Ŋshɔ Ni Egbo Wolokpoi​—Jwetri ni Anako Eko ni Tamɔ Nakai Da

YƐ WADI Qumran shishi, yɛ Ŋshɔ ni Egbo lɛ kooyianaigbɛ lɛ, anaa blema maji komɛi ni etsɔ amaŋfɔ. Akɛni jeeŋmɔ beebe ajɛ asusu akɛ eji Roma asraafoi amɔɔ ko ni eshwɛ hewɔ lɛ, mɛi ni tsaa shi amɛtaoɔ blema nibii lɛ ku amɛhiɛ amɛshwie nɔ. Shi Yesaia Ŋshɔ ni Egbo Wolokpo lɛ ni ayana yɛ 1947 mli lɛ ha amɛsusu nɛkɛ shikpɔŋ nɛɛ he ekoŋŋ.

Etsɛɛɛ ni woloŋlelɔi bayoo nɛkɛ tsui nɛɛ akɛ eji Yudafoi ajamɔ akutso ko nɔ̃. Jwɛŋmɔ ni ana nɔŋŋ ji akɛ nɛkɛ gbɔmɛi nɛɛ kɛ wolokpoi lɛ yato tɛkploi ni yɔɔ tɛsaai ni bɛŋkɛ jɛmɛ lɛ amli. Shi sɛɛ mli nibii ni ana lɛ ha yiŋkɔshikɔshi-feemɔ ba he.

Nɔ Ni Ana ni Anako Eko Da

Bedouinbii lɛ ahiɛ yɛ nibii ni akɛ niji eŋmala ni amɛyana lɛ ajara lɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ, beni nuumo ko gba yɛ 1952 mli akɛ beni eji gbekɛ nuu lɛ enyiɛ afi ko ni epila sɛɛ aahu kɛyashi be mli ni ebote tɛkplo ko mli yɛ tɛsaa ko hiɛ ni elaaje, ni eyana su kpuji kɛ blema kane ni akɛ mu woɔ mli lɛ, kɛkɛ ni eha amɛje nibii ataomɔ lɛ shishi ekoŋŋ.

Nuumo lɛ nyɛ ena tɛkplo lɛ yɛ tɛsaai lɛ ateŋ. Abana akɛ eji tɛkplo ni gbɔmɔ fee, ni awo lɛ gbɛi akɛ Cave 4 bianɛ. Bedouinbii nɛɛ yana woji kukuji ni akɛ niji eŋmala ni hɔ shikpɔŋ yɛ tɛkplo lɛ mli aaafee ninetalɔi fioo ko. Akɛ kukuji nɛɛ etooo su kpuji amli, no hewɔ lɛ titri ekpɔtɔ kwraa, amɛdi, ni amɛkumɔɔ. Be saŋŋ sɛɛ lɛ, ana kukuji 40,000, ni damɔ shi kɛha nɔ ni miihe ashɛ woji 400 ni akɛ niji eŋmala. Ana Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli woji lɛ fɛɛ fai komɛi, yɛ Biblia mli woji ni akɛ niji eŋmala lɛ oha mli, ja Ester wolo lɛ pɛ. Aŋmalako woji ni ayana yɛ Cave 4 lɛ mli lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni fa ahako.

Woji ni akɛ niji eŋmala ni ayana lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni sa kadimɔ jogbaŋŋ ji Samuel woji lɛ, ni aŋmala fɛɛ yɛ wolokpo kome nɔ lɛ. E-Hebri ŋmalɛ lɛ ni abaa yi yɛ niŋmalamɔi amlijaai 47 nɔ yɛ nɔ ni ekolɛ eeenyɛ eshɛ 57 nɔ lɛ tamɔ nɔ ni mɛi ni tsɔɔ Hela Septuagint shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ shishi lɛ kɛtsu nii lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Agbɛnɛ ana Hela Septuagint lɛ kukuji ni jɛ 3 Mose kɛ 4 Mose mli ni aŋmala aaafee klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli. 3 Mose ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ kɛ IAO damɔɔ shi kɛhaa Hebri יהוה, ni ji Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ, fe Hela Ky’ri·os, “Nuŋtsɔ” lɛ.a

