kpọntịbe oro ama akada itie.”
Ke akpanikọ, edibọhọ oro mme Christian Judea ẹkebọhọde uforo uforo edi okopodudu uyarade nte ke mmọ ẹkedi mme anditiene ata Messiah. Emi edemede mme akpan mbụme. Nso ikedi uduak akpa edidi Messiah? Ndien nso ntọt ke en̄wan nsobo eke mme Jew emi ọnọ nnyịn mfịn, akpan akpan ikpehe n̄kaowo oro ẹkotde “Christian”? Ẹyeneme mme mbụme ẹmi ẹkaiso ke magazine emi.