Woji Akalalɔ ni Fee Gbɛi Kɛha Ehe

ANI oyasumɔ be ko akɛ ooona ŋmalɛ ko yɛ Biblia lɛ mli shi onyɛɛɛ okai he ni ona yɛ lɛ? Ni kɛlɛ, beni okai wiemɔ kome pɛ lɛ, onyɛ ona kɛtsɔ Biblia concordance kɛ nitsumɔ nɔ. Aloo ekolɛ otee Kristofoi ahenaabuamɔ ko shishi yɛ he ni mɛi ohai abɔ, loo akpei abɔ ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ lɛ nyɛ amɛgbele amɛ Bibliai ni amɛkane ŋmalɛ beni atsɛ lɛ sɛɛ hiŋmɛitswaa fioo ko pɛ.

Yɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, ohiɛ nuu ko ni oleee lɛ lɛ nyɔmɔ. Eha o-Biblia kasemɔ fee mlɛo, ni eye ebua babaoo hu yɛ Bibliai ni ji anɔkwale ni wɔyɔɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ mli. Ena hewalɛ po yɛ gbɛ ni ato Bibliai ahe gbɛjianɔ aha lɛ mli.

Nuu lɛ ji Robert Estienne.a Eji woji akalalɔ, afɔ lɛ akɛ woji akalalɔ bi, yɛ Paris, France, yɛ afii ohai 16 lɛ shishijee mli. Nilee Hee kɛ Jamɔ Saamɔ be lɛ mli nɛ. Woji akalamɔ tsɔne lɛ bafee dɛŋdade ko. Henri Estienne, Robert tsɛ lɛ, ji woji akalalɔ ni ehe gbɛi waa, ni efee woji kpakpai pii ni ba kɛjɛ Nilee Hee be lɛ mli lɛ ekomɛi. Nɔ ni fata woji ni efee lɛ ahe ji woloŋlee kɛ Biblia mli woji ni efee kɛha Paris Univɛsiti lɛ, kɛ e-Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he skul lɛ—Sorbonne lɛ.

Shi nyɛhaa wɔgbalaa wɔjwɛŋmɔ kɛyaa bi lɛ, Robert Estienne, nɔ. Aleee ewoloŋlee he nɔ ko tsɔ. Shi ekase Latin ni etsɛɛɛ ni ekase Hela kɛ Hebri fɛɛ beni edako tsɔ. Robert kase woji akalamɔ he ŋaa kɛjɛ etsɛ ŋɔɔ. Beni ebaye Henri sɛɛ yɛ ewoji akalamɔ nitsumɔ lɛ mli yɛ 1526 lɛ, no mli lɛ ale Robert Estienne momo akɛ woloŋlelɔ ni yɔɔ wiemɔi ahe nilee waa. Eyɛ mli akɛ eŋmala Latin woji kɛ woloŋlee he woji krokomɛi ni pɛiɔ shihilɛ mli moŋ, shi eklɛŋklɛŋ suɔmɔ nii ni ŋwanejee ko bɛ he ji Biblia lɛ. Akɛni Estienne miisumɔ ni efee nɔ ni efee kɛha Latin ni hiɛnaanɔbii wieɔ lɛ eko eha Latin Biblia lɛ hewɔ lɛ, eje shishi akɛ eeeto nɔ ni tamɔ shishijee afii ohai enumɔ lɛ mli Jerome Latin Vulgate Biblia lɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ he gbɛjianɔ.

Vulgate ni Asaa Afee lɛ Ehee

Jerome etsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛjɛ shishijee Hebri kɛ Hela lɛ mli, shi beni shɛɔ Estienne gbii lɛ amli lɛ, Vulgate lɛ ehi shi afii akpe. Tɔmɔi kɛ tsakemɔi pii ebote Vulgate lɛ mli yɛ afii pii ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala ekomɛi lɛ hewɔ. Agbɛnɛ hu, yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli lɛ, akɛ blema adesai, wiemɔi ni afolɔ nɔ kuku, kɛ wiemɔi ni atsake amɛ shishinumɔ ni jeee anɔkwale ewo Biblia mli wiemɔi ni jɛ ŋwɛi ni akɛ mumɔ kanya eŋmaa lɛ mli obɔ ni akɛbala lɛ hu. Bɔ ni akɛ enɛɛmɛi efutu Biblia lɛ mli ŋmalɛ babaoo aha hewɔ lɛ, aje shishi akɛ aaakpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ amɛji niŋmaai ni jɛ mumɔŋ.