Nɔ ni fata kuku lɛ eko ni jɛ 5 Mose wolo lɛ mli lɛ he ji Hebri ŋmalɛ lɛ eko ni efa jɛ 5Mo yitso 32, kuku 43, ni ana yɛ Septuagint lɛ mli ni atsɛ yɛ Hebribii 1:6: “Ha Nyɔŋmɔ bɔfoi fɛɛ aja lɛ.” Enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ be mli ni ana niŋmaa liamɔ nɛɛ yɛ Hebri ŋmalɛ ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ eko mli, ni jieɔ ŋmalɛ ni eka shi faŋŋ akɛ edamɔ Hela shishitsɔɔmɔ nɔ lɛ kpo. No hewɔ lɛ woloŋlelɔi enu Septuagint ŋmalɛ lɛ ni afɔɔ esɛɛ tsɛmɔ yɛ Kristofoi a-Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ shishi.

Ana 2 Mose wolokpo ko ni abu ebe lɛ akɛ eshishijee jɛ afii ohai etɛ D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mlijaai ejwɛ mli etɛ lɛ mli, Samuel nɔ lɛ eko je shishi kɛmiiba nakai afii oha lɛ nɔŋŋ naagbee, kɛ Yeremia wolokpo ko hu ni jeɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ afi 225 kɛ 175 D.Ŋ.B. teŋgbɛ. Ana niŋmaai babaoo ni jɛ afii ohai etɛ kɛbashi klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ mli lɛ ni haa aleɔ tsakemɔi ni baa yɛ niŋmaai kɛ Hebri kɛ Aramaik alfabɛta komekomei lɛ aŋmalamɔ mli lɛ mli, nɔ ko ni sɛɛnamɔ babaoo yɔɔ he ni ha alè be mli ni akɛ niji ŋmala enɛɛmɛi.

Cave 11 Naakpɛɛ Nii Lɛ

Yɛ naagbee lɛ, Bedouinbii kɛ shitsalɔi ni taoɔ blema nibii lɛ tao shikpɔŋ ni ebɔle Qumran he lɛ nɔ nɔ fɛɛ nɔ mli jogbaŋŋ. Shi gbi ko, yɛ 1956 mli lɛ, Bedouinbii nɛɛ ekomɛi yɔse akɛ afutufatai miifa kpo kɛmiijɛ tɛsaai ni yɔɔ Cave 1 kooyigbɛ lɛ fɔji amli. Amɛkwɔ ni amɛya na tɛkplo kroko, ni atsi naa. Ajie tɛi ni amɛtsiimɔ shɛɔ tɔn enyɔ dani ana gbɛ abote mli. Nɔ ni ana yɛ mli lɛ yɛ naakpɛɛ tsɔ​—woji enyɔ ni akɛ niji eŋmala agbe naa kɛ ekrokomɛi afai enumɔ ni dara.

Nɔ ni sa kadimɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ mli ji Lala wolo lɛ wolokpo fɛfɛo ko. Kooloo hewolo ni aŋma yɛ nɔ lɛ timɔ tsɔɔ akɛ ekolɛ tsinabi wolo akɛŋma shi jeee toowolo. Fɛɛ feɔ woji enumɔ ni aŋmala nii yɛ nɔ, woji ejwɛ ni abaanyɛ atserɛ mli, kɛ woji kukuji loo fufuji ejwɛ ni baaha fɛɛ kɛlɛ afee nɔ ni fe ninetalɔi 13. Eyɛ mli akɛ abaa wolokpo nɛɛ ŋwɛigbɛ lɛ yi jogbaŋŋ moŋ, shi eshishigbɛ lɛ saŋŋ ekpɔtɔ. Eŋmaa je shishi kɛjɛ Ŋ.B. klɛŋklɛŋ afii oha lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ fa lɛ mli, ni lalai 41 fai komɛi yɛ mli. Aŋmala Tetragrammaton lɛ shii 105 yɛ blema paleo-Hebri niŋmaai amli, ni ehaa esoroɔ lɛ kwraa yɛ Hebri niŋmaa ni hiɛ koji-ejwɛ su lɛ he.

