Naḥmanides—Ani Etsɔɔ akɛ Kristojamɔ Jeee Anɔkwale?

YƐ TEŊGBƐ Afii lɛ amli. Mɛni amɛhãa akaiɔ? Sɛŋmɔtso he tawuu? Yiwalɛ niseniianiifeemɔi? Gbɔmɛi ni apiŋɔ amɛ? Eyɛ mli akɛ yɛ nakai bei lɛ amli lɛ afɔɔɔ jamɔ he saji ahe sanegbaa yɛ faŋŋ mli moŋ, shi yɛ nakai bei lɛ amli, yɛ afii 1263 mli lɛ, Yudafoi kɛ Kristofoi aŋwanejeei lɛ ateŋ ekome ni yɔɔ sɔrɔto yɛ Europa yinɔsane mli lɛ tee nɔ. Namɛi fata he? Mɛɛ saji atee amɛ shi? Mɛɛ gbɛ nɔ ebaanyɛ eye ebua wɔ ni wɔyɔse anɔkwale jamɔ lɛ ŋmɛnɛ?

Mɛni Kɛ Naataomɔ lɛ Ba?

Roma Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ ehe tsɔɔ yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli fɛɛ akɛ lɛ ji anɔkwale jamɔ lɛ. Shi kɛlɛ, Yudafoi lɛ eŋmɛɛko kɛɛmɔ ni amɛkɛɔ akɛ amɛji Nyɔŋmɔ webii ni ehala lɛ he. Akɛni sɔlemɔ lɛ nyɛɛɛ atsɔ Yudafoi lɛ ayiŋ yɛ bɔ ni ehe hiaa ni amɛtsake amɛ jamɔ lɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛnijiaŋ jeɔ wui, ni bei pii lɛ, ekɛ awuiyeli kɛ yiwaa baa. Yɛ be mli ni awuɔ Sɛŋmɔtso He Tai lɛ, agbe Yudafoi akpei nyɔŋmai abɔ loo ashã amɛ yɛ tso he, yɛ be mli ni akɛ baptisimɔ loo gbele efɔ amɛhiɛ ni amɛhala emli ekome lɛ. Yɛ maji pii anɔ lɛ, shi ni ateɔ awoɔ Sembii ji nɔ ni yaa nɔ.

Kɛlɛ, su sɔrɔto ko tee nɔ yɛ Katolikbii amaŋ ni ji Spain yɛ afii ohai 12 kɛ 13 lɛ mli. Aha Yudafoi lɛ jamɔ mli heyeli—bei abɔ ni amɛwieee amɛshiii Kristofoi lɛ ahemɔkɛyeli—ni akɛ hegbɛi ni he hiaa po wo amɛdɛŋ yɛ maŋtsɛwe lɛ. Shi beni akɛ aaafee afii oha eduro amɛ nɛkɛ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Dominika osɔfoi lɛ to gbɛjianɔ koni amɛkɛba hewalɛ ni Yudafoi lɛ naa yɛ maŋbii lɛ anɔ lɛ shi, ni amɛtsake Yudafoi lɛ kɛba Katolik jamɔ mli. Dominikabii lɛ nyɛ Aragon Maŋtsɛ James I lɛ nɔ koni eto gbɛjianɔ kɛha sane naataomɔ yɛ mla naa, ni yiŋtoo ni yɔɔ sɛɛ ji ni akɛtsɔɔ bɔ ni Yudafoi lɛ ajamɔ lɛ baa shi ha, kɛ bɔ ni ehe hiaa ni Yudafoi fɛɛ atsake amɛ jamɔ.

Jeee enɛ ji klɛŋklɛŋ Yudafoi kɛ Kristofoi asane naataomɔ. Yɛ afi 1240 mli lɛ, akɛ hegbɛ ha ni ataa sane ko naa yɛ Paris, France. Yiŋtoo titri ni hɔ sɛɛ ji ni akɛka Talmud lɛ, ni ji Yudafoi lɛ awolo krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ akwɛ. Shi kɛlɛ, wiemɔ mli heyeli fioo ko pɛ aha Yudafoi ni tee lɛ na amɛkɛwie. Beni sɔlemɔ lɛ ejaje ekunimyeli yɛ ŋwanejee nɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, ashã Talmud woji lɛ babaoo diɛŋtsɛ yɛ maŋ teŋ.