Bɔni afee ni ejie nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni jɛɛɛ shishijee nɔ̃ lɛ mli lɛ, Estienne kɛ niŋmaai ni awieɔ ashiɔ ni apɛiɔ emligbɛ niŋmaai amli ni akɛtsu nii yɛ hiɛnaanɔbii awoji ahe nikasemɔ mli lɛ tsu nii. Etao nɔ ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni yɔɔ lɛ. Ekpa wojiatoo hei ni yɔɔ Paris kɛ ehewɔ maji lɛ amli, kɛ hei tamɔ Évreux kɛ Soissons, ni ena blema ŋmalɛi ni akɛ niji eŋmala lɛ babaoo, ni ekome yɛ mli ni eka shi faŋŋ akɛ ejɛ afii ohai ekpaa lɛ mli. Estienne kɛ Latin ŋmalɛi lɛ amli niŋmaai lɛ eko fɛɛ eko to he jogbaŋŋ, ni ehala niŋmaai ni feɔ tamɔ amɛji anɔkwale lɛ pɛ. Akala nɔ ni jɛ nakai nitsumɔ lɛ mli ba, Estienne Biblia lɛ, klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa yɛ 1528, ni eji nifeemɔ gbɛ ko ni sa kadimɔ jogbaŋŋ yɛ Biblia mli ŋmalɛ ni ajaleɔ mli koni efee anɔkwale lɛ mli. Ekrokomɛi ni hi jogbaŋŋ ni Estienne ŋmala nyiɛ sɛɛ ba. Mɛi krokomɛi ni tsɔ ehiɛ lɛ ka akɛ amɛaajaje Vulgate lɛ, shi enɔ lɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ̃ ni kɛ nɔ ni abaadamɔ nɔ apɛi ekrokomɛi amli jogbaŋŋ ha. Estienne tsɔɔ he ni eshi kukuji komɛi ni yiŋkɔshikɔshi-feemɔ yɔɔ he loo he ni abaanyɛ akɛ wiemɔi krokomɛi ato najiaŋ lɛ yɛ wolo lɛ naabui. Etsɔɔ niŋmaai amli ni ejɛ ejaje enɛɛmɛi lɛ hu.

Estienne kɛ nibii pii ni amɛji ehee kwraa ba kɛha afii ohai 16 lɛ. Ekɛ sɔrɔto-feemɔ ba Apocrypha woji lɛ kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ teŋ. Ekɛ Bɔfoi lɛ Asaji awolo lɛ baye Sanekpakpai lɛ asɛɛ kɛye Paulo woji lɛ ahiɛ. Ekɛ wiemɔi titrii fioo ko ha yɛ baafa fɛɛ baafa yiteŋgbɛ, koni eye ebua kanelɔi lɛ ni amɛna wiemɔi kukuji pɔtɛɛ komɛi. Enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ be mli nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ kɛha nɔ ni afɔɔ lɛ tsɛmɔ ŋmɛnɛ akɛ yitsei ni jeɔ kpo yɛ baafa fɛɛ baafa lɛ. Yɛ nɔ najiaŋ ni ekɛ Gothic niŋmaa ni ti, loo niŋmaa okadi ediŋ titirii, ni jɛ Germany lɛ aaatsu nii lɛ, Estienne ji klɛŋklɛŋ mɛi ni kala Biblia muu lɛ fɛɛ yɛ Roma niŋmaa okadii ni tiii tsɔ ni ekanemɔ waaa ni akɛtsuɔ nii bianɛ lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome. Eto ŋmalɛi krokomɛi ni kɔɔ sane kome ko lɛ nɔŋŋ he ni abaanyɛ ana yɛ he kroko, kɛ nikasemɔi ahe saji koni eye ebua ni etsɔɔ kukuji komɛi ashishi lɛ he lɛ hu he gbɛjianɔ.

