Mantha Akugwira Dziko

KUPHULIKA kwakukulu kwa bomba la m’galimoto kunagwedeza nyumba yotchedwa World Trade Center ya zipinda zosanja 110 mu New York City pa February 26, 1993. Zikwi za ogwira ntchito zinatsekeredwa m’zikepe zoleka kugwira ntchito kapena zinangothaŵa kutsika makwerero odzaza utsi. Iwo anawamva mantha amene tsopano ali ofala m’dziko lachiwawali.

Anthu m’maiko ambiri awopsedwa ndi mabomba, amene akhala ofala m’maiko onga ngati Ireland ndi Lebanon. Eya, 13 anaphulika m’tsiku limodzi lokha​—March 12, 1993​—mu Bombay, India, akumapha anthu pafupifupi 200! Wopenyerera wina anati: “Muli chipoloŵe m’Bombay monse.” Malinga ndi kunena kwa magazini a Newsweek, “kufala [kwa bomba la m’galimoto] kumangolipangitsa kukhala lowopsa kwambiri.”

Mantha a Nyukliya Akupitiriza

Pali mantha akuti ziŵiya zotulutsira ndi kulamulira mphamvu ya nyukliya zikhoza kuyambukiridwa ndi mabomba. Kuukira kwachipambano pa malo opangira zida za nyukliya kungachititse chiwonongeko ndi kuvutika kosasimbika. Komwe kunatsimikizira mantha ameneŵa kunali kuyesayesa kwa mwamuna wina kugunditsa galimoto lake pa chitseko chotetezera pa malo opangira zida za nyukliya pa Three Mile Island mu United States.

Ambiri amawopa kuti zigaŵenga ndi olamulira ofuna mphamvu adzapeza zida za nyukliya. Ena amawopa kuti zikwi za asayansi a nyukliya omwe ali paulova ku Soviet Union wakale adzayesa kugulitsa maluso awo. Ndiponso, ngakhale kuti pangano la START ndi mapangano ena amaitanira za kuchepetsa kwambiri zida zanyukliya zolunjika pa chandamale mosavuta, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mapangano amenewo sikudzamalizidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Pakali pano, kuthekera kwa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida zimenezi ndi olamulira atsopano otengeka maganizo kudzakhala ngati mtambo wamkuntho wowopseza pa mtundu wa anthu.

Chiwawa Chimakulitsa Mantha

Kuwonjezeka kofalikira kwa upandu wachiwawa kumachititsa anthu kukhala amantha m’nyumba zawo ndi m’makwalala. Nzika za America zoyerekezeredwa kukhala 23,200 zinaphedwa mwambanda mu 1990. Mwachitsanzo, mumzinda wa Chicago, chiwonjezeko cha kugwiritsira ntchito crack cocaine chinachititsa kupha mwambanda pafupifupi 700 m’chaka chimodzi. Madera ena a mizinda ina akhala mabwalo ankhondo kumene odutsa, kuphatikizapo ana, aphedwa m’kumenyanako. Magazini ena akuti: “Chiwawa chikuwonjezeka mofulumira m’mizinda yaikulu pang’ono. . . . Palibe amene ali wotetezereka pamene zitaganya mu [United States] monse zili zodzala ndi anamgoneka ndi achichepere achiwawa. Chaka chilichonse 1 mwa mabanja a ku America 4 alionse amachitiridwa upandu wachiwawa kapena kuberedwa.”​—U.S.News & World Report, October 7, 1991.

Kuwopa kugwiriridwa chigololo kumachititsa akazi kukhala amantha. Mu France kugwirira chigololo kochitiridwa lipoti kunawonjezeka ndi 62 peresenti kuchokera mu 1985 kufikira mu 1990. Mkati mwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kuukira kwa kugonana kunaŵirikiza kaŵiri kufika pa 27,000 mu Canada. Germany anachitira lipoti kuukira kwa kugonana pa mkazi kumodzi pa mphindi zisanu ndi ziŵiri zilizonse.

Ana nawonso amadera nkhaŵa za chitetezo chawo. Newsweek ikusimba kuti mu United States, “ana, ngakhale a gredi lachinayi ndi lachisanu, akunyamula zida, ndipo aphunzitsi ndi akuluakulu a sukulu akuchita mantha.” Mkhalidwewo uli woipa kwambiri kwakuti nusu la sukulu zazikulu zaboma za m’matauni limagwiritsira ntchito ziŵiya zofufuzira chitsulo, koma achichepere olimba mtima amapeza njira yozizembera mwa kupereka mfuti kwa ena kudzera pazenera.

Kuwopa Aids

Anthu ochulukirachulukira akuwopa kutenga AIDS. Pali odwala oposa 230,000 mu United States mokha. AIDS yakhala chochititsa imfa chachikulu cha chisanu ndi chimodzi pakati pa azaka 15 kufikira 24. “Mtsogolo muli ndi chiyembekezo chowopsa cha kufalikira kwakukulu kwa matendawo,” ikutero Newsweek.

Imfa yochititsidwa ndi AIDS ikuwonjezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a maluso a kuvina, maseŵero, akanema, kuimba, kavalidwe, wailesi yakanema, zojambulajambula, ndi zina zofanana. Lipoti lina linanena kuti 60 peresenti ya imfa za amuna a ku Paris amene ali m’ntchito za utolankhani, kujambulajambula, ndi zosangulutsa amsinkhu wa zaka 25 kufikira 44 zinachititsidwa ndi AIDS. WHO (World Health Organization) ikusimba kuti kuyambira pa anthu mamiliyoni 8 kufika mamiliyoni 15 padziko lonse ali oyambukiridwa ndi HIV. Dr. Michael Merson, mkulu wa WHO, akuti: “Kuli koonekera bwino tsopano kuti kusakaza kwa kuyambukiridwa ndi HIV kuzungulira padziko kukuipiraipira mofulumira, makamaka m’maiko osauka.”

Ndithudi, palinso mantha a malo okhala ndi zina. Komabe, malipoti otchulidwa okhawo amasonyeza moonekeratu kuti mantha akugwira dziko. Kodi pali chinachake chimene chili chapadera kwambiri ndi zimenezi? Kodi tingayembekezere konse kukhala omasuka ku mantha?

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 2]

Zithunzithunzi zapachikuto: Kulamanzere: Tom Haley/​Sipa Press; Pansi: Malanca/​Sipa Press

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 3]

Bob Strong/​Sipa Press