Shi, Aragon Maŋtsɛ James I ni yɔɔ tsuishitoo mumɔ babaoo lɛ eŋmɛɛɛ gbɛ ni nakai hefɛoyeli saneyeli ni tamɔ nakai aya nɔ. Akɛni Dominikabii lɛ yɔse enɛ hewɔ lɛ, amɛkɛ gbɛ kroko tsu nii. Taakɛ Hyam Maccoby tsɔɔ mli yɛ ewolo ni ji Judaism on Trial lɛ mli lɛ, amɛfɔ̃ Yudafoi lɛ anine kɛha sane naataomɔ, “kɛ kwa ni amɛkwa amɛkɛɛ akɛ amɛbaajie yiŋtsɔmɔ subaŋ kpo fe ni amɛaabu amɛ fɔ́ taakɛ amɛfee yɛ Paris lɛ.” Dominikabii lɛ hala Pablo Christiani, ni ji Yudafonyo ni etsake kɛbote Katolik jamɔ mli, ni ebatsɔ Dominika osɔfo lɛ akɛ amɛ najiaŋdamɔlɔ nukpa. Dominikabii lɛ na nɔmimaa akɛ, kɛtsɔ Pablo Christiani nilee ni eyɔɔ yɛ Talmud lɛ kɛ rabifoi aniŋmaai lɛ amli lɛ nɔ lɛ, amɛbaanyɛ amɛtsɔɔ anɔkwale ni amɛ sane lɛ ji lɛ faŋŋ.

Mɛni Hewɔ Ahala Naḥmanides?

Mɔ kome pɛ yɔɔ Spain ni yɔɔ mumɔŋ dalɛ ni baanyɛ adamɔ Yudafoi lɛ anajiaŋ yɛ sane naataomɔ lɛ mli—lɛ ji Moses ben Naḥman loo Naḥmanides.a Akɛni afɔ lɛ aaafee afi 1194 yɛ Gerona maŋtiase lɛ mli hewɔ lɛ, Naḥmanides etsɔɔ faŋŋ momo akɛ eji Biblia lɛ kɛ Talmud lɛ he nilelɔ kɛjɛ egbekɛbiiashi tɔ̃ɔ. Beni eyeɔ afii 30 lɛ, no mli lɛ, eŋmala woji ekɛtsɔɔ Talmud lɛ mli saji pii ashishi, ni no sɛɛ etsɛɛɛ ni ebatsɔ mɔ titri ni anuɔ egbee ni sáa béi ni te shi yɛ Maimonides niŋmaai ni miihe ni ekɛ mligbalamɔ aba Yudafoi akutso lɛ mli lɛ.b Abuɔ Naḥmanides akɛ eji Yudanyo ni ji Biblia lɛ Talmud he nilelɔ ni fe fɛɛ yɛ eyinɔ, ni ekolɛ lɛ pɛ eyeɔ Maimonides sɛɛ, yɛ hewalɛ ni ena yɛ Yuda jamɔ nɔ yɛ nakai beaŋ lɛ mli.

Naḥmanides na Yudafoi akutso ni yɔɔ Catalonia lɛ nɔ hewalɛ babaoo, ni Maŋtsɛ James I lɛ po biɔ lɛ saji ni kɔɔ Maŋ saji sɔrɔtoi ahe. Yudafoi kɛ Jeŋmajiaŋbii fɛɛ buɔ lɛ waa yɛ enyɛmɔi ni eyɔɔ ni ekɛsusuɔ nii ahe oya lɛ hewɔ. Dominikabii lɛ yɔse akɛ, bɔni afee ni amɛba Yudafoi lɛ shi kwraa kɛmɔ shi lɛ, lɛ, ni ji amɛ rabifonyo ni fe fɛɛ lɛ ji mɔ ni esa akɛ etaa saji anaa.

Naḥmanides shashao shi akɛ eeekpɛlɛ saji anaataomɔ lɛ nɔ, ejaakɛ eyɔse akɛ, Dominikabii lɛ etoko amɛyiŋ akɛ amɛbaakpɛlɛ saji anɔ. Lɛ lɛ, ebaanyɛ eha saji ahetoo, shi enyɛŋ ebi sane ko kwraa. Shi kɛlɛ, ekpɛlɛ nɔ ni maŋtsɛ lɛ kɛɛ lɛ nɔ, ni ebi koni aŋmɛ lɛ gbɛ ni ewie yɛ heyeli mli kɛ eeha saji lɛ ahetoo. Maŋtsɛ James I lɛ kpɛlɛ enɛ nɔ. Aŋmɛko wiemɔ mli heyeli ni yashiɔ he ko gbɛ tamɔ nɛkɛ dã, ni afeee nakai dɔŋŋ yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli fɛɛ, enɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni maŋtsɛ lɛ buɔ Naḥmanides waa ehaa lɛ mli faŋŋ. Ni kɛlɛ, Naḥmanides miishe gbeyei lolo. Kɛji akɛ ayasusu akɛ ekɛ ekaa miiwie nyɛɛ ni kã amɛteŋ lɛ he babaoo tsɔ lɛ, haomɔ diɛŋtsɛ ji nɔ ni baajɛ mli aba lɛ kɛ Yudafoi akutso lɛ fɛɛ nɔ. Basabasafeemɔ baanyɛ ate shi be fɛɛ be.

Naḥmanides kɛ Pablo Christiani Tao Saji Anaa

Maŋtsɛ lɛ shia yɛ Barcelona ji he titri ni akpe yɛ kɛha sane naataomɔ lɛ. Akpe shii ejwɛ—July 20, 23, 26, kɛ 27, yɛ afi 1263. Maŋtsɛ lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ji sɛinɔtalɔ yɛ eko fɛɛ eko mli, ni Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Maŋ onukpai sɔrɔtoi ni hiɛ gbɛhei wuji ba eko, kɛ agbɛnɛ hu Yudafoi ni yɔɔ akutso lɛ mli lɛ.

Yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ, ŋwanejee ko kwraa bɛ nɔ ni baajɛ sane naataomɔ lɛ mli aba lɛ he. Yɛ saji ni Dominikabii lɛ eŋmala lɛ naa lɛ, amɛtsɔɔ akɛ, yiŋtoo ni yɔɔ sane naataomɔ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ ‘jeee koni ataa saji anaa yɛ hemɔkɛyeli lɛ hewɔ tamɔ nɔ ni aaje he ŋwane, shi moŋ koni afite Yudafoi lɛ atɔmɔi lɛ, ni ajie Yudafoi pii ahekɛnɔfɔɔ hemɔkɛyeli lɛ kɛya.’

Eyɛ mli akɛ Naḥmanides miihe aná afii 70 moŋ, shi ejie ejwɛŋmɔŋ nyɛmɔ ni mli ka shi faŋŋ lɛ kpo kɛtsɔ sanegbaa lɛ ni eha edamɔ otii ni amɛhe hiaa titri lɛ pɛ nɔ lɛ nɔ. Eje shishi akɛ: “Saji ni kã jeŋmajiaŋbii kɛ Yudafoi lɛ ateŋ ni átaa naa [kɛtsɔ hiɛ] lɛ kɔɔ jamɔ mli nifeemɔi sɔrɔtoi babaoo he, ni edamɔɔɔ shishijee shishitoo mla ni kɔɔ hemɔkɛyeli nɔ lɛ he lɛ nɔ. Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ gwabɔɔ he nɛɛ mli lɛ, miisumɔ ni mawie yɛ saji ni sane naataomɔ muu lɛ fɛɛ damɔ nɔ lɛ pɛ he.” Kɛkɛ ni akpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ, saji lɛ baadamɔ kɛji Mesia lɛ eba momo, kɛji akɛ eji Nyɔŋmɔ loo gbɔmɔ, kɛ agbɛnɛ, kɛji akɛ Yudafoi loo Kristofoi ji mɛi ni hiɛ anɔkwale mla lɛ pɛ nɔ.

Pablo Christiani je shishi ejaje yɛ ewiemɔ lɛ mli akɛ, ebaajɛ Talmud lɛ mli etsɔɔ akɛ Mesia lɛ eba momo. Naḥmanides ha hetoo akɛ kɛ nakai ni lɛ mɛni hewɔ ni rabifoi lɛ ni kpɛlɛɔ Talmud lɛ nɔ lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ Yesu nɔ mɔ? Yɛ nɔ najiaŋ ni Christiani aaaha enaataomɔi lɛ adamɔ Ŋmalɛi ni yɔɔ faŋŋ nɔ moŋ lɛ, ekɛ ewiemɔi lɛ damɔ rabifoi asaji ni bɛ faŋŋ lɛ anɔ ekɛma ewiemɔi lɛ anɔ mi shii abɔ. Naḥmanides tsɔ saji lɛ ni ekɔlɔ amɛ ekomekome lɛ nɔ etsɔɔ eko fɛɛ eko mli akɛ nɔ ni atsɛɔ sɛɛ lɛ ejaaa ni ejeee anɔkwale. Sane naatsɔɔmɔ ni ja baanyɛ atsɔɔ akɛ Naḥmanides baanyɛ ajie ehe kpo etsɔɔ akɛ, lɛ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ eji mɔ ni he esa jogbaŋŋ yɛ sane naataomɔ mli yɛ niŋmaai nɛɛ ni etu ewala bei fɛɛ ekɛkase lɛ amli. Kɛ Christiani tsɛ Ŋmalɛ ko po lɛ, ewiemɔ lɛ maa saji komɛi ni waaa kwraa akɛ aaatsɔɔ akɛ amɛjeee anɔkwale lɛ nɔ mi.

Eyɛ mli akɛ aŋmɛ Naḥmanides gbɛ koni eha saji ahetoo moŋ, shi enyɛ ekɛ wiemɔi ni mli wawai tsɔɔ nɔ hewɔ ni Yudafoi kɛ gbɔmɛi krokomɛi ni susuɔ nii ahe waa lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ hegbɛ ni Katolik Sɔlemɔ lɛ yɔɔ lɛ nɔ lɛ. Yɛ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ he lɛ, ejaje akɛ: “Yudanyo loo gbɔmɔ ko jwɛŋmɔ eŋmɛŋ lɛ gbɛ ni ehe eye akɛ ŋwɛi kɛ shikpɔŋ Bɔlɔ lɛ . . . baatsɔ Yuda yoo ko musuŋ kɛba . . . koni yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ [aŋmɛɛ] ehe awo ehenyɛlɔi, mɛi . . . ni gbe lɛ lɛ adɛŋ.” Naḥmanides wie tɛ̃ɛ akɛ: “Nɔ ni oheɔ oyeɔ—ni no ji ohemɔkɛyeli lɛ shishifã lɛ—jeee nɔ ni jwɛŋmɔ [shishinumɔ] baakpɛlɛ nɔ.”

Yɛ be mli ni Naḥmanides maa saji ni kɛ amɛhe kpaaa gbee, ni kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, no eŋmɛɛɛ Yudafoi lɛ pii agbɛ ni amɛsusu Yesu he akɛ mɔ ni baanyɛ afee Mesia lɛ he lɛ, ema sɔlemɔ lɛ layisɔyeli babaoo lɛ nɔ mi. Ekɛɛ akɛ: “gbalɔi lɛ kɛɛ akɛ yɛ Mesia lɛ bei amli lɛ, . . . amɛkɛ amɛklaŋtei aaasɔ̃ kɔii ni amɛkɛ amɛkplɔi hu aaasɔ̃ adedai. Jeŋmaŋ ko wóŋ klaŋte nɔ eshiŋ jeŋmaŋ ko, ni amɛkaseŋ tawuu dɔŋŋ! Kɛjɛ Nazarenyo lɛ nɔ aahu kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ, jeŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ eyi obɔ kɛ awuiyeli kɛ ojotswaa. [Lɛlɛŋ], Kristofoi lɛ eshwie lá babaoo shi fe jeŋmaji krokomɛi fɛɛ ni eshwɛ lɛ, ni amɛnyiɛɔ hiɛ yɛ jeŋba shara shihilɛi amli hu. Minuntsɔ maŋtsɛ, kwɛ bɔ ni ebaawa kɛha bo kɛ otabilɔi nɛɛ kɛji akɛ amɛkaseŋ tawuu dɔŋŋ!” (Wɔma efã ko nɔ mi.)—Yesaia 2:4.

Yɛ kpee ni ji ejwɛ lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, maŋtsɛ lɛ fã ni akɛ sane naataomɔ lɛ aba naagbee. Ekɛɛ Naḥmanides akɛ: “Minako mɔ ko ni asusuɔ akɛ esane ejaaa ni miitaa sane naa jogbaŋŋ tamɔ bɔ ni ofee nɛɛ eko dã.” Aragon Maŋtsɛ James I ye eshiwoo nɔ ni eha Naḥmanides na wiemɔ mli heyeli kɛ hebuu, ni eke lɛ dinar 300 ekɛwo lɛ gbɛ kɛtee shia. Gerona osɔfonukpa lɛ bi koni Naḥmanides aŋmala sane naataomɔ lɛ he saji eshwie shi.

Yɛ be mli ni atsɔɔ kunimyelɔ kwraa yɛ naagbee lɛ, enɛ gba Dominikabii lɛ anaa. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ, amɛkɛ naafolɔmɔ wiemɔi shi Naḥmanides akɛ ewie musubɔɔ wiemɔi eshi sɔlemɔ lɛ, ni amɛkɛ sane naataomɔ lɛ ni eŋmala eshwie shi lɛ tsu nii akɛ odaseyeli. Akɛni amɛtsui enyɔɔɔ amɛmli yɛ bɔ ni maŋtsɛ lɛ kɛ Naḥmanides ye ha lɛ hewɔ lɛ, Dominikabii lɛ kɛ sane lɛ yafɔ Paapa Clement IV hiɛ koni eye eha amɛ. Eyɛ mli akɛ no mli lɛ Naḥmanides eye fe afii 70 moŋ, shi atswa enane shi tu kɛjɛ Spain.c

Nɛgbɛ Anɔkwale lɛ Kã?

Ani naataomɔ ni afai sɔrɔtoi enyɔ lɛ kɛba lɛ ye ebua ni ayoo anɔkwale jamɔ lɛ? Yɛ be mli ni fã fɛɛ fã maa mɔ kroko lɛ tɔmɔi anɔ mi lɛ, amɛteŋ mɔ ko kɛ anɔkwale lɛ he shɛɛ sane ni mli ka shi faŋŋ haaa. Nɔ ni Naḥmanides kɛ hesaa kũ naa lɛ jeee anɔkwa Kristojamɔ, shi moŋ, adesai atsɔɔmɔi, tamɔ Triniti tsɔɔmɔ ni Kristendom kɛba yɛ Yesu sɛɛ afii ohai abɔ lɛ amli lɛ. Kristendom jeŋba shara kɛ lashishwiemɔ babaoo ni Naḥmanides kɛ ekãa ma nɔ mi lɛ hu ji yinɔsaji ni anyɛŋ aje he ŋwane.

Ewaaa akɛ aaanu nɔ̃ hewɔ ni yɛ shihilɛi nɛɛ ashishi lɛ, Naḥmanides kɛ Yudafoi krokomɛi lɛ ahiɛ esɔɔɔ naataomɔi ni akɛfiɔ Kristojamɔ sɛɛ lɛ shishi lɛ. Kɛfata he lɛ, Pablo Christiani wiemɔi lɛ damɔɔɔ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ ahe shishinumɔ ni mli ka shi faŋŋ nɔ, shi moŋ ekɛdamɔ rabifoi aniŋmaai ni ekɛtsu nii yɛ gbɛ ni ejaaa kwraa nɔ lɛ nɔ.

Dabi, Naḥmanides etsɔɔɔ akɛ anɔkwa Kristojamɔ jeee nɔ ni ja. Yɛ ebei amli lɛ, no mli lɛ akɛ apasa tsɔɔmɔi eha Yesu tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ahe anɔkwa la lɛ kɛ nibii ni yeɔ Mesia ni eji lɛ he odase lɛ nɔ. Yesu kɛ bɔfoi lɛ gba hemɔkɛyeli kwamɔ tsɔɔmɔi ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ni baaje kpo lɛ amɛfɔ shi.—Mateo 7:21-23; 13:24-30, 37-43; 1 Timoteo 4:1-3; 2 Petro 2:1, 2.

Shi kɛlɛ, anyɛɔ ayɔseɔ anɔkwale jamɔ lɛ faŋŋ ŋmɛnɛ. Yesu wie kɛkɔ enɔkwa sɛɛnyiɛlɔi lɛ ahe akɛ: “Amɛyibii lɛ nyɛkɛaale amɛ. . . . Nakai nɔŋŋ tso fɛɛ tso ni ji ekpakpa lɛ woɔ yibii kpakpai; shi tso fɔŋ woɔ yibii fɔji.” (Mateo 7:16, 17) Wɔmiifɔ̃ bo nine ni otao nakai kadimɔ nii lɛ. Ha Yehowa Odasefoi aye abua bo koni otao Ŋmalɛ mli odaseyelii lɛ amli jogbaŋŋ. Nɛkɛ gbɛ nɔ obaakase Nyɔŋmɔ shiwoi ni kɔɔ Mesia lɛ kɛ enɔyeli he lɛ shishinumɔ ni ji anɔkwale lɛ.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 20]

Naḥmanides tsɔɔ esane lɛ mli yɛ Barcelona

[He ni Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 19 lɛ Jɛ]

Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafã 19-20: Ajie kɛjɛ Illustrirte Pracht - Bibel/Heilige Schrift des Alten und Neuen Testaments, nach der deutschen Uebersetzung D. Martin Luther’s