Abladei kɛ osɔfoi pii ahiɛ sɔ Estienne Biblia lɛ, ejaakɛ ehi kwraa fe ekrokomɛi fɛɛ ni akwɛ Vulgate lɛ nɔ aŋmala lɛ. Yɛ efɛo, ekpakpa ni eji, kɛ ekɛ nitsumɔ gbɛfaŋ lɛ, enɔ̃ lɛ bafee nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ̃, ni etsɛɛɛ ni abɔi no kasemɔ yɛ Europa fɛɛ.

Maŋtsɛ Wolo Kalalɔ Lɛ

Abɛi 22:29 kɛɛ: “Kɛ oona nuu ni bɔɔ mɔdɛŋ yɛ nitsumɔ mli lɛ, maŋtsɛmɛi ahiɛ tete eeedamɔ.” Francis I, France maŋtsɛ lɛ yoo nibii heei ni Estienne kɛbaa yɛ eŋaa nitsumɔi kɛ wiemɔi amli nyɛmɔ mli lɛ. Estienne batsɔ maŋtsɛ lɛ wolo kalalɔ yɛ Latin, Hebri, kɛ Hela wiemɔi amli. Hegbɛ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ mli Estienne jɛ efee nɔ ni abuɔ kɛbashi bianɛ akɛ French woji akalamɔ he gbɛjianɔtoo ni nɔ bɛ lɛ. Eje shishi yɛ 1539 akɛ eeefee klɛŋklɛŋ Hebri Biblia muu ni hi fe fɛɛ ni akala yɛ France. Ekɛ mfonirii wo e-Latin Biblia lɛ mli yɛ 1540. Shi, yɛ nɔ najiaŋ ni eeefee Biblia mli mfonirii ni tamɔ shwɛmɔ nii ni ale jogbaŋŋ yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli lɛ, Estienne kɛ nitɛŋmɔi ni tsɔɔ mɔ nii ni damɔ shitsaa kɛ blema nibii ataomɔ he odaseyeli nɔ loo edamɔ nibii asusumɔi kɛ mlitsɔɔmɔi ni anaa yɛ Biblia lɛ diɛŋtsɛ mli lɛ nɔ ha. Mfonirii ni akpɛ yɛ tsei anɔ nɛɛ tsɔɔ nibii tamɔ kpaŋmɔ adeka lɛ, osɔfo nukpa lɛ atadei, kpee buu lɛ, kɛ Salomo sɔlemɔtsu lɛ mli fitsofitso.

Estienne kɛ Hela nikalamɔ nibii krɛdɛɛ ni eshɛ kɛha maŋtsɛ lɛ woji ni eŋmala ni abua naa lɛ akalamɔ tsu nii ni ekɛfee klɛŋklɛŋ Kristofoi a-Hela Ŋmalɛ ni akwɛ mli jogbaŋŋ. Eyɛ mli akɛ Estienne Hela ŋmalɛ lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ enyɔ ni efee lɛ hi fioo fe Desiderius Erasmus nɔ ni efee lɛ moŋ, shi yɛ nɔ ni ji etɛ ni efee yɛ 1550 mli lɛ, Estienne kɛ nibii ni atao mli ni abua naa kɛ ekrokomɛi ni atsɛ sɛɛ ni jɛ niŋmaai 15 komɛi amli, ni afii ohai enumɔ Ŋ.B. lɛ mli Codex Bezae lɛ kɛ Septuagint Biblia fata he lɛ fata he. Akpɛlɛ nɔ ni Estienne fee nɛɛ nɔ yɛ hei babaoo akɛ, yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ ebafee nɔ ni adamɔ nɔ afee nɔ ni akɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ Textus Receptus, loo Ŋmalɛ ni Nine Eshɛ nɔ, ni adamɔ nɔ afee sɛɛ mli shishitsɔɔmɔi babaoo, ni King James Version ni afee yɛ 1611 fata he lɛ.

Sorbonne Te Shi Wo Jamɔ Saamɔ Lɛ

Akɛni Luther kɛ Jamɔ Saalɔi krokomɛi atsɔɔmɔi miigbɛ kɛmiishwa Europa fɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ tao akɛ eeena nɔ ni gbɔmɛi lɛ susuɔ lɛ nɔ hewalɛ kɛtsɔ nɔ ni amɛkaneɔ lɛ kudɔmɔ nɔ. Pope Leo X ewo akpɔ yɛ June 15, 1520, ni eefa akɛ akakala, akahɔɔ, loo akakane wolo ko ni “musubɔɔi” yɔɔ mli yɛ Katolik shikpɔŋ ko nɔ, ni eebi ni nɔyeli lɛ mli nɔyelɔi lɛ akwɛ ni amɛtsu akpɔ lɛ he nii yɛ amɛ nɔyeli hei lɛ. Yɛ England lɛ, Maŋtsɛ Henry VIII shi woji amlikwɛmɔ nɛɛ ewo Katolik osɔfo nukpa Cuthbert Tunstall dɛŋ. Shi yɛ Europa hei pii lɛ, hegbɛ ni ajeee he ŋwane ni akɛtsuɔ saji ni kɔɔ tsɔɔmɔi ahe lɛ he nii, yɛ pope lɛ sɛɛ, ji Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi anikasemɔ he ni yɔɔ Paris Univɛsiti—Sorbonne lɛ.

Sorbonne lɛ ji Katolik ortodɔks naawielɔ. Akɛ afii ohai abɔ ebu enɛ akɛ gbogbo ni buɔ Katolik hemɔkɛyeli lɛ he. Sorbonne lɛ woji amlikwɛlɔi lɛ te shi wo Vulgate ni akwɛ nɔ aŋmala ekomɛi jogbaŋŋ lɛ kɛ nɔ ni atsɔɔ shishi kɛtee maŋbii awiemɔi amli lɛ fɛɛ, ni amɛbuɔ enɛɛmɛi akɛ “jeee nɔ ni sɛɛnamɔ bɛ he kɛha sɔlemɔ lɛ pɛ kɛkɛ shi nɔ ni yeɔ awui hu.” Enɛ bɛ naakpɛɛ yɛ be mli ni Jamɔ Saalɔi ayiŋ miifee amɛ kɔshikɔshi yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi, kusum-nifeemɔi, kɛ blemasaji ni damɔɔɔ Ŋmalɛ nɔ lɛ he lɛ. Shi, Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi pii ni yɔɔ Sorbonne lɛ bu sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni akɛ woo haa lɛ akɛ amɛhe hiaa waa fe Biblia lɛ diɛŋtsɛ kanemɔ yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ. Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔ ko kɛɛ: “Kɛ nine shɛ tsɔɔmɔi lɛ anɔ pɛ lɛ, Ŋmalɛi lɛ tamɔ gbogbotswaa agbo ni ajieɔ beni atswa gbogbo lɛ agbe naa.” Tsɔɔlɔi lɛ ateŋ mɛi pii leee Hebri kɛ Hela wiemɔ he nɔ ko, ni kɛlɛ amɛgbeɔ Estienne kɛ Nilee Hee woloŋlelɔi lɛ ni pɛiɔ shishijee Biblia mli wiemɔi ni akɛtsuɔ nii lɛ ashishinumɔ mli lɛ anikasemɔi lɛ ahe guɔ. Sorbonne tsɔɔlɔ kpanaa ko nyɛ ekɛɛ po akɛ, “Hebri kɛ Hela wiemɔ he nilee ni aaaha eshwere lɛ baaha akpata jamɔi fɛɛ hiɛ.”

Sorbonne Tutua

Eyɛ mli akɛ Estienne Vulgate lɛ je emlikwɛmɔ ni nikasemɔ he lɛ fee lɛ mli moŋ, shi efeee nakai ni naataomɔ bɛ mli. Aŋɔ Vulgate lɛ akɛ univɛsiti lɛ Biblia titri ni abuɔ waa, yɛ afii ohai 13 lɛ mli tɔ̃ɔ, ni kɛha mɛi pii lɛ, tɔmɔ ko bɛ emli ŋmalɛi lɛ amli. Nikasemɔ he lɛ po bu woloŋlelɔ Erasmus ni abuɔ lɛ waa lɛ po fɔ yɛ nii ni etsu yɛ Vulgate lɛ he lɛ mli. Anɔkwale ni eji akɛ maŋ lɛ mli wolo kalalɔ folo ko kɛkɛ aaana ekãa ni ekɛaajaje ŋmalɛ ni maŋ lɛ eŋɔfee enɔ lɛ ji sane ni fãa mɛi komɛi atsui.

Ekolɛ, nɔ ni fe fɛɛ lɛ, Estienne wolo naabu niŋmalamɔi lɛ ji nɔ ni hao Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi lɛ. Saji lɛ kɛ yiŋkɔshikɔshi-feemɔ ba anɔkwale ni Vulgate lɛ mli ŋmalɛ lɛ ji he. Nɔ ni jɛ bɔ ni Estienne shweɔ ni ejale niŋmaai lɛ ekomɛi amli eha lɛ mli ba ji enaa ni afolɔ akɛ eebote Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ nikasemɔ he lɛ nɔyeli he lɛ. Ekɛɛ naafolɔmɔ lɛ bɛ mli, ni etsɔɔ akɛ esaji ni eŋmala lɛ ji wiemɔi kɛ woji ahe saji kukuji anaamuamɔi pɛ kɛkɛ. Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, nɔ ni eŋma yɛ 1 Mose 37:35 he lɛ tsɔɔ mli akɛ, anyɛŋ anu wiemɔ “hell” [Latin, infernum] lɛ shishi yɛ jɛmɛ akɛ he ko ni agbalaa efɔŋ feelɔi lɛ atoi yɛ. Nikasemɔ he lɛ folɔ enaa akɛ ekpoo susuma ni gbooo lɛ kɛ “krɔŋkrɔŋ bii” lɛ amlidaamɔ hewalɛ lɛ.

Shi, maŋtsɛ lɛ sumɔɔ Estienne sane ni ebuɔ ehe. Francis I jie miishɛɛ babaoo kpo yɛ Nilee Hee lɛ he nikasemɔ mli, titri lɛ edehei awoji kalalɔ lɛ nitsumɔ lɛ. Abɔ amaniɛ akɛ, Francis I po yasara Estienne, ni be ko lɛ eto etsui shi emɛ beni Estienne feɔ naagbee jajemɔi yɛ ŋmalɛ ko mli lɛ. Estienne nyɛ eku Sorbonne lɛ naa, yɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ sɛɛfimɔ hewɔ.

Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he Nikaselɔi Gu E-Bibliai Lɛ

Shi, yɛ 1545 mli lɛ, saji ni tetee shi lɛ ha Sorbonne nikasemɔ he lɛ gbala emlifu fɛɛ kɛba Estienne nɔ. Akɛni amɛna sɛɛnamɔ ni yɔɔ ekome ni amɛaafee amɛshi Jamɔ Saalɔi lɛ mli hewɔ lɛ, Katolik univɛsiti sɔrɔtoi ni yɔɔ Cologne (Germany), Louvain (Belgium), kɛ Paris lɛ etsɔ hiɛ amɛkpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ amɛbaafee ekome yɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni jeee ortodɔks lɛ mlikwɛmɔ mli. Beni Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi ni yɔɔ Louvain Univɛsiti ŋma Sorbonne lɛ wolo ni amɛkɛmiitsɔɔ bɔ ni efeɔ amɛ naakpɛɛ akɛ Estienne Bibliai lɛ pueko yɛ Paris woji ni abu nomɛi fɔ ni ato naa lɛ mli lɛ, Sorbonne lɛ kɛ amale ha hetoo akɛ, eji amɛna kulɛ amɛbaabu nomɛi fɔ. Estienne henyɛlɔi ni yɔɔ nikasemɔ he lɛ na hekɛnɔfɔɔ agbɛnɛ akɛ, nikasemɔ hei ni yɔɔ Louvain kɛ Paris ni amɛfee ekome lɛ baafee nɔ ni fa bɔ ni amɛaanyɛ amɛkɛtsɔ Francis I yiŋ yɛ ewoji akalalɔ lɛ tɔmɔi lɛ ahe.

Shi, akɛni atsɔ hiɛ abɔ lɛ kɔkɔ yɛ ehenyɛlɔi lɛ ayiŋtoo he hewɔ lɛ, Estienne klɛŋklɛŋ tsɔ hiɛ etee maŋtsɛ lɛ ŋɔɔ. Estienne kɛ esusumɔ ha akɛ, kɛji akɛ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi lɛ baanyɛ ato tɔmɔi komɛi ni amɛna lɛ anaa lɛ, ebaasumɔ ni ekala enɛɛmɛi kɛ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi lɛ asaamɔi lɛ, ni ekɛbaawo Biblia fɛɛ Biblia ni aaahɔ̃ɔ lɛ mli. Maŋtsɛ lɛ kpɛlɛ susumɔ nɛɛ nɔ. Ekɛɛ Pierre du Chastel, maŋtsɛ wolokanelɔ lɛ, akɛ ekwɛ ni etsu sane lɛ he nii. Yɛ 1546 October mli lɛ, nikasemɔ he lɛ ŋma Du Chastel shitee-kɛ-woo wolo akɛ Estienne Bibliai lɛ ji “niyenii kɛha mɛi ni kpooɔ wɔ Hemɔkɛyeli lɛ, ni efiɔ musubɔɔi . . . ni yaa nɔ lɛ sɛɛ,” no hewɔ lɛ eyi obɔ kɛ tɔmɔi bɔ ni yɛ no hewɔ lɛ, esa akɛ “atsumɔ ni akpata fɛɛ hiɛ.” Akɛni enɛ tsɔɔɔ maŋtsɛ lɛ yiŋ hewɔ lɛ, lɛ diɛŋtsɛ efa nikasemɔ he lɛ koni amɛkɛ tɔmɔi lɛ aba koni akɛfata Estienne Bibliai lɛ ahe akala. Amɛwo shi akɛ amɛbaafee nakai, shi amɛfee nɔ fɛɛ nɔ ni amɛaanyɛ moŋ koni amɛkaŋmala tɔmɔi ni amɛkɛɛ eyɔɔ mli lɛ amɛha.

Francis I gbo yɛ March, 1547, ni eha Estienne laaje ehefatalɔ ni yɔɔ hewalɛ ni teɔ shi woɔ Sorbonne lɛ. Beni Henry II baye maŋtsɛ lɛ, eti etsɛ famɔ lɛ mli akɛ nikasemɔ he lɛ kɛ tɔmɔi ni amɛna lɛ aba. Ni kɛlɛ, beni ena bɔ ni German lumɛi lɛ kɛ Jamɔ Saamɔ lɛ tsuɔ nii koni amɛna hegbɛ yɛ maŋkwramɔŋ lɛ, Henry II eyanyaaa sɛɛnamɔi ni yɔɔ maŋtsɛ wolo kalalɔ lɛ Bibliai lɛ ahe loo sɛɛnamɔi ni bɛ he lɛ ahe tsɔ, tamɔ bɔ ni efee yɛ France, ni eeeha ehi shi akɛ Katolik maŋ ni efee ekome hu yɛ emaŋtsɛ hee lɛ shishi lɛ he. Yɛ December 10, 1547 lɛ, maŋtsɛ Ŋaawolɔi Agwabɔɔ lɛ kpɛ yiŋ akɛ atsĩ Estienne Bibliai lɛ ahɔɔmɔ naa kɛyashi be mli ni Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi lɛ kɛ amɛ tɔmɔi ni amɛto naa lɛ aaaba dã.

Afolɔ Enaa akɛ Musubɔlɔ

Agbɛnɛ nikasemɔ he lɛ tao gbɛ ni amɛaatsɔ nɔ ni amɛha akɛ Estienne sane lɛ ayaha saneyeli he krɛdɛɛ ko ni ato ama shi ehee lɛ, koni amɛye musubɔɔ he saji lɛ. Ehe ehiaaa ni akai Estienne yɛ oshara ni ebaje mli lɛ he. Beni ato ama shi lɛ sɛɛ afii enyɔ pɛ ni abale saneyeli he lɛ akɛ chambre ardente, loo “tsũ ni ashãa mɔ yɛ mli.” Afimɔ mɛi aaafee 60 akpɛtɛ tsei ahe, ni mɛi ni fata he ji woji akalalɔi kɛ woji ahɔɔlɔi ni ashã amɛ hiɛkalɔi yɛ Place Maubert, ni kɛ Estienne shinaa naa jɛkɛmɔ feɔ minitii fioo ko mli nyiɛmɔ lɛ. Abote Estienne shia lɛ mli shii abɔ ni aatao odaseyeli bibioo ko ni teɔ shi woɔ lɛ. Abibii odasefoi fe 80 saji. Awo mɛi ni baakɛɛ nɔ ko ashi lɛ lɛ shi akɛ, kɛ anyɛ abu lɛ fɔ akɛ musubɔlɔ lɛ, akɛ nibii ni eyɔɔ lɛ fɛɛ mlijaa ejwɛ mli ekome baaha amɛ. Ni kɛlɛ, odaseyeli ni amɛyɔɔ pɛ ji nɔ ni Estienne ekala yɛ faŋŋ mli yɛ e-Bibliai lɛ amli lɛ.

Maŋtsɛ lɛ fa ekoŋŋ akɛ, akɛ nikasemɔ he lɛ tɔmɔi ni amɛto naa lɛ aha e-Ŋaawolɔi Agwabɔɔ lɛ. Akɛni amɛkuɛŋ ti hewɔ lɛ, nikasemɔ he lɛ ha hetoo akɛ, ‘ejeee Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nikaselɔi lɛ su akɛ amɛaaŋmala yiŋtoi ahewɔ ni amɛbuɔ nɔ ko fɔ akɛ musubɔɔ nii lɛ amɛshwie shi, shi moŋ amɛkɛ amɛ naabu kɛkɛ haa hetoo, ni esa akɛ ohe oye, kɛ jeee nakai lɛ, niŋmaa baŋ naagbee.’ Henry kpɛlɛ nɔ kɛkɛ. Akɛ naagbee naatsii lɛ ba. Abu Biblia mli wolo fɛɛ wolo ni Estienne eŋmala lɛ fɛɛ fɔ. Eyɛ mli akɛ eje la ni aaashã lɛ hiɛkalɔ yɛ Place Maubert lɛ mli moŋ, shi ekpɛ eyiŋ akɛ ebaashi France, akɛni atsi e-Bibliai lɛ fɛɛ naa, ni amɛbaanyɛ amɛgba enaa lolo lɛ hewɔ.

Wolo Kalalɔ ni Eyahi Maŋsɛɛ

Estienne shi ni eyahi Geneva, Switzerland, yɛ November 1550. Nikasemɔ he lɛ eha afee mla akɛ akafee Biblia ko kwraa yɛ France, ja Vulgate lɛ. Akɛni Estienne eye ehe agbɛnɛ ni ekɛaaŋmala nɔ ni esumɔɔ hewɔ lɛ, eku sɛɛ ekala e-Hela “Kpaŋmɔ Hee” lɛ yɛ 1551, kɛ Latin shishitsɔɔmɔi enyɔ (Vulgate lɛ kɛ Erasmus nɔ̃ lɛ) yɛ baafa mlijaai afai enyɔ mli. Enyiɛ enɛ feemɔ sɛɛ yɛ 1552, kɛ Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔ yɛ French mli kɛ Erasmus Latin nɔ̃ lɛ yɛ afã gbɛ. Estienne kɛ egbɛjianɔtoo hee kɛha Biblia lɛ mlijaa kɛmiiwo kukuji ni akɛ akɔntaabuu okadii eto naa—gbɛjianɔtoo ni akɛtsuɔ nii ŋmɛnɛ yɛ jeŋ fɛɛ lɛ ba, yɛ shishitsɔɔmɔi enyɔ nɛɛ mli. Eyɛ mli akɛ mɛi krokomɛi etsɔ hiɛ amɛbɔ mɔdɛŋ yɛ gbɛi sɔrɔtoi anɔ akɛ amɛaajara kukuji lɛ amli moŋ, shi Estienne nɔ lɛ bafee nɔ ni akpɛlɛ nɔ. French Biblia ni efee yɛ 1553 lɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ Biblia ni yeɔ emuu ni hiɛ kukuji amlijaa nɛɛ.

Estienne Latin Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi enyɔ ni efee yɛ 1557 lɛ hu sa kadimɔ, yɛ Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ gbɛi, Jehova, ni ekɛtsu nii yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli fɛɛ lɛ hewɔ. Ekadi yɛ lala ni ji enyɔ lɛ naabu akɛ, ʼAdho·naiʹ ni akɛbaye Hebri Tetragrammaton (יהוה) lɛ najiaŋ lɛ damɔ Yudafoi apasa hemɔkɛyeli pɛ nɔ, ni esa akɛ akpoo. Estienne kɛ niŋmaai ni ama nɔ mi tsu nii ni ekɛtsɔɔ Latin wiemɔi ni akɛfata he koni akɛnu Hebri lɛ shishi lɛ, yɛ nɔ ni eŋmala lɛ mli. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ, akpɛlɛ wolo mli nifeemɔ nɛɛ nɔ yɛ Bibliai krokomɛi amli, gboshinii ni eha ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ wolo kanelɔi ni le bɔ ni akɛ wiemɔ-nɔmimaa tsuɔ nii yɛ ŋmɛnɛŋmɛnɛ beaŋ ni akɛma efa ko nɔ mi lɛ anaa ekpɛ amɛhe lɛ.

Akɛni etswa efai shi akɛ ebaaha mɛi krokomɛi ana enilee lɛ he sɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, Estienne tuu ewala eha Ŋmalɛi Krɔŋkrɔŋi lɛ afeemɔ. Mɛi ni buɔ Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ akɛ ejara wa waa ŋmɛnɛ lɛ baanyɛ ada shi yɛ emɔdɛŋbɔɔ kɛ mɛi krokomɛi ni kɛ piŋmɔ gbo deŋme koni ana Biblia mli wiemɔi taakɛ aŋmala kɛjɛ shishijee lɛ hewɔ. Nifeemɔ ni amɛje shishi lɛ miiya nɔ lolo, yɛ be mli ni wɔnaa blema wiemɔi lɛ ahe nilee ni ja, ni wɔnaa Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni amɛja waa hu lɛ. Be fioo ko dani eeegbo (1559) lɛ, no mli lɛ Estienne miitsu Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔ hee he nii. Abi lɛ akɛ: “Namɛi baahe enɛ? Namɛi baakane enɛ?” Ekɛ hekɛnɔfɔɔ ha hetoo akɛ: ‘Mɛi fɛɛ ni le nii, ni yɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ hetuu-kɛhamɔ lɛ.’

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 10]

Robert Estienne mɔdɛŋbɔi lɛ eye ebua Biblia kaselɔi ayinɔi pii

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 12]

Yinɔi pii kase Estienne mfonirii ni tsɔɔ mɔ nii lɛ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris