Kodi Pali Chithandizo Chotani kwa Odwala Mosachiritsika?

M’NTHAŴI zaposachedwapa lingaliro la anthu ponena za imfa ndi kumwalira lakhala likusintha m’mbali zambiri za dziko.

Nthaŵi zakale madokotala anavomereza imfa monga mapeto osapeŵeka a utumiki wawo kwa odwala—mapeto oyenera kufeŵetsedwa, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri oyenera kusamaliridwa panyumba.

Posachedwapa kwambiri, pogogomezera luso ndi kuchiritsa, ogwira ntcito yazipatala afikira pakuwona imfa kukhala kulephera kapena kugonjetsedwa. Choncho cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito yazamankhwala chakhala chija cha kuletsa imfa pamtengo uliwonse. Limodzi ndi kusintha kumeneku panadzayamba kubuka kwa luso latsopano kotheratu la kuchititsa anthu kukhala ndi moyo motalikirapo koposa mmene kukanakhalira kothekera kalelo.

Luso lazamankhwala ladzetsa kupita patsogolo kosakanika m’maiko ambiri; komabe, ladzutsa kunyumwira kowopsa. Dokotala wina ananena kuti: “Madokotala ochuluka ataya chinthu chofunika chimene chinali mbali yokondeka ya mankhwala, ndipo chimenecho ndicho chifundo. Makina, kugwira ntchito bwino ndi kulondoloza zachotsa mumtima kukondwera, chifundo, chisoni, ndi kudera nkhaŵa kaamba ka munthuyo. Mankhwala tsopano ndiwo sayansi yosakondweretsa; ukoma wake uli wa nyengo ina. Munthu womafayo angapeze chitonthozo chochepa kwa dokotala wamakina.”

Limenelo ndilingaliro chabe la munthu mmodzi, ndipo ndithudi sichitsutso chadziko lonse cha madokotala. Komabe, mwina mwawona kuti anthu ochuluka akhala ndi mantha akukhalitsidwa amoyo ndi makina.

Pang’onong’ono lingaliro lina linayamba kumveka. Linali lakuti m’zochitika zina anthu ayenera kuloledwa kufa mwachibadwa, mwaulemu, ndi mosadodometsedwa ndi zithandizo zamakina. Kupenda kochitidwira magazini a Time kunavumbula kuti oposa chigawo chimodzi mwa zitatu cha ofikiridwa analingalira kuti dokotala ayenera kuloledwa kuleka kupereka mankhwala ochirikiza moyo kwa wodwala mosachiritsika. Kupendako kunafika pamawu aŵa: “Atadzipereka ku zosapeŵeka, [anthu] amafuna kufa mwaulemu, osamangirirdwa ku gulu la makina m’chipinda cha odwala mosachiritsika monga chinthu chopendedwa mkati mwa galasi.” Kodi mukuvomereza? Kodi zimenezo zigwirizana motani ndi lingaliro lanu pankhaniyi?

Mayankho Olingaliridwa

Kumadalira pa mwambo wa munthu kapena chitaganya kumene anakulira, pali kusiyana kwakukulu m’kulingalira nkhani ya imfa ndi kumwalira. Komabe, anthu m’maiko ambiri akusonyeza chikondwerero chowonjezereka m’vuto la odwala mosachiritsika. M’zaka zingapo zapitazo, akatswiri amakhalidwe, madokotala, ndi anthu onse achirikiza zoyesayesa kusintha kusamaliridwa kwa ovutika oterowo.

Pakati pa njira zochuluka zopendedwa kuti athetse nkhaniyi, yogwiritsiridwa ntchito koposa m’zipatala zina ndiyo njirayo “Do Not Resuscitate” (Musatsitsimutse), kapena DNR. Kodi mukudziŵa zimene imeneyi imaphatikiza? Pambuyo pakukambitsirana kwakukulu ndi banja la wodwalayo, ndipo makamakanso ndi wodwalayo, malingaliro otsimikizirika apasadakhale amapangidwa, ndipo ameneŵa amalembedwa patchati cha wodwalayo. Zimenezi zimasumikidwa pa ziletso zimene zidzaikidwa pazoyesayesa za kudzutsanso, kapena kutsitsimula, wodwala wopanda chiyembekezoyo ngati mkhalidwe wake ungaipirepo.

Pafupifupi aliyense amazindikira kuti chinthu chachikulu m’zosankha zovuta zoterozo chiyenera kukhala “Kodi nchiyani chimene wodwalayo akafuna kuti chichitidwe?” Komabe, chimene chimalipanga kukhala vuto lowopsa nchakuti kaŵirikaŵiri wodwalayo amakhala wosazindikira kapena mwinamwake wosakhoza kupanga zosankha zake zanzeru. Zimenezi zachititsa cholembedwa chimene chingatchedwe chosankha chenicheni. Ncholinganizidwa kulola anthu kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane pasadakhale mankhwala amene akafuna m’masiku awo otsiriza. Mwachitsanzo, chosankha choterocho chinganene kuti:

“Ngati ndingakhale ndi mkhalidwe wosachiritsika kapena wosakhoza kusinthika umene udzadzetsa imfa yanga mkati mwa nthaŵi yaifupi kwambiri, nchikhumbo changa kuti moyo wanga usatalikitsidwe mwakugwiritsira ntchito njira zochirikiza moyo. Ngati mkhalidwe wanga uli wokhoza kufa ndipo ndine wosakhoza kupanga zosankha zokhudza kuchiritsidwa kwanga, ndilangiza dokotala wondisamalira kusapereka kapena kuchotsa njira zimene zingangotalikitsa njira yofera ndipo nzosafunika kaamba ka mpumulo wanga kapena kusamva ululu.” Zolembedwa zoterozo zingafotokozedi mwatsatanetsatane mtundu wa njira zochiritsira zimene munthuyo afuna kapena safuna kuti zigwiritsiridwe ntchito mumkhalidwe wosachiritsika.

Zosankha zenizeni zotero, ngakhale kuti sizigwira ntchito mwalamulo mumikhalidwe yonse, zimazindikiridwa m’malo ambiri. Anthu oyerekezeredwa kukhala mamiliyoni asanu mu United States alemba zosankha zenizeni zamankhwala. Akuluakulu m’dziko limenelo amalingalira zimenezi kukhala njira yabwino koposa yopezeka kutsimikizirira kuti zofuna zake zikulemekezedwa ndi kutsatiridwa.

Kodi Ndimtundu Wotani wa Mankhwala Kapena Chisamaliro?

Bwanji ponena za kusamaliridwa kwenikweniko kwa odwala mosachiritsika? Mwinamwake njira yatsopano yapadera koposa yakhala lingaliro lotchedwa hospice, lozindikiridwa mowonjezereka padziko lonse. Koma kodi “hospice” nchiyani?

Mmalo motanthauza malo kapena nyumba, hospice m’lingaliro lino limatanthauza kwenikweni lingaliro kapena programu ya chisamaliro cha odwala mosachiritsika. Latengedwa kuliwu Lachifrenchi chanyengo yapakati lofotokoza malo opumira aulendo. Hospice limasumika panjira yagulu (madokotala, manesi, ndi antchito odzifunira) imene imachita kutsimikizira kuti wodwala mosachiritsika akusungidwa bwino ndipo kwenikweni mopanda ululu, makamaka m’nyumba ya wodwala mwiniyo.

Ngakhale kuli kwakuti mahospice ena amapezeka m’zipatala, ambiri ngodziimira. Ochuluka amagwiritsira ntchito zithandizo zachitaganya, zonga ngati kuchezera manesi, akatswiri azakadyedwe, nduna zaboma, ndi madokotala owongola mafupa. Mmalo mwakugwiritsira ntchito njira zamankhwala zonkitsa, chisamaliro cha hospice chimagogomezera chifundo chachikulu. Mmalo mwa kuchiritsidwa kwamphamvu kwa nthenda ya wodwalayo, chimasumika pa kuchiritsa kwamphamvu ululu wa wodwalayo. Dokotala wina analongosola motere: “Hospice siri chisamaliro chocheperapo kapena chosakhala chisamaliro kapena chisamaliro chotchipa. Ndiyo mtundu wosiyana kotheratu wa chisamaliro.”

Kodi kulabadira kwanu lingaliro limeneli nkotani? Kodi njira imeneyi ikuwonekera kukhala imene mukulingalira kuti iyenera kukambitsiridwa ndi aliyense wa okondedwa anu amene angapezedwe kukhala akuyang’anizana ndi matenda osachiritsika, ndipo mwinamwake limodzi ndi dokotala wophatikizidwa?

Ngakhale kuli kwakuti chisamaliro cha hospice chingakhale chisakupezeka m’dera lanu tsopano, kuthekera nkwakuti chidzatero mtsogolo, pakuti gulu la hospice likukula padziko lonse. Cholingaliridwa poyamba kukhala choyesayesa chotsutsa njira zokhazikitsidwa, chisamaliro cha hospice pang’onopang’ono chaloŵa m’mbali yaikulu ya zamankhwala, ndipo tsopano chikulingaliridwa kukhala njira ina yovomerezedwa ya odwala mosachiritsika. Mwa njira zake zochiritsira, makamaka kugwiritsiridwa ntchito moyenera kwa mibulu yopha ululu, hospice yawonjezera kupita patsogolo kwina kwapadera kuchisamaliro chazamankhwala.

M’kalata yolembedwera New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Gloria Werth anasimba imfa ya mbale wake mu hospice kuti: “Panthaŵi iriyonse mankhwala, chakudya, kapena madzi sizinakakamizidwe pa mbale wanga. Iye anali waufulu kudya, kumwa, . . . kapena kumwa mankhwala monga momwe anafunira . . . Koma chabwino koposa ponena za hospice nchakuti zikumbukiro zathu za imfa ya Virginia ziri zotsitsimutsa mwapadera ndi zosangalatsa. Kodi zimenezi zinganenedwe kangati mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa imfa m’chipinda cha odwala mosachiritsika?”

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 26]

“Mankhwala tsopano ndiwo sayansi yosakondweretsa; ukoma wake uli wa nyengo ina. Munthu womafayo angapeze chitonthozo chochepa kwa dokotala wamakina”

[Mawu Otsindika patsamba 27]

Hospices imasumika pa kuchiritsidwa kwamphamvu kwa ululu wa wodwalayo mmalo mwa kuchiritsidwa kwamphamvu kwa nthenda yeniyeniyo