Aŋmala 3 Mose lɛ fa kroko ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ yɛ blema Hebri niŋmaai amli, shi anyɛko atsɔɔ nɔ hewɔ ni enɛ tamɔ nakai lɛ mli jogbaŋŋ lolo. No ji wolo ni aŋma lɛ nɛkɛ ni akɛtsuɔ nii yɛ be mli ni Yudafoi lɛ tee nom mli yɛ Babilon yɛ afii ohai kpawo D.Ŋ.B. lɛ naagbee ni kɛ fe fɛɛ eko ni tamɔ nakai ni yɔɔ.

Ana Targum lɛ eko, ni ji Hiob wolo lɛ ni aŋmala lɛ kukuji yɛ Aramaik wiemɔ mli. Efata Targum ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ eko ni aŋmala lɛ he. Ana woji ni aŋmala Biblia mli woji krokomɛi ahe saji hu yɛ mli yɛ tɛkploi sɔrɔtoi amli. Te fee tɛŋŋ ni akɛ nɛkɛ wolokpoi nɛɛ fɛɛ bato jogbaŋŋ yɛ nɛkɛ tɛkploi nɛɛ amli lɛ?

Taakɛ wɔtsɔ hiɛ wɔtsi ta lɛ, ekolɛ Qumran akutso lɛ mlibii lɛ kɛ ekomɛi to. Shi kɛ wɔkwɛ odaseyeli lɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni Yudafoi ni joɔ foi kɛjɛɔ Roma asraafoi ni tutuaa Yudea lɛ ahiɛ yɛ afi 68 Ŋ.B., dani Yerusalem hiɛkpatamɔ lɛ ba no sɛɛ afii enyɔ lɛ ji mɛi ni kɛ babaoo yato jɛmɛ. Yudea ŋa kpalanaa lɛ ji adebɔɔ naa abobaa he ni yɔɔ shweshweeshwe kɛha nibii ni akɛ niji eŋmala ni jara wa waa nɛɛ, ni jeee yɛ tɛkploi ni bɛŋkɛ Qumran lɛ mli pɛ, shi yɛ ekrokomɛi ni yɔɔ kooyigbɛ, yɛ enɛɛmɛi asɛɛ shitooi babaoo, ni ebɔle Yeriko he, kɛ wuoyigbɛ yɛ Masada masɛi gbɛ lɛ hu mli. Kwɛ bɔ ni wɔdaa shi ha akɛ abaa yi! Amɛkɛ bɔ ni Yehowa Wiemɔ ni jɛ mumɔŋ lɛ tsakeee lɛ he odaseyeli lolo haa. Lɛlɛŋ, “wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ wiemɔ lɛ aaadamɔ shi kɛaatee naanɔ.”​—Yesaia 40:⁠8.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Akrabatsa ni yɔɔ baafa 13]

ETSƐŊ Nl BABAOO BAABA?

Eyɛ mli akɛ ayana nɛɛ afii nyɔŋmai abɔ eho moŋ, shi Ŋshɔ ni Egbo Wolokpoi nɛɛ kukuji babaoo yɛ ni aŋmalako ahako lolo. The New York Times ni ji December 23, 1990 nɔ lɛ wie eshi akɛ: “Woloŋlelɔi akuu ko ni gbalaa amɛhe shi kɛjɛɔ amɛnanemɛi woloŋlelɔi ahe ni amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ amɛaakala nɔ ni amɛhiɛ Iɛ eŋɔ enɛ he mfoniri ni asha lɛ po nom.” Shi wolo lɛ bɔ amaniɛ akɛ, afee tsakemɔi yɛ woloŋmalɔi akuu nɛɛ mli nyɛsɛɛ nɛɛ, ni eji nifeemɔ ko ni baafite “wolokpo lɛ ni gbɔmɛi akuu ko eŋɔ akɛ amɛweku gboshinii lɛ . . ., ni je lɛ baale babaoo yɛ be ni ekaaa yɛ yinɔsane mli nɛɛ he.”

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 12 lɛ Jɛ